REPORT ON SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED

G+2 SCHOOL BUILDING AT G.H.S, THENKARA,

PALAKKAD

CLIENT

GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS:

M/s ENGINEERS DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE PVT LTD

41/1210, VADAKUMTHALA BUILDING, ERNAKULAM
PULLEPADDY, COCHIN-682018
PHONE: 7559917027
JOB NO: EDC/20-21/GI/018 G
 CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK...............................................................................................................................1

3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING…......................................................2

3.1FIELD EXPLORATION AND METHODOLOGY................................................................2

3.2 ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS LABORATORY TESTS.............................................................2

3.3 DETAILS OF BOREHOLES…………………………………………………………………4

4.0 FINDINGS……………………………………….................................................................................4

4.1 FIELD OBSERVATIONS.........................................................................................................4

5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR FOUNDATION SYSTEM................................................6

6.0 SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………...……10

6.1 RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………...............10

7.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 13

ANNEXURE

1. BORELOG

2. N VALUE CURVE

3. LAB RESULT

4. SITE PLAN

5. SITE PHOTOS
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1. INTRODUCTION

Inkel limited is planning to construct G+2 Storied School Building at G.H.S, Thenkara,
Palakkad. The work of geotechnical investigation for the proposed project was entrusted
to M/s Engineers Diagnostic Centre (P) Ltd, Cochin. It was proposed to take one borehole.
The field works for the geotechnical investigation were carried out on 26th of July 2020 and
boring was done up to a depth of 10.00m.

The scope of work for this investigation included performing site reconnaissance, drilling
and sampling of one borehole, conducting geotechnical field and laboratory testing, and
preparing this report. The primary purpose of these activities was to collect subsurface
information at the site for subsequent preparation of geotechnical recommendations for
the design of foundations for the proposed project.

The results of various tests conducted to determine the physical and engineering
properties of soil samples collected from the bore hole are also appended in this report.

2. SCOPE OF WORK

Scope of work for the geotechnical investigations consists of:

a) Drilling bore hole at one location at the site up to a depth of 10.00m.

b) Conducting standard penetration tests (SPT) in the bore hole at regular intervals and
collection of samples.
c) Conducting laboratory tests on samples collected for geotechnical properties of soil.
d) Submitting a geotechnical report providing foundation design and recommendation for
the proposed project.

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3. FIELD EXPLORATION AND LABORATORY TESTING

3.1 FIELD EXPLORATION AND METHODOLOGY

Boring was done in accordance with the provisions of IS 1892-1979, using rotary calyx rig
technique which is mechanically operated. Borehole was drilled through the sandy and
clayey layers and was terminated at a depth of 10.00m.

During drilling through the soil layers, sodium bentonite slurry was circulated in order to
prevent the sides from caving. Standard penetration tests (SPT), were taken at various
depth using standard split spoon sampler, the sets being driven by 63.5Kg hammer as per
IS 2131-1981 giving a free fall of 750mm. The number of blows required to penetrate the
first 150mm is for seating and is not considered for assessing strength characteristics. The
summation of the number of second and third sets of 150mm each are termed as SPT value
and designated as ‘N’. Results were recorded and graphically represented in the log of
bore holes. Soil samples were collected in plastic bags for visual inspection and
classification of strata from all the layers as recorded in log sheets of bore holes.

3.2 ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS LABORATORY TESTS

Disturbed samples (SPT Samples) obtained from specified sampler were tested for the
following index properties as well as strength properties to classify the strata to various
soil group as per IS soil classification IS: 1498-1970 and IS: 2720.

3.2.1 Moisture Content {IS: 2720 (Part II) - 1973}

The natural moisture content of all the soil samples brought from the site was determined
as prescribed in IS: 2720. For many soils, the water content will be an extremely important
index used for establishing the relationship between the way a soil behaves and its
properties. The consistency of a fine-grained soil largely depends on its water content. The
water content is also used in expressing the phase relationships of air, water, and solids in
a given volume of soil.

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3.2.2 Grain Size Distribution {IS: 2720 (Part IV) - 1985}

Both sieve analysis and Hydrometer analysis were conducted on different samples and the
findings are tabulated. Since particle diameters typically span many orders of magnitude
for natural sediments, in order to conveniently describe wide ranging data sets, the base to
logarithmic (phi) scale was used to represent grain size information for sediment
distribution. A tabular classification of grain sizes in terms of units and other commonly
used measurement scales is included for purposes of comparison.

3.2.3 Specific Gravity {IS: 2720 (Part III)- 1980}

The specific gravity of soil particles was determined by using pycnometer or density
bottle. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume of soil at a stated
temperature to the mass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at the same stated
temperature. The specific gravity of a soil is used in the phase relationship of air, water,
and solids in a given volume of the soil.

3.2.4Atterberg Limits {IS: 2720 (Part V & VI)- 1980}

These tests were carried out on clay fraction for soil samples. The test results include
liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil samples tested. These tests were
conducted as per IS: 2720, Parts V &VI. The plastic limit and liquid limit values of the clay
samples were determined.

4. FINDINGS

4.1 SUBSURFACE STRATA AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS

Based on the field borelogs, SPT N values and laboratory test results, the subsurface
profile have been idealized and are presented in following Tables. It may be noted that this
simplified subsurface profile is only an idealized representation of the actual conditions to
facilitate the design of foundations on a conservative basis and the actual conditions may
be somewhat different.

Geotechnical design parameters for soils have been estimated based on correlations with
SPT N values duly adjusted to reflect gradation and plasticity characteristics. For coarse
grained soils the measured N values were corrected for overburden pressure and

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dilatancy (for submerged fine sands and silts with N > 15). The effective angle of shearing
resistance was determined using figure 1 of IS: 6403. In the case of fine-grained soils, the
undrained shear strength (cu) was estimated based on correlations with the measured SPT
N values (without any correction).

The recommended geotechnical design parameters for the strata are summarized in Tables

The notations used in the tables are as follows:

zT : Depth from ground level to the top of the stratum

zB : Depth from ground level to the bottom of the stratum
H : Thickness of the stratum
Nc : N value corrected for overburden pressure and dilatancy as applicable
R : SPT Rebound/Refusal
 : Bulk/Saturated unit weight
c : Effective cohesion (long-term drained analysis)
 : Peak effective angle of shearing resistance (long-term drained analysis)
cu : Undrained cohesion (short-term drained analysis)
u : Undrained angle of shearing resistance (short-term drained analysis)
Cu : Cohesion/shear strength.
Qe = Average uniaxial compressive strength of rock at tip level

 BOREHOLE NO: BH1

Soil Strata bh1

Starting Date : 26.07.2020 Ending Date : 26.07.2020
Ground Water Level : not met Termination Depth : 10.00m
H Description and
zT(m) zB(m) SPT Nc (kN/m3) c(kPa)  cu(kPa) u
(m) Classification
Loose lateritic silty
0 1.7 1.7 SAND with gravel 8 17 - 24 - -
(Reddish)

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Medium dense lateritic

1.7 2.5 0.8 silty SAND with gravel 18 18 - 28 - -
(Reddish)

Very stiff lateritic sandy

2.5 3.9 1.4 SILT with gravel 18 18.5 - 28 - -
(Reddish)

Medium dense lateritic

3.9 7.2 3.3 silty SAND with gravel 17 18 - 27 - -
(Reddish)
Medium dense lateritic
7.2 10 2.8 23 18 - 29 - -
silty SAND (Reddish)

5. SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS:

Recommendations are based on the assumption that the soil profiles obtained in the
borehole taken are indicative of the entire area of the project. Any deviation in soil profile
other than that observed in the borehole tested should immediately be referred to the
consultant and proper modification should be implemented.
From the study of borehole, it was noted that, the top 1.70m comprise of loose
lateritic silty sand with gravel. Below this medium dense lateritic silty sand with gravel
was noted extending up to depth of 2.50m.

For light structures, shallow foundation may be provided in the loose lateritic silty
sand strata at a depth of about 1.00m from the ground level. A safe bearing capacity of
7t/m2 may be adopted for a footing of width 2m commencing from the loose lateritic silty
sand strata at a depth of 1.00m from ground level. Depending upon the intensity of
loading either wall footing, isolated foundation, strip footing or raft foundation may be
adopted.

For medium heavy structures, shallow foundation may be provided in the medium
dense lateritic silty sand strata at a depth of about 2.00m from the ground level. A safe
bearing capacity of 14t/m2 may be adopted for a footing of width 2m commencing from
the medium dense lateritic silty sand strata at a depth of 2.00m from ground level.

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6. REFERENCES

1) Foundation Analysis And Design,J.EBowels,Mcgraw Hill Publication

2) Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering,K.RArora,Standard Publishers

Distributors,Fourth Edition,1997

3) Soil Mechanics In Engineering Practice, 2ndEdition,Terzaghi K and Peck R.B, John

Willey And Sons,1967.

4) IS:6403-1981,Code Of Practice For Determinationof Bearing Capacity Of Shallow

Foundation.

5) Foundation Manual,N.V Nayak,1996.

6) Foundation Design And Construction,M.JTomlinson,Viewpoint Publishers.

7) IS12070-1987, Code of Practice for Design of Shallow Foundation on Rock.

8) IS 2911 (PART1/SECTION 2)-1979, Codeof Practice for Design and Construction of Pile
Foundation.

9) Pile Design,Poulos& Davis.

7
Annexure
Borelog
 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED G+2 STORIED SCHOOL
BUILDING AT G.H.S ,THENKARA, PALAKKAD

Client : INKEL LTD. Boring Started : 26.07.2020

ENGINEERS DIAGNOSTIC
CENTRE (P) LTD Bore Hole No : BH 1 Boring Completed : 26.07.2020
Type of Boring : ROTARY DRILLING Ground Water Table: Not Met
Termination Depth : 10.00m Location : THENKARA

THICKNESS

DEPTH in m
OF STRATA
PROFILE

SPT " N "

BLOWS/15cm
DEPTH

DESCRIPTION OF STRATA Test Depth

Remarks
15cm 15cm 15cm

Loose lateritic silty SAND 1.70 1.00 1.00 - 1.45 3 4 4 8

with gravel (Reddish)
1.70
Medium dense lateritic silty SAND with 2.00 2.00 - 2.45 7 9 9 18
0.80
2.50 gravel (Reddish)

3.00 3.00 - 3.45 7 8 10 18

1.40
Very stiff lateritic sandy SILT with gravel
3.90 (Reddish)
4.00 4.00 - 4.45 7 12 13 25

5.00 5.00 - 5.45 7 8 7 15

3.30
Medium dense lateritic silty SAND with
gravel (Reddish)
6.50 6.50 - 6.95 3 4 7 11
7.20

8.00 8.00 - 8.45 8 14 12 26

2.80
Medium dense lateritic silty SAND
(Reddish)

10.00 10.00 10.00 -10.45 6 9 11 20

THE BOREHOLE WAS TERMINATED AT 10.00m DEPTH

N value Curve
PROJECT : GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR THE PROPOSED G+2 STORIED SCHOOL BUILDING AT G.H.S
THENKARA, PALAKKAD

ENGINEERS Bore Hole No : 01 Boring Started : 26.07.2020

DIAGNOSTIC Type of Boring : Rotary Boring Completed : 26.07.2020
CENTRE (P) LTD Termination Depth : 10.00m Ground water table NOT MET

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF N VALUE

N- VALUE(BLOWS)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
0.0

1.5

18

3.0 18

25

4.5
DEPTH(M)

15

6.0

11

7.5

26

9.0

20

10.5

12.0

BORE HOLE TERMINATED AT 10.00M

FIG. 1
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B
INKEL LIMITED
Door No.7/473ZA-5&6,2nd Floor Ajiyal Complex,
Kakkanad,Cochin Pin:682030
Phone:0484-2978101,0484-2978103
E-mail:[email protected]
IN KEL
Site Photos
INKEL, THENKARA, PALAKKAD