Course No: AEE-402
Course Title: Rural Development Through Agricultural
Development
Institute of Agri-Extension, Education and Rural Development
LECTURE OUTLINES
• W ha t is d e v e lo p m e nt ?
• D if f e r e nc e b e t w e e n c i t y (u r b an ) a n d
v i ll a g e (r ur a l) d ev e l o p m e n t
• W ha t is r ura l d e v e lo p m e n t ?
• W ha t is a g r i c ul t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t ?
• H o w d o r ura l an d ag r ic ul t u r a l
d e v e lo p m e nt w o r k t o g e t h e r ?
• C ha l le n g e s a n d e x a m p le s f r o m Pa k i s t an
What is Development?
Making people’s lives better by giving them good
schools, hospitals, jobs, and safe homes.
Todaro & Smith (2015): “Development helps
people get better jobs, less poverty, and more
chances to succeed.”
Sen (1999): “Development makes our health,
education, and overall well-being better.”
Example:
The CPEC project built many roads and power
plants that help people live and work better.
Urban vs. Rural Development
What’s the Difference?
Urban (City) Development:
• Modern buildings, fast transport (like the
Lahore Metro Bus), and big industries.
• Focus on advanced services and technology.
Rural (Village) Development:
• Better roads, more schools, simple
hospitals, and support for farms.
• Focus on making village life better so people
do not have to move to cities.
What is Rural Development?
Rural Development:
Rural development means making villages better by improving roads, schools,
hospitals, and farms.
Robert Chamber ’s (1983)
rural development as a process aimed at improving the living standards of
people living in rural areas.
Examples of Rural Development
in Pakistan
Health and Schools:
The government builds small clinics and schools in villages.
Farmer Training:
Punjab Agriculture Department runs training sessions on new farming
methods.
Financial Help:
Rural Support Programs give small loans to village people.
Electricity Projects:
Solar panels bring power to remote areas in Balochistan and Sindh.
Objectives of Rural
Development
• Economic Improvement: Boosting agricultura l productivit y, promoting non-farm
em ploym ent , and fostering economic diversif ica t ion t o create sustainable livelihood s .
• Social Development: Enhancing acces s to educa tion, healt hcare, and social ser vices
to improve living standards and reduce pover ty.
• Infrastr uctu re Enhan cement: Developing essential infra structu re s uch as roads,
elect ricity, and water supply t o support economic act ivities and improve daily life.
• Environmental Sustainability: Im plement ing pra ctices tha t preser ve natural
resources and prom ote sustainable land use
• Community Empowerment: to ensure long-t erm ecologica l ba la nce. EAGRI.ORG5.
• Encouraging act ive pa r ticipation of rural com munit ies in decision-m aking processes to
foster self-relian ce a nd social cohesion.
Agriculture
Development
Agricultural development is the process of
improving farming methods to produce more food
and goods.
Why is Agricultural
Development Important?
• Food for Everyone: More food for a growing population.
• Better Income : Farmers earn more money.
• Job Creation: More work in farming and related sectors .
• Modern, Green Farming: New methods help protect nature.
Linkages Between Rural and
Agricultural Development – Concept
Overview
Agriculture forms the backbone of rural economies, while rural development
creates the enabling environment for agriculture to thrive.
Interdependent Relationship:
Improved rural infrastructure (roads, storage facilities) directly benef its
agricultural logistics.
Education and training in rural areas enhance farmers’ skills, leading to more
efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.
Infrastructure’s Role:
• Well-maintained roads, irrigation systems, and energy supplies reduce post-
harvest losses and lower production costs.
Example: Punja b’s extensive canal network and recent road upgrades ensure
eff icient transporta tion of produce to urban markets.
Education and Training:
• Regular training sessions by agricultural extension services help farmers adopt
modern practices.
Example: Mobile agricultural advisory ser vices in rural Pakistan provide timely
weather updates and pest management tips, leading to improved decision-making
on the field.
Policy Linkage:
• Government policies that support both rural infrastructure and agricultural
innovation create a synergistic effect, improving overall productivity and
community well-being.
Pakistan’s Integrated Efforts in
Rural & Agricultural
Development
• Extension Ser vices : P u n j a b A g r ic u lt u r e • Techn ology Adoption : Pilot p roj ect s
E x te n s i o n S er v ic e or g a n iz es f ie ld
u sin g d r on es , A I, an d p recision ag ricu lt ur e
d e m o ns t ra t i o n s a n d w o r k s h o p s .
in Pu n j ab h ave b eg un to op tim ize cr op
• Innovative Farming Tech niqu es: m an agem en t an d resou r ce u se.
Tun n e l f a r m i ng a n d g r e e n h ou s e p r o j e c t s
a ll ow f o r ye a r - r o u nd p r o d u c t i on , e s p e c i a l ly • Rea l-Wo rld Im p ac t: Th ese in t eg rat ed
in a r e a s wi t h ha r s h c li m a t es . a p p roach es h ave led to m easu rab le
im p rovem en ts in crop yields , f arm er
• Dir ect Mar ket Access: Fa r m er s ’ M a r ke t s
in com es, an d ru ral com m u nit y resilien ce
( S u n d ay B a z a a r s ) e n a b le di r e c t s a l es ,
e li m in a t in g in t e r m e d i a r i e s a n d e ns u r in g a cr oss va riou s pr ovin ces.
h ig h e r r e tu r n s .
Challenges in Rural and
Agricultural Development
• Resource Limitations: Limited • Infrastructure Gaps: Inadequate
access to quality seeds, fertilizers, rural roads and storage facilities
and modern machiner y. cause significant post-har vest losses.
• Water Scarcity: Overuse and • Financial Constraints: Smallholder
inefficient management of water farmers often face challenges in
resources, particularly in arid regions. accessing affordable credit.
• Climate Change: Increasing • Social Barriers: Gender disparities,
frequency of droughts, f loods, and low literacy rates, and limited
extreme weather events impacting awareness of modern techniques
production cycles. hinder progress.
Opportunities and Future
Trends
• Emerging Opportunities:
• Digital Agriculture: Mobile applications and online platforms offer real-time
advice, market prices, and weather updates.
• Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborations between government and
private sectors are attracting investments in rural infrastructure and agricultural
research.
• Sustainable Practices : Increasing emphasis on organic farming, conservation
agriculture, and renewable energy use.
• Skill Development: Enhanced training programs targeting rural youth and
women are building a new generation of skilled agricultural professiona ls.
Future Trends
• Integration of ICT tools will further optimize farm management.
• Climate-resilient crops and advanced water management systems are expected
to become mainstream.
• The use of drones, AI, and precision agriculture will likely expand, especially
in provinces like Punjab, driving higher yields and better resource
management.
Example:
A pilot project in Punjab using drones for crop monitoring has helped farmers
detect pest infestations early and apply targeted treatments, reducing pesticide
use by 15% while increasing yields.
Thank You
