DEPARTMENT OF

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING (AS)

I - IV SEMESTER M. Tech
About the Institute:
Dr. M. S. Ramaiah a philanthropist, founded ‘Gokula Education Foundation’ in 1962 with an
objective of serving the society. M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology (MSRIT) was established
under the aegis of this foundation in the same year, creating a landmark in technical education
in India. MSRIT offers 18 UG programs and 13 PG programs. All these programs are approved
by AICTE. All eligible UG and PG programs are accredited by National Board of Accreditation
(NBA). The institute is accredited with ‘A+’ grade by NAAC in March 2021 for 5 years.
University Grants Commission (UGC) & Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) have
conferred Autonomous Status to MSRIT for both UG and PG Programs since 2007. The institute
has also been conferred autonomous status for Ph.D. program since 2021. The institute is a
participant to the Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP), an initiative of
the Government of India. The institute has 380 competent faculty out of which 70% are
doctorates. Some of the distinguished features of MSRIT are: State of the art laboratories,
individual computing facility for all faculty members, all research departments active with
sponsored funded projects and more than 300 scholars pursuing Ph.D. To promote research
culture, the institute has established Centre of Excellence for Imaging Technologies, Centre for
Advanced Materials Technology, Centre for Antennas and Radio Frequency Systems (CARFS),
Center for Cyber Physical Systems, Schneider Centre of Excellence & Centre for Bio and Energy
Materials Innovation. Ramaiah Institute of Technology has obtained All India Rank 182 in
“Scimago Institutions Rankings” for the year 2024.
The Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC) and Section 8 company “Ramaiah Evolute”
have been set up on campus to incubate startups. MSRIT has a strong Placement and Training
department with a committed team, a good Mentoring/Proctorial system, a fully equipped Sports
department, large air-conditioned library with good collection of book volumes and subscription
to International and National Journals. The Digital Library subscribes to online e-journals from
Elsevier Science Direct, IEEE, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, etc. The Institute is a member
of DELNET, CMTI and VTU E-Library Consortium. The Institute has a modern auditorium,
recording studio, and several hi-tech conference halls with video conferencing facilities. The
institute has excellent hostel facilities for boys and girls. MSRIT Alumni have distinguished
themselves by occupying high positions in India and abroad and are in touch with the institute
through an active Alumni Association.
As per the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), MoE, Government of India,
Ramaiah Institute of Technology has achieved 75th rank among 1463 top Engineering
Institutions & 21st Rank for School of Architecture in India among 115 Architecture
Institutions, for the year 2024.
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About the Department
The Department of Aerospace Engineering started functioning in 2024 with an intake of 60
students for the UG program and 18 students for the PG program. At present, the department has
four full-time faculty members. All the faculty members are well qualified and possess
postgraduate degrees with all of them having doctorates. The department offers a four-year
degree course and also offers a Masters Degree in Aerospace Engineering. The faculty members
from the department have published in reputed journals and are recognized as Research
Supervisors by Visvesvaraya Technological University to supervise Scholars pursuing
Ph.D./M.S.(Research)/ Integrated Ph.D. programs. The emphasis of the Department is on
imparting quality education in Aerospace Engineering, enabling the creation of expertise in this
specialized area to cater to the requirements of the fast-growing Aerospace sector in the country.
Additionally, the emphasis of the Department is on promoting research initiatives. The
establishment of well-equipped laboratories in the Department has been an effort in this
direction.

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 VISION OF THE INSTITUTE
To be an Institution of International Eminence, renowned for imparting quality technical education,
cutting edge research and innovation to meet global socio-economic needs

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

MSRIT shall meet the global socio-economic needs through
1. Imparting quality technical education by nurturing a conducive learning environment through
continuous improvement and customization
2. Establishing research clusters in emerging areas in collaboration with globally reputed
organizations
3. Establishing innovative skills development, techno-entrepreneurial activities and consultancy
for socio-economic needs

QUALITY POLICY
We at M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology strive to deliver comprehensive, continually enhanced,
global quality technical and management education through an established Quality Management
System complemented by the synergistic interaction of the stake holders concerned

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

To be a centre of repute in Aerospace Engineering in imparting quality technical education with
emphasis on industrial connect and research.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

1. To create conducive learning environment with state-of-the-art facilities to impart quality
education in aerospace engineering
2. To promote industry collaborated activities to develop aerospace domain clusters for skill
development suitable for aerospace research and employment
3. To develop and promote student centric centers of aerospace engineering for providing national/
international exposure through projects and related activities

4
Process of deriving the vision and mission of the department
Process of deriving the vision and mission of the department is shown in block diagram below
(fig1)

Institute’s Vision &

Mission

Management Vision &

Mission of Parents
the
Department
by the
committee

Industry
Alumni

Department
Faculty
Periodic Review Students

Fig1. Block Diagram – Deriving the Vision & Mission of the department

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

The Masters Program in Aerospace Engineering, M. Tech - Aerospace Engineering is a four-semester
course and will provide the necessary exposure for understanding Aerospace Engineering concepts
centered around the fields of Aerodynamics, Structures, Propulsion and Guidance & Control. The
course will include pertinent subjects drawn from these four fields of Aerospace Engineering. With a
mixture of core and several elective subjects, students will be provided with ample options regarding
the choice of electives. Space Mechanics, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Aeroacoustics, Wind Tunnel
Techniques, Hypersonic Aerodynamics, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Satellite
Communication and Space Vehicle Design are some of the electives being offered over the four
semesters of study. The PG course also includes Internship/ Industry Training and Individual Project
work components to enable the students to improve their understanding of theoretical concepts and
enable their practical application. Students will also be encouraged to take up research work in their
areas of interest. These exercises will facilitate the students to be technically equipped to take up
challenges in their professional life.

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PEOs of the Programme:
PEO 1: Solve engineering problems in the field of aerospace by applying the technical knowledge
and skills acquired with emphasis on continual improvement.
PEO 2: To promote skill development through domain centers of aerospace resulting in research and
development activities in this cutting-edge area.
PEO 3: Continue professional development through a commitment to life-long learning and
promotion of industry-academia interactions adhering to a sustainable framework.

Process of Deriving the Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

Fig 2 shows the process employed for deriving the PEO‟s

Institute Vision & Department Vision &

Mission Mission

Committee formation and preparation of questionnaire

Conduction of Survey

Students Parents Alumni Industry PG faculty

Collect data (Department Committee)

Deliberate, Analyze and summarize the data

(Board of Studies)

Academic Council & Governing Council

Accept & Approve

PEO

Fig 2: Process employed for deriving the PEO‟s of the department

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Programme Outcomes (POs):
PO1: An ability to independently carry out research /investigation and development work to solve
practical problems
PO2: An ability to write and present a substantial technical report/document
PO3: Students should be able to demonstrate a degree of mastery over the area as per the
specialization of the program. The mastery should be at a level higher than the requirements
in the appropriate bachelor program
PO4: Apply aerospace engineering concepts and assimilated knowledge for design and development
of systems / subsystems
PO5: Apply domain expertise to address multi-disciplinary problems and develop entrepreneurial
skills with life-long learning

Process of Deriving the Programme Outcomes (POs):

Fig 3 shows the process employed for deriving the PO‟s

Institute Vision and Mission Department Vision and Mission

Feedback
Programme Educational Objectives Graduate Attributes
Faculty

Regulatory bodies such as

Student UGC, AICTE, VTU
Programme Outcomes
Alumni
Professional bodies such as
IIF, IEI, IWS
Industry

Fig 3: Process employed for deriving PO‟s

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Mapping of PEOs and Pos:
The correlation between the Programme outcomes and Program Educational objectives are mapped
in Table1 as shown below.

Table 1: Correlation between the POs and the PEOs

Sl. Programme Outcomes (PO)

No. Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5

Solve engineering problems in the field of aerospace

1 by applying the technical knowledge and skills 3 1 3 3 3
acquired with emphasis on continual improvement

To promote skill development through domain

2 centers of aerospace resulting in research and 3 3 2 3 2
development activities in this cutting-edge area

Continue professional development through a

commitment to lifelong learning and promotion of
3 2 2 2 2 2
industry-academia interactions adhering to a
sustainable framework.

8
 DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Master of Technology (M. Tech) In
Aerospace Engineering
Curriculum - Course Credits Distribution
Semester Professional Professional Elective Mandatory Project Internship Total
Courses Course Lab Courses Courses work/ Semester
Seminar Credit
I 11 2 6 3 - - 22
II 12 2 9 - - - 23
III - - 6 - 6 5 17
IV - - - - 18 - 18
Total 23 4 21 3 24 5 80

First Semester
M.Tech. In Aerospace Engineering
Scheme of Teaching and Examination 2024-25

I SEMESTER
Sl. Subject Subject Teaching Category Credits Total
No. Code Department L T P Total Contact
hours/
week
1 MAS11 Mathematics for Mathematics PCC 2 1 0 3 4
Aerospace Engineering
2 MAS12 Aerospace AS PCC 4 0 0 4 4
Structures
3 MAS13 Aerospace Propulsion AS PCC 4 0 0 4 4
4 MAS14X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -1
5 MAS15X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -2
6 RMI16 Research Methodology & Institutional MCC 3 0 0 3 3
IPR
7 MASL17 Aerospace Structures Lab AS PCCL 0 0 1 1 2
8 MASL18 Aerospace Propulsion AS PCCL 0 0 1 1 2
Lab
Total 19 1 2 22 25

9
 Second Semester
M.Tech. In Aerospace Engineering
Scheme of Teaching and Examination 2024-25
II SEMESTER
Sl. Subject Subject Teaching Category Credits Total
No. Code Department L T P Total Contact
hours/
week
1 MAS21 Space Mechanics AS PCC 3 1 0 4 4
2 MAS22 Computational Fluid AS PCC 4 0 0 4 4
Dynamics
3 MAS23 Unmanned Aerial AS PCC 4 0 0 4 4
Vehicles
4 MAS24X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -3
5 MAS25X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -4
6 MAS26X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -5
7 MASL27 Computational and AS PCCL 0 0 1 1 2
Experimental
Aerodynamics Lab
8 MASL28 Space Simulation Lab AS PCCL 0 0 1 1 2
Total 20 1 2 23 26

Third Semester
M.Tech. In Aerospace Engineering
Scheme of Teaching and Examination 2024-25
III SEMESTER
Sl. Subject Subject Teaching Category Credits Total
No. Code Department L T P Total Contact
hours/
week
1 MAS31X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -6
2 MAS32X Professional Elective AS PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Course -7
3 MASI33 Internship/ Industrial AS INT 0 0 5 5 5
Training
4 MASP34 Project Work – Phase I AS PW 0 0 6 6 6
Total 6 0 11 17 17

Fourth Semester
Sl. Subject Subject Teaching Category Credits
No. Code Department L T P Total
1 MASP41 Project Work – Phase AS PW 0 0 18 18
II
Total 0 0 18 18

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 Elective I - (Sem 1)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS141 Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3
2 MAS142 Spacecraft Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
3 MAS143 Aerospace Materials and Processes 3 0 0 3
4 MAS144 Computational Heat Transfer for Aerospace Engineering 3 0 0 3

Elective II - (Sem 1)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS151 Flight Mechanics 3 0 0 3
2 MAS152 Aeroacoustics 3 0 0 3
3 MAS153 Guidance, Navigation and Control 3 0 0 3
4 MAS154 Electric Propulsion Systems 3 0 0 3

Elective III - (Sem 2)

Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS241 Boundary Layer Theory 3 0 0 3
2 MAS242 Structural Dynamics 3 0 0 3
3 MAS243 Finite Element Analysis 3 0 0 3
4 MAS244 Hypersonic Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3

Elective IV - (Sem 2)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS251 Flight Testing 3 0 0 3
2 MAS252 Dynamics of Stability and Augmentation 3 0 0 3
3 MAS253 Theory of Plates and Shells 3 0 0 3
4 MAS254 Spacecraft Systems Engineering 3 0 0 3

Elective V - (Sem 2)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS261 Mechanics of Composite Materials 3 0 0 3
2 MAS262 Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics 3 0 0 3
3 MAS263 Manned Space Missions 3 0 0 3
4 MAS264 High Temperature Gas Dynamics 3 0 0 3

Elective VI - (Sem 3)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS311 Helicopter Dynamics 3 0 0 3
2 MAS312 Aeroelasticity 3 0 0 3
3 MAS313 Avionics 3 0 0 3
4 MAS314 Cryogenics 3 0 0 3

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 Elective VII - (Sem 3)
Sl. Course Course Credits
No. Code L T P Total
1 MAS321 Drone Propulsion for Aerospace Applications 3 0 0 3
2 MAS322 Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics and Control 3 0 0 3
3 MAS323 AI & ML for Aerospace Applications 3 0 0 3
4 MAS324 Space Vehicle Design 3 0 0 3

Students have to earn a total of 80 credits by choosing subjects from the above list of
electives.

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 MATHEMATICS FOR AEROSPACE
ENGINEERING
Course Code: MAS11 Credits: 2:1:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 28+28
Course Coordinator: Dr. Dinesh P.A

Course Contents
Unit I
Linear Algebra: Elementary transformations on a matrix, Echelon form & rank of a matrix,
Consistency of system of linear equations. Gauss elimination & Gauss – Seidel method to solve
system of linear equations. Applications to solve traffic flow problems and electric circuit problems.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix, Rayleigh power method to determine the dominant
eigenvalue of a matrix, diagonalization of square matrices. Solution of system of ODEs by matrix
method.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Vector Space and Linear Transformation: Vector Spaces, subspaces, Linear combination and
span, Linearly independent and dependent vectors, Basis and Dimension, Linear transformations,
Matrix transformations, Rotation about the origin, Dilation, Contraction and Reflection, Kernel and
Range. Four fundamental subspaces of a matrix.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated video

Unit III
Interpolation: Forward and Backward differences, Interpolation, Newton-Gregory Forward and
Backward Interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation and Newton’s divided difference interpolation
techniques.
Numerical Differentiation: Derivatives using Newton-Gregory forward and backward interpolation
formula.
Numerical Integration: Newton-Cotes quadrature formula: Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3rd and
Simpson’s 3/8th rule.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos
Unit IV
Numerical solution of first order ODE: Taylor’s series method, Euler’s & modified Euler’s method,
fourth order Runge -Kutta method.
Numerical solution of PDE: Heat Equation, Wave Equation, Laplace Equation.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Complex Differentiation: Functions of complex variable, Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann
Equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates, construction of analytic functions.

13
Transformations: Conformal transformation, Discussion of the transformations w = e z , w = z 2 and
1
w = ( z + ), z  0. Applications of Conformal Mapping- Electrostatic Potential, Potential in a
z
Cylindrical Space, Two- Dimensional Fluid Flow, Stream Function , Bilinear transformations.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text Books:
1. B. S. Grewal – Higher Engineering Mathematics – Khanna Publishers – 45th edition – 2024.
2. David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay and Judi J. Mc. Donald – Linear Algebra and its Applications
Pearson – 5 th edition – 2023.
3. James Ward Brown, Ruel V Churchill – Complex variables and Applications – McGraw Hill
publishers - 9th edition-2021.

Reference Books:
1. Peter V. O’Neil – Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Cengage learning – 8 th edition –
2017.
2. Gareth Williams – Linear Algebra with Applications, Jones and Bartlett Press – 9 th edition –
2017.
3. Erwin Kreyszig –Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Wiley publication – 10th edition-
2015.
4. Gilbert Strang - Linear Algebra and its Applications, 5 th Edition (2016).
.
Course Outcomes (COs):
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Perform matrix operations to solve system of linear algebraic equations and uses the concept of
Eigen values and Eigen vectors to solve system of ordinary differential equations by matrix
method.
2. Find basis and dimension of a vector space. Also compute matrix transformations associated
with linear maps, geometric transformations in a vector space and determine the kernel and
range of linear transformations.
3. Predict the value of a dependent variable using the concept of interpolation for a given data.
4. Find the solution of an ordinary and partial differential equations numerically.
5. Construct an analytic function, Apply bilinear transformation to map one complex plane to
another complex plane and Uses conformal mapping techniques to transform complex
functions.

14
Course Assessment and Evaluation:
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

15
 AEROSPACE STRUCTURES

Course Code: MAS12 Credits: 3:1:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42+14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Contents
Unit I
Introduction to Aircraft Structures: Basic elasticity concepts – Stress, Strain, Equations of
Equilibrium, Boundary Conditions, Compatibility Equations, Principal Stresses, Mohr’s circle,
Stress-Strain Relationships. Structural components of aircraft – Loads, functions, Materials and
fabrication of structural components. Airworthiness and Airframe Loads– Factors of Safety-flight
envelope, Load factor determination, Inertia Loads, Symmetric Maneuver Loads, Gust Loads.
Fatigue, Numerical problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Bending of Open, Closed and Thin-Walled Beams: Symmetrical bending - Assumptions, direct
Stress distribution, anticlastic bending. Unsymmetrical bending – Sign conventions, direct stress
distribution, position of neutral axis, deflections due to bending, approximations for thin-walled
sections, Numerical problems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated video

Unit III
Shear of Beams: General Stress, Strain, and Displacement Relationships for Open and Single Cell
Closed Section Thin-Walled Beams. Open section beams: shear flow distribution, shear centre.
Closed section beams: Shear flow distribution, twist and warping of shear loaded closed section
beams, shear centre, Numerical Problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos
Unit IV
Torsion of Beams: Torsion of closed section beams- Bredt-Batho theory, Displacements associated
with the Bredt-Batho shear flow, condition for zero warping. Torsion of open section beams, warping
of cross section, Numerical Problems. Combined Open and Closed Section Beams: Bending, Shear
and Torsion, Numerical Problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Stress Analysis of Aircraft Components: Structural Idealization – Principle, Idealization Of A
Panel, Effect of idealization on Analysis of Open and Closed Section beams. Wing Spars And Box
Beams – Tapered Wing Spar, Open And Closed Section Beams, Beams Having Variable Stringer
Areas. Fuselages: Bending, Shear And Torsion, Numerical Problems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

16
Text Books:
1. T. H. G. Megson, Aircraft structures for Engineering Students, 6th Edition, Butterworth-
Heinemann, 2016.
2. T. H. G. Megson, An Introduction to Aircraft Structural Analysis, 2nd Edition, Elsevier
Science, 2014.

Reference Books:
1. T.H.G. Megson, Structural and Stress Analysis, 4th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2019.
2. E. F. Bruhn, Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures, TriState Offset, 3rd Edition,
1965.
3. David Peery, J. J. Azar, Aircraft Structures, McGraw-Hill Education, 2nd Edition, 1982.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Apply foundational concepts of aerospace structures to solve related structural problems
effectively (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Evaluate stresses in beams subjected to symmetric / unsymmetric bending (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Analyze shear flow distribution in thin-walled beams (PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Analyze open and closed section structural members subjected to torsional and combined
loads (PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Estimate stresses in aerospace components through structural idealization techniques
(PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

17
 AEROSPACE PROPULSION
Course Code: MAS13 Credits: 4:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Contents
Unit I
Introduction: Review of basic thermodynamics, Introduction to Aircraft Propulsion, Classification
and principle of operation. The Thrust equation; Factors affecting thrust; Principle of thrust
augmentation. jet Engine basic performance parameters. Thermodynamic cyclic analysis of all jet
engines. Identification and Functions of Each part of Turbojet Engine Components.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
INLET AND NOZZLE
Subsonic Inlets: Internal flow and Stall in Subsonic inlets, Boundary layer separation. Major features
of external flow near a subsonic inlet. Relation between minimum area ratio and external deceleration
ratio. Diffuser performance.
Supersonic inlets: Starting problem in supersonic inlets, Shock swallowing by area variation,
External deceleration. Modes of inlet operation.
Nozzles: Theory of flow in isentropic nozzles, Convergent and C-D nozzles performance, Nozzle
throat conditions, Nozzle efficiency. Over-expanded and under-expanded nozzles. Thrust reversal
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit III
Compressor: Elementary theory of axial flow compressor, Velocity triangles, pressure rise and work
done, Degree of reaction. Air angle distribution for free vortex and constant reaction designs,
Compressor blade design. Axial compressor performance characteristics. Compressor stall and surge.
Introduction to centrifugal compressor.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit IV
Turbine: Introduction, Elementary theory of axial flow turbine, Turbine stage, velocity triangle, work
done, degree of reaction. Turbine cooling, Heat transfer in turbine cooling, Principle of operation of
radial turbines.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit V
Combustion Chamber and Rocket Propulsion: Classification of combustion chambers, important
factors affecting combustion chamber design, Combustion process, Combustion chamber
performance Effect of operating variables on performance – Flame tube cooling – Flame stabilization
– Use of flame holders.
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Introduction to space propulsion, Rocket equation, Introduction to solid and liquid propellent.
Classification and types- rocket thrust control combustion instability – Applications of solid and
liquid rockets
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Text Book:
1. Gas Turbines, V. Ganesan, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2010
2. Gas Turbine Theory, Cohen, H. Rogers, G.F.C. and Saravanamuttoo, H.I.H, Longman, 1989.
3. G.P.Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements” John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 5th
Edition,1986.
4. Cumpsty, Jet propulsion, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Reference books:
1. G.C Oates, “Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components “, AIAA Education Series
1985.
2. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Airbreathing propulsion.
3. Mathur and Sharma R.P. “Gas turbine, Jet and Rocket Propulsion standard publishers and
Distributors Delhi, 1988.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Understand fundamental concepts of jet propulsion and analyze performance parameters
(PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze dynamics of flow behavior through inlet and nozzle of jet engines (PO-1, PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
3. Evaluate performance characteristics of axial and centrifugal flow compressors used in jet
engines (PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Examine the influence of design parameters on the operations of axial and radial flow jet
turbines ( PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Assimilate the combustion mechanisms in jet and rocket engines (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz/project 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Assignment 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

19
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IPR

Course Code: RMI16 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Course Faculty

Course Contents
Unit I
Research Methodology: Introduction, meaning of research, Objectives of research, Motivation in
research, Types of research, Research approaches, Significance of research, Research methods versus
methodology, Research and scientific method, Importance of knowing how research is done,
Research process, Criteria of good research, Problems encountered by researchers in India.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a research problem, Selecting the problem, Necessity of
defining the problem, the Technique involved in defining a problem, An illustration.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
Literature review: Primary and secondary sources, Reviews, Monograph, Patents, Research
databases, Web as a source, Searching the web, Critical literature review, Identifying gap areas from
literature and research database, Development of working hypothesis.
Research Design: Meaning of research design, Need for research design, Features of a good design,
Importance concepts relating to research design, Different research designs, Basic principles of
experimental design
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit III
Sampling Design: Census and sampling survey, Implications of a sample design, steps in sampling
design, Criteria of selecting a sampling procedure, Characteristics of a good sample design, Different
types of sample designs, How to select a random sample, Random sample from an infinite universe,
Complex random sampling designs.
Methods of Data Collection: Collection of primary data, Observation method, Interview method,
Collection of data through questionnaires, Collection of data through schedules, Differences between
questionnaires and schedules, some other methods of data collection, Collection of secondary data,
Selection of appropriate method for data collection, Case study method.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Multivariate Analysis: The nature of the multivariate analysis, Classifying multivariate techniques,
Analysis of dependence, Analysis of interdependence.
Probability distributions: Introduction to Probability, Laws of Probability, Baye’s theorem,
Discrete and Continuous random variables, Binomial, Poisson distributions, Normal and Exponential
distributions - Simple problems, applications
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

20
 Unit V
Research Ethics and Intellectual Property: Ethics- Ethical issues, Ethical committees (human &
animal), Research ethics; IPR- Intellectual property rights and Patent law, Commercialization,
Copyright, Royalty, Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS); Scholarly
publishing- IMRAD concept and design of research paper, Citation and acknowledgement,
Plagiarism, Reproducibility and Accountability.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Text Book:
1. Kothari CR and Garg G. 2019. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Fourth
Edition, New Age International Publishers, ISBN (13): 978-81-224-2488-1.
2. Panneerselvam R. 2013. Research Methodology, Second Edition, Prentice Hall India Learning
Private Limited, ISBN (13): 978-8120349469.

Reference books:
1. Zikmund WG, Babin BJ, Carr JC and Griffin M. 2013. Business Research Methods, Ninth
Edition, Cengage India Private Limited, ISBN (13): 978-9353503260.
2. Wadhera BL. 2010. Law Relating to Intellectual Property: Patent, Trademarks, Designs and
Geographical Indication, Universal Law Publishing, ISBN: ISBN: 978-9350350300.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Understand the research methodology and define the problem for research.
2. Conduct literature review and apply the principles of research design.
3. Apply the knowledge of various sampling procedures and different methods of data collection
in research.
4. Apply multi-variate techniques and concepts of probability distributions to real-time situations
5. Apply ethics and concepts of intellectual property in the research process.

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz/project 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Assignment 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

21
 AEROSPACE STRUCTURES LAB
Course Code: MASL17 Credits: 0:0:1
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content

PART – A
1. Deflection of wing spar of various cross sections subjected to different loading conditions
2. Analyze the compression and buckling characteristics of a structural member of an aircraft
3. Deflection analysis of tension field beams (Wagner beam) under transverse loads
4. Determine the shear centre location of beam sections with open / closed cross-sections
5. Dynamic analysis of a typical wing section subjected to free / forced vibration

PART – B
1. Structural modeling of a sandwich beam of rectangular cross-section and analysis of stress
and strains
2. Structural modeling and stress analysis of a tapered I-section spar
3. Structural modeling and stress analysis of a torsion box of a wing structure
4. Structural modeling and stress analysis of a fuselage frame.
5. Determine the natural frequency and mode shapes of cantilever beams with various cross-
sections.

Scheme of Examination:
Exam Marks: 50 Duration: 3 Hours
Students per Batch in Examination – FIVE ONLY

Component Marks
Part A 20
Part B 20
Viva Voce 10
Total 50

Course Outcomes (COs):

Students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate the influence of different parameters related to deflection, buckling and
vibrational behavior of structural members (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Investigate the effect of cross-sectional variations on the shear centre location of beams
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Determine stresses, resonant frequencies and mode shapes of aircraft structural components
using finite element package (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

22
 AEROSPACE PROPULSION LAB

Course Code: MASL18 Credits: 0:0:1

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C. M.

Course Content

EXPERIMENTS
1. Identification of various parts and their functions of a Jet Engine
2. Estimation of propeller performance using a propeller test rig
3. Estimate the performance of a diffuser.
4. Evaluate the performance of cascade turbine blades
5. Analyse the flow behaviour through a nozzle
6. Determination of calorific value of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
7. Examine the components and working principle of a micro-gas turbine.
8. Evaluate the self-sustaining speed and performance characteristics of a micro-gas turbine
9. Measurement of micro-gas turbine engine characteristics at various rpm
10. Demonstrate stall and surge phenomena of a micro-gas turbine

Scheme of Examination:
Exam Marks: 50 Duration: 3 Hours
Students per Batch in Examination – FIVE ONLY

Component Marks
Part A 20
Part B 20
Viva Voce 10
Total 50

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Identify the components of a jet engine and estimate their performance (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Assess the properties of different fuels used in aviation (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Evaluate the propulsion characteristics of a micro-gas turbine (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

23
 SPACE MECHANICS

Course Code: MAS21 Credits: 4:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Space Flight: History of Space Flight & spacecraft technologies Difference
between space and atmosphere, upper atmosphere, Introduction to gravitation, Introduction to
basic orbital mechanics, types of Orbits (LEO, MEO, HEO, Geosynchronous and
Geostationary, Polar orbits), Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion. Simple problems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Rocket Propulsion: Space Mission, Types, Space Environment, Launch Vehicle Selection.
Introduction to rocket propulsion-fundamentals of solid propellant rockets, Fundamentals of liquid
propellant rockets, Rocket equation, Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, Concepts of Specific Impulse,
Staging of Rockets
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Fundamentals of Orbit Mechanics and Maneuvers: Two-body motion, Circular, elliptic,
hyperbolic, and parabolic orbits-Basic Orbital Elements, Ground trace In-Plane Orbit changes,
Hohmann Transfer, Bielliptical Transfer, Plane Changes, Combined Maneuvers, Propulsion for
Maneuvers
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Atmospheric Reentry: Introduction, General equation of motion for atmospheric reentry, Ballistic
Orbital Reentry, Skip Reentry, glide reentry, reentry corridor, reentry dynamics for ballistic reentry,
reentry heating, Lifting Body Reentry, Numerical Problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Satellite Attitude Dynamics: Torque free Axi-symmetric rigid body, Attitude Control for Spinning
Spacecraft, Attitude Control for Non-spinning Spacecraft, The Yo-Yo Mechanism, Gravity –
Gradient Satellite, Dual Spin Spacecraft, Attitude Determination
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Rocket Propulsion and Space Dynamics, J.W. Cornelisse, J.W. Freeman & Co., Ltd, 1982
2. Spaceflight Dynamics, W.E. Wiesel, McGraw Hill, 2nd edition, 2014
24
Reference books:
1. Fundamentals of Space Systems, Vincet L. Pisacane, Oxford University Press, 2005
2. Introduction to Flight, John D. Anderson, McGraw-Hill Education, 8th edition, 2015
3. Introduction to Space Flight, Pearson, 1993

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the student will be able to
1. Articulate the basic concepts of space flight and orbital motion of planets. (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Illustrate fundamental principles of rocket propulsion and solve rocket staging problems)
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Apply the knowledge of orbital mechanics to overcome orbital maneuvering obstacles (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
4. Comprehend the concepts of reentry vehicle dynamics and solve related problems (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
5. Assimilate the basic principles of satellite attitude dynamics to facilitate satellite reorientation
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE)- 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz/project 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Assignment 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

25
 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Course Code: MAS22 Credits: 4:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to CFD: Basic fluid dynamics equations, Equations in general orthogonal coordinate
system - Need for Parallel Computers in CFD algorithms - Models of flows - Substantial derivative,
Divergence of velocity - Continuity, Momentum, and Energy Equations -Derivation in various forms.
Integral versus Differential form of equations. Comments on governing equations - Physical boundary
conditions - Forms of equations especially suitable for CFD work - Shock capturing, and shock fitting.
Applications of CFD.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentations

Unit II
Mathematical Behaviour of PDE: Classification of Partial Differential equations - Cramer Rule and
Eigen value methods for classification - Hyperbolic, parabolic, and elliptic forms of equations. Case
studies: steady inviscid supersonic flow, unsteady inviscid flow, steady boundary layer flow, and
unsteady thermal conduction, steady subsonic inviscid flow.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Grid Generation and Assessment of Grid Quality: Need for grid generation. Various grid
generation techniques. Algebraic, conformal and numerical grid generation. importance of grid
control functions – boundary point control – orthogonality of grid lines at boundaries - Elliptic grid
generation using Laplace’s equations - Unstructured grids, Cartesian grids, hybrid grids, grid around
typical 2D and 3D geometries –Multi-blocking and Grid Interfaces – Adaptive Grids and Grid
movement –Assessment of grid quality and parameters to assess the quality – Adverse effects of poor
grid quality on numerical solution – Grid size distribution aspects on convergence of the solution
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Finite Volume Method and its Applications: Introduction to Finite Volume Method –Comparison
of Finite Difference Method and Finite Volume Method - Different Flux evaluation schemes such as
central, upwind and hybrid schemes –Artificial diffusion - Conditions for convergence - Staggered
grid approach - Pressure-Velocity coupling - SIMPLE, SIMPLER algorithms- pressure correction
equation (both incompressible and compressible forms) - Applications of Finite Volume Method.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

26
 Unit V
Applications of CFD in Industry: Turbulence modelling for viscous flows, verification and
validation of CFD code, application of CFD tools to 2D and 3D configurations - CFD for aerodynamic
heating analysis – Coupling of CFD code with heat conduction code, Unsteady flows – Oscillating
geometries, Computational aeroelasticity – Coupling of CFD with structural model – CFD software
development for aerospace applications- High performance computing for CFD applications.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Hirsch,A.A, “Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw-Hill, 1989
2. Sedat Biringen & Chuen-Yen Chow, “Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics by
Example”, Wiley publishers, 2nd edition, 2011
3. John D. Anderson, “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.

Reference books:
1. Wirz, HJ & Smeldern, JJ, “Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics”, Washington: Hemisphere
Pub. Corp., 1978.Aircraft dynamic Stability and Response, Babister, A. W, Pergamon Press
1980.
2. Bose. TK, “Numerical Fluid Dynamics”, Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
3. Chung. TJ, “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Analyze the governing principles of fluid flow as applied to CFD (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Comprehend the choice and use of Partial Differential Equations for describing fluid flow
phenomena (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Articulate grid generation concepts and employ the knowledge for quality grid generation (PO1,
PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Illustrate the concepts of Finite volume method and utilize it for CFD applications (PO-3, PO-
4, PO-5)
5. Apply CFD concepts for solving industry-relevant problems (PO-1, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

27
 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Course Code: MAS23 Credits: 4:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): History of Aviation, Overview of UAV,
Classification of UAV, Definitions and Terminology, Fundamentals of UAV, Fixed Wing UAV,
Drones.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentations

Unit II
Aerodynamics and Performance of UAVs: Basic Aerodynamics, Generation of Lift and Drag,
Types of Drag, Boundary Layer, Flapping Wings. Vertical Take off and Climb, climbing flight,
Range and Endurance for Propeller driven and jet engine aircraft, Gliding flight.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Stability and Control of UAVs: Overview of Stability concepts, Static Stability, Longitudinal
Stability, Lateral Stability, Dynamic Stability, Aerodynamic Control, Pitch Control, Lateral Control,
Autopilots and its principles.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Propulsion, Loads and Structures: Thrust generation, Powered lift, Sources of Power, Loads,
Dynamic Loads, Materials and Construction Techniques.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Launch and Recovery: Launch systems, Overview, Basic Considerations, UAV Launch method for
fixed wing vehicles, Vertical Take off and Landing UAV Launch. Recovery Systems overview,
Conventional Landings, Vertical Net systems, Parachute recovery, VTOL UAVs, Mid Air retrieval,
Shipboard recovery, Tradeoff Methods.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Paul Gerin Fahlstrom, Thomas James Gleason, “Introduction to UAV Systems”, Wiley
Publication, 4th edition, 2012.
2. Garvit Pandya, “Basics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Time to start working on Drone
Technology”, Notion Press, 2021.

28
Reference books:
1. Valavanis, Kimon P, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” Springer publishers, 2011
2. Landen Rosen, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle” Alpha Editions, 2015.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Illustrate the fundamental concepts as applicable to UAVs (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Comprehend the aerodynamic principles underlying UAVs and estimate the performance
parameters (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Articulate stability and control concepts as applicable to UAVs (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Explain the principles of thrust generation and structural construction in UAVs (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
5. Assimilate launch and recovery techniques for UAVs (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

29
 COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL AERODYNAMICS LAB

Course Code: MASL27 Credits: 0:0:1

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours:14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content

PART A
1. Calibration of Wind tunnel.
2. Calculation of Lift and Drag force for Symmetric/ Cambered airfoil using Surface pressure
distribution.
3. Force and moment measurement of various aerodynamic bodies using Wind tunnel balance.
4. Wake measurement behind aerodynamic body and calculation of drag using wake studies.
5. Flow visualization studies for aerodynamic bodies using various techniques.

PART B
1. Modeling of 2-dimensional Flow over Symmetrical airfoil, capturing of Pressure contours,
velocity contours and Cp graph.
2. Modeling of 2-dimensional Flow over Cambered airfoil, capturing of Pressure contours,
velocity contours and Cp graph.
3. Isentropic Flow Analysis in a 2-dimensional Subsonic Diffuser and a Subsonic Nozzle.
4. Isentropic Flow Analysis in a 2-dimensional Supersonic Diffuser and a Supersonic Nozzle.
5. Mesh Independence test for flow over a symmetric/ cambered airfoil.

Scheme of Examination:
Exam Marks: 50 Duration: 3 Hours
Students per Batch in Examination – FIVE ONLY

Component Marks
Part A 20
Part B 20
Viva Voce 10
Total 50

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the student will be able to
1. Calculate Aerodynamic forces and moments using surface pressure distribution and wind
tunnel Balance (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Visualize and illustrate flow over aerodynamic models (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Develop computational models and perform flow analysis on aerodynamic bodies (PO-1,
PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

30
 SPACE SIMULATION LABORATORY

Course Code: MASL28 Credits: 0:0:1

Prerequisite: Contact Hours: 14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Exploring Matrix and Vector operation using MATLAB.
2. MATLAB techniques for 2D and 3D data visualization.
3. Simulate and plot thrust required curves as a function of airspeed at different altitude using
MATLAB.
4. Simulate and plot thrust required curves as a function of airspeed at different altitude using
MATLAB.
5. Simulate and plot the glide angle and descent rate for various configuration using MATLAB.
6. Simulate and plot the take-off and landing distance of an aircraft using MATLAB.
7. Simulate and plot the flight envelope of an aircraft using MATLAB.
8. Simulate the effect of CG variation on stability using aerodynamic derivatives.
9. Simulate and plot the orbital plot for Hohmann orbit transfer for various initial and final radius
using MATLAB.
10. Simulate and plot the orbital plot for Bielliptic orbit transfer for various initial and final radius
using MATLAB.
11. Plot and compare the Hohmann vs Bielliptic transfer orbit for various configurations using
MATLAB.

Scheme of Examination:
Exam Marks: 50 Duration: 3 Hours
Students per Batch in Examination – FIVE ONLY

Component Marks
Part A 20
Part B 20
Viva Voce 10
Total 50

Suggested software: MATLAB

Text books:
1. Getting started with MATLAB: a quick introduction for scientists and engineers. Pratap, R.
Oxford University Press, Inc, (2009).
2. MATLAB for Mechanical Engineers, New Age International publishers, Rao Dukkipati, (2018)

31
Reference books:
1. Airplane Performance stability and Control, Perkins, C.D., and Hage, R.E, John Wiley , New
York, 1998.
2. Flight Stability and Automatic Control, Nelson, R.C, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2007.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the students will be able to:
1. Perform matrix and vector operations to visualize 2D and 3D data (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Simulate and plot aircraft performance metrics for various phases of operation (PO-1, PO-2,
PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Simulate and plot the path for intra/inter satellite orbital transfers (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

32
 INTERNSHIP/INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Course Code: MASI33 Credits: 0:0:4

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours:
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content

PREAMBLE
All aerospace engineering students would ultimately require ability to conduct research to
enable them find solutions to industrial problems. Therefore, practical exposure to typical industry
practices and procedures would be required for a student before graduation to perform well
professionally. In this connection Industrial Training / Internship can go a long way in helping the
students get actual exposure to an industrial environment.

Course Learning Objectives:

At the end of the internship / industrial training duration, student will be able to :
• Obtain required exposure to industry / research centers.
• Handle live problems in industry / research centers
• Develop basic managerial skills in taking up technical research / industry related problems.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the internship / industrial training duration, student will be able to
1. Acquire exposure to industry / research center practices and procedures (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
2. Comprehend and handle current problems in industry / research centers (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Develop basic managerial skills for taking up technical research / industry related problems
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal Evaluation 100 CO-1, CO-2 & CO-3

33
 PROJECT WORK – PHASE I
Course Code: MASP34 Credits: 0:0:4
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours:
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content

Workflow

During Phase I of the project, the student will be required to discuss prospective topics with the project
supervisor, conduct a thorough literature survey and formulate the research problem. The student is
expected to prepare and submit a report summarizing the available literature on the selected topic and
enumerate the project objectives. Further, the project objectives must be partially addressed by the
end of Phase I.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. Identify a pertinent project/ research topic in the aerospace field (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Perform literature review and formulate the problem statement (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Evolve a methodology to solve the problem formulated and effectively address the project
objectives and prepare a technical report (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Seminar – 1 50 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Seminar – II 50
Average of the two seminars will be considered for evaluation of 50 Marks
General Seminar - 50 Marks
General Seminar 50 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3

34
 PROJECT WORK – PHASE II
Course Code: MASP41 Credits: 0:0:2
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours:
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content

Preamble

During Phase II of the project, based on the formulated problem, numerical simulation / experimental
work will have to be performed followed by interpretation of the results. Finally, a comprehensive
project report shall be prepared by the student in bound form and the same to be submitted to the
department having obtained due approval by the project supervisor and the Head of the department.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. Apply the knowledge gained during the program for the execution of the project (PO-1, PO-2,
PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Justify the procedures employed and results obtained are in line with the project objectives
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Demonstrate that the objectives outlined in the project have been attained and prepare a
comprehensive technical report (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Seminar – I 50 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Seminar – II 50
Average of the two reviews will be considered for evaluation of 50 Marks
SEE Final Evaluation- 50 Marks
Final Evaluation (Internal and 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
External Guide)

35
 AERODYNAMICS

Course Code: MAS141 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Contents
Unit I
Introduction: Introduction to Basic Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics - Aerodynamic forces and
moments – Types of Flows - Mach Number regimes - Centre of pressure - Aerodynamic centre –
Governing equations – Bernoulli’s equation – Concept of Lift generation – Pressure Coefficient –
Airfoil Characteristics – Concept of Boundary layer
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Incompressible Flow: Velocity Potential and Stream function - Elementary flows – Uniform flow,
Source and sink flow, Doublet flow, vortex flow and their combination - Kutta Joukowski theorem –
Kutta Condition – Kelvins circulation theorem and starting vortex – Concept of flow over finite wing.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Compressible Flow: Introduction to Compressibility – Speed of Sound – Normal Shock and its
relation – Oblique Shock and its relation – Expansion Waves.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
High Speed Aerodynamics: Introduction to Transonic aerodynamics – Critical Mach number - Drag
divergence Mach number – Swept back wing – Area rule – Supercritical airfoil – Qualitative aspects
of Hypersonic flow - Newtonian theory – Lift and Drag of Wings at Hypersonic speed.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Experimental Aerodynamics: Introduction to Wind tunnel – Classifications – Pressure
Measurement – Velocity Measurement - Flow Visualization – Force and Moment Balance –
Introduction to Industrial aerodynamics.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Anderson, JD, “Fundamentals of Aerodynamics”, 6th Edition McGraw-Hill Book Co,2016.
2. Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, “Gas Dynamics” 7th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2021.
3. Stefano Discetti, Andrea Ianiro, “Experimental Aerodynamics” 1st edition, CRC Press, 2017

36
Reference books:
1. Anderson, J. D., Introduction to Flight, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill,2011.
2. E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter, “Aerodynamics for Engineering Students”, 7th Edition,
Butterworth Heinemann, 2016,

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Apply the fundamental principles of fluid flow to solve aerodynamic problems (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Analyze the characteristics of incompressible flow and solve related problems (PO-1, PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
3. Estimate the properties and analyze the characteristics of shock and expansion waves (PO-1,
PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Articulate the concepts of high-speed aerodynamics. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Infer the utility of experimental aerodynamics techniques (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

37
 SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION

Course Code: MAS142 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Accelerometer and its Measurements: Accelerometer and its properties, Analog accelerometer,
Digital Accelerometer, MEMS, Inertial frame to body frame conversion, Body to inertial frame
conversion, Fundamentals of attitude estimation
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
Gyroscope and its Measurements: V Gyroscope and its properties, gyro system, Gyro horizon,
Erection systems for Gyro Horizons- Direction gyro-direction indicator, Rate gyro-rate of turn and
slip indicator, Turn coordinator, Digital gyroscopes, MEMS, Ring Laser Gyro (RLG) and Fiber Optic
Gyroscope (FOG).
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit III
Compass Systems and GPS Measurements: Direct reading compass, magnetic heading reference
system-detector element, monitored gyroscope system, DGU, RMI, deviation compensator, IRNSS
and GPS.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit IV
Power Plant Instruments & Flight Data Recording: Pressure measurement, temperature
measurement, fuel quantity measurement, engine power and control instruments, exhaust gas
temperature, Engine fuel Indicators, engine vibration, monitoring and Flight Data Recording.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit V
Attitude Sensors: Spacecraft sensors – Types, -Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog, Resistive,
Capacitive, Inductive, Piezoelectric, Magneto strictive and Hall effect sensors - Static and Dynamic
Characteristics of Transducers, Electro optic sensors-Horizon sensor, Earth sensors, sun sensors, star
sensor.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

38
Text books:
1. Pallet, E.H.J. ―Aircraft Instruments & Integrated systems, Longman Scientific and Technical,
McGraw-Hill, 1992.
2. Murthy, D.V.S., ―Transducers and Measurements‖, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
3. Nagabhushana S. and Sudha L.K. ― Aircraft Instrumentation and Systems, I.K. International
publishing house PVT Ltd, 2010.

Reference books:
1. Doeblin. E. O, ―Measurement Systems Application and Design‖, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1999.
2. Myron Kyton, Walfred Fried, ‘Avionics Navigation Systems’, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition,
1997.

Course Learning Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Articulate the working principle, characteristics and applications of accelerometers (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze the characteristics of gyroscopes and enumerate their applications (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Illustrate the concepts of compass systems and explain the working of GPS (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
4. Identify and explain the working of powerplant and flight data instruments (PO-3, PO-4.
PO-5)
5. Assess the characteristics of attitude sensors and choose appropriate sensors for various
spacecraft applications (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 & CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

39
 AEROSPACE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Course Code: MAS143 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Mechanical behavior of engineering materials: Introduction to aerospace materials and their
classification, Linear and non-linear elastic properties- Stress and Strain Curves-Yielding and strain
Hardening, Toughness, Modulus of resilience, Bauschinger’s effect, Effect of notches, Testing and
flaw detection of materials and components, fatigue behavior of materials.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Non-ferrous materials in aircraft construction: Aluminium and its alloys: Types and
identification. Properties -Castings-Heat treatment processes –Surface treatments. Magnesium and its
alloys: Cast and Wrought Alloys-Aircraft application, features specification, fabrication problems,
Special treatments. Titanium and its alloys: Applications, machining, forming, welding and heat
treatment, Copper Alloys. Wood and fabric in aircraft construction and specifications- Glues, use of
glass, plastics & rubber in aircraft, modern ceramic materials, cermets, glass ceramic, production of
semi-fabricated forms.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Ferrous materials in aircraft construction: Steels: Plain and low carbon steels, various low alloy
steels, aircraft steel specifications, corrosion and heat-resistant steels, structural applications.
Maraging Steels: Properties and Applications. Super Alloys: Use -Nickel base- Cobalt base- Iron base
-Forging and Casting of Super alloys-Welding, Heat treatment.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Composites: Introduction to glass & carbon fiber composites. Carbon/Carbon composites,
Fabrication processes and its aerospace applications involved in ceramic matrix composites, metal
matrix composites, polymer composites, Introduction to nanocomposites and hierarchical composites
Material Testing: Corrosion, its detection and prevention. Protective finishes. Testing: Destructive
and non -destructive testing techniques including X-ray, ultrasonic, eddy current and acoustic
emission methods. Case studies highlighting applications of various NDT techniques
• Pedagogy/ Course Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Smart materials and applications: Introduction to smart materials. Concepts and examples of smart
systems and structures. Properties and mechanism of piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys,
electro-rheological/magnetorheological fluids. Applications of smart materials as sensors and
actuators. Vibration control. Structural health monitoring.
40
 • Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Titterton G F, Aircraft Material and Processes, 5th Edition-reprint, Himalayan Books, 2015.
2. H Buhl, Advanced Aerospace Materials, Springer, 1992.
3. A.V. Srinivasan, D. M. McFarland, Smart Structures, Analysis and Design, Cambridge
University Press, 2002.
4. R.F. Gibson, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2012.

Reference books:
1. J.W. Martin, Engineering Materials, Their properties and Applications, Wykeham
2. Publications (London) Ltd., 1987.
3. N. Prasad, R.J.H. Wanhill, Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, Indian Institute of
Metals Series, 2017.
4. Sam Zhang, Aerospace Materials Handbook (Advances in Materials Science and Engineering),
1st Edition, 2016.
5. P. Gaudenzi, Smart Structures: Physical behavior, mathematical modeling and applications,
Wiley, 2009

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Articulate the concepts of mechanical behavior of materials and outline material requirements
for aerospace applications (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Identify the types, properties, processes and applications of non-ferrous materials in aerospace
engineering (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Enumerate the properties and applications of various ferrous materials in aerospace engineering
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Outline key characteristics, associated fabrication processes and test methods of composite
materials for aerospace applications (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Elucidate the concepts of smart materials and their applications in aerospace engineering
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

41
 COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER FOR
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Course Code: MAS144 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction: Finite Difference Method -Taylor’s series expansion-Discretization Methods-
Forward, backward and central differencing scheme for first order and second order Derivatives -
Types of partial differential equations-Types of errors-Solution to algebraic equation - Direct Method
and Indirect Method-Types of boundary condition-FDM - FEM -FVM
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Governing Equations: Governing Equations in fluid flows-Continuity, momentum and energy
equation-turbulence model, governing equations in conductive heat transfer-Cartesian, cylindrical
and spherical co-ordinate, Governing equations convective- Force and free convection and
radioactive heat transfer
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Finite Difference Formulation for Conductive Heat Transfer: General 3D-heat conduction
equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Computation (FDM) of One –
dimensional steady state heat conduction –with Heat generation without Heat generation- 2D-heat
conduction problem with different boundary conditions- Numerical treatment for extended surfaces-
Numerical treatment for 3D- Heat conduction- Numerical treatment to 1D-steady heat conduction
using FEM. Introduction to Implicit, explicit Schemes and crank- Nicolson Schemes
Computation(FDM) of One dimensional un-steady heat conduction –with heat Generation-without
Heat generation - 2D-transient heat conduction problem with different boundary conditions using
Implicit, explicit Schemes-Importance of Courant number
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
FDF for Convective Radiative Heat Transfer: Convection- Numerical treatment (FDM) of steady
and unsteady 1-D and 2-d heat convection diffusion steady-unsteady problems- Computation of
thermal and Velocity boundary layer flows. Upwind scheme-Stream function-vorticity approach-
Creeping flow. Radiation fundamentals-Shape factor calculation-Radiosity method- Absorption
Method - Montecarlo method-Introduction to Finite Volume Method- Numerical treatment of
radiation enclosures using finite Volume method. Developing a numerical code for 1D, 2D heat
transfer problems.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

42
 Unit V
Numerical Approach For Radiative Heat Transfer: Introduction, Addition and Subtraction of Two
Matrices, Program for Solving M × N Matrix, 5 Jacobi’s Iterative Method for Solving Matrix, Coding
for One-Dimensional Heat Condition in a Slab with Temperature Specified Boundary Condition,
Coding for Transient Heat Condition in a Slab with Temperature Specified Boundary Condition using
any one of the programming languages namely C, C++, MATLAB and Python.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Holman,JP, “Heat Transfer”, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc., McGraw-Hill College; 8th / Disk
edition,1997
2. John H. Lienhard, “A Heat Transfer”, Text Book, Dover Publications, 4th edition,2013
3. Chung,TJ, “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, Cambridge University Press,2002

Reference books:
1. Sachdeva,SC, “Fundamentals of Engineering Heat & Mass Transfer”, New age publisher, 4th
edition Internationals,2017..
2. Richard H. Pletcher, John C. Tannehill& Dale Anderson, “Computational Fluid Mechanics and
Heat Transfer”, 3rd edition, CRC Press,2012.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Comprehend the required foundational mathematical concepts and solve related problems
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze the concepts and characteristics of governing equations and examine their use to solve
heat transfer problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Apply finite difference method to formulate conductive heat transfer problems and determine
solutions (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Employ finite difference and finite volume methods to solve convective and radiative heat
transfer problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Comprehend the basic concepts of numerical techniques as applicable to radiative heat transfer
and solve related problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
43
 FLIGHT MECHANICS

Course Code: MAS151 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Steady, Level and Climbing Flight: Introduction, four forces of flight, General equation of motion
for steady level and climb flight, Thrust required curves and Power required curves, Altitude effects,
Rate of climb, climb performance graph (hodograph diagram); Absolute ceiling, Service ceiling,
Time to climb, climb Gliding flight, sink rate.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Flight Performance Metrics: Range for piston and jet engine aircraft, Endurance for piston and jet
engine aircraft, Take off performance and landing performance, v-n diagram.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Longitudinal Static Stability: Introduction to stability, Types of stability, Longitudinal static
stability, stability criteria, Contribution of airframe components: Wing contribution, Tail
contribution, Fuselage contribution, Power effects- Propeller airplane and Jet airplane.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Longitudinal Control-Stick fixed: Introduction, Trim condition. Static margin. stick fixed neutral
points. Longitudinal control, Elevator power, Elevator angle versus equilibrium lift coefficient,
Elevator required for landing, Restriction on forward C.G. range
Longitudinal Control-Stick free: Introduction, Hinge moment parameters, Control surface floating
characteristics and aerodynamic balance, Estimation of hinge moment parameters, Stick-free Neutral
point.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Directional static stability and control: Introduction, stability criteria, Contribution of airframe
components: Tail contribution, swept back wing contribution, Engine contribution, One engine
inoperative condition, Weather cocking effect, Directional control, Rudder lock,
Lateral static stability and control: Introduction, Stability criteria, Effect of wing sweep, flaps, and
power., Dihedral Effect, Lateral control, Coupling between rolling and yawing moments. Adverse
yaw effects. Aileron reversal.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

44
Text books:
1. Airplane Performance stability and Control, Perkins, C.D., and Hage, R.E, John Wiley , New
York, 1998.
2. Flight Stability and Automatic Control, Nelson, R.C, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2007.
3. Airplane performance & design, John D. Anderson, Jr, McGraw-Hill, Aerospace Science
Technology Editions, 2000.

Reference books:
1. Introduction to flight, John D. Anderson, Jr, McGraw-Hill, Aerospace Science Technology
Editions, 2000.
2. The Principles of the Control and Stability of Aircraft, W.J. Duncan, Cambridge University
Press, 2016.

Course Outcomes (COs):

After completing this course, students will be in
1. Analyze aircraft performance characteristics for steady flight(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Understand and analyze aircraft performance parameters for maneuvering flight (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Articulate aircraft stability criteria and assess contribution of aircraft components towards
attaining stability (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Employ stick-fixed and stick-free methods to estimate the longitudinal control of an aircraft
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Illustrate the concepts and control mechanisms for lateral-directional static stability. (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

45
 AEROACOUSTICS
Course Code: MAS152 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Fundamental Principles: Introduction to basic concepts in acoustics, Quantification of sound, Wave
like solutions of acoustic equations, Superposition of elementary flows, Sound radiation by pulsating
sphere, Oscillating piston in a baffle, Scattering by a solid sphere, Sommerfeld Radiation condition
in exterior acoustics, Source distribution in unbounded regions, Radiation field, Energy relations,
moving sound source.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Aerodynamic Sound Phenomenon: Introduction, Kovasznay’s modal decomposition, sound
sources – monopole, dipole and quadrupole, Lighthill’s acoustic analogy, Solution to Lighthill’s
theory when no solid boundaries are present, Application to turbulent flows, Physics of Jet noise
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Effect of Solid Boundaries: Introduction, Derivation of fundamental equation, Ffowcs Williams –
Hawkings equation, Calculation of Aerodynamic forces, Application of Ffowcs Williams – Hawkings
equation, Flows with sound field determined by Green’s Function equations tailored to the geometry.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Acoustic Testing and Instrumentation: Aeroacoustic wind tunnels, Wind tunnel acoustic
corrections, Sound measurement, Sound pressure level and sound power level, Decibels, Aweighting,
Octave bands, Sound level meter, Measurement of turbulent pressure fluctuations, Velocity
measurement, Limitations of measured data, Uncertainty, Fourier transforms, Time spectra and
correlations.
• Pedagogy/ Course: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Jet Noise: Characteristics of Supersonic Jet Noise, Turbulent mixing noise, Broadband shock
associated noise, Screech tones, Shock Cell structure of Supersonic Jets, Phased point-source array
model, Acoustically excited Jets, Jet noise reduction techniques.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

46
Text books:
1. M.E. Goldstein “Aeroacoustics”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1976.
2. T.J. Mueller, “Aeroacoustic Measuremets”, Springer Nature, 2002.
3. L.E. Kinsler, A.R. Frey, A.B. Coppens and J. V. Sanders. “Fundamentals of Acoustics”, Wiley
Publishers, 2000

Reference books:
1. P. M. Morse K. U. Ingard , “Theoretical Acoustics”, Princeton University Press, 1986.
2. Ann P. Dowling and John E. Ffowcs Williams, “Sound and Sources of Sound”, Ellis Horwood
Publishers, 1983
3. Parviz Moin, “Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis”, Cambridge University
Press, 2010.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. Articulate the fundamental concepts of acoustics, quantification of sound and solve related
problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Apply the concepts of aerodynamic sound phenomenon and its application to turbulent flows
to solve numerical problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Comprehend the fundamentals principles related to interaction of sound waves with solid
boundaries and solve related numerical problems using relevant equations (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Identify and explain various techniques employed in acoustic testing and instrumentation
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Analyze the characteristics of jet noise and identify techniques for its reduction (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz / Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

47
 GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION AND CONTROL
Course Code: MAS153 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction: Need for Navigation, Guidance, & Control (NGC) subsystems - Position Fixing –
Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) - Geometric concepts of Navigation - Different
Coordinate Reference Systems – Coordinates Transformation Techniques
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
Attitude Sensors and Control Actuators: Orbit sensors - Attitude sensors - Inertial sensors -
Electro-optical sensors - Altimeters – Reaction Wheels - Magnetic Torquers - Thrusters - Star
Trackers - Magnetometers - Sun Sensors.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Inertial Navigation Systems and GPS : Basic Principles of Inertial Navigation – Types - Platform
and Strap down - Mechanization INS system GPS overview – Concept – GPS Signal – Signal
Structure- GPS data – DGPS Concepts - LAAS & WAAS Technology – Hybrid Navigation – Case
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit IV
Relative Navigation Systems: Relative Navigation – fundamentals – Equations of Relative Motion
for circular orbits (Clohessy Wiltshire Equations) – Rendezvous& Docking - Sensors for Rendezvous
Navigation - Relative Satellite Navigation - Differential GPS - Relative GPS
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit V
Attitude Dynamics and Stabilization Schemes: Rigid Body Dynamics - Flexible body Dynamics -
Slosh Dynamics - Drag - Pressure Spin - Dual spin - Gravity gradient - Zero momentum system -
Momentum Biased system - Reaction control system - Single and Multiple Impulse orbit Adjustment
- Hohmann Transfer – Introduction to Digital Fly-by-wire control - Modern spacecraft GNC
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

48
Text books:
1. Slater, J.M. Donnel, C.F.O and others, “Inertial Navigation Analysis and Design”, McGraw-
Hill Book Company, New York, 1964.
2. Albert D. Helfrick, ‘Modern Aviation Electronics’, Second Edition, Prentice Hall Career
&Technology,1994
3. George M Siouris, ‘Aerospace Avionics System; A Modern Synthesis’, Academic Press Inc.,
1993.

Reference books:
1. Maxwell Noton, ”Spacecraft navigation and guidance”, Springer (London, New York), 1998.
2. Myron Kyton, Walfred Fried, ‘Avionics Navigation Systems’, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
3. Collinson R.P.G, ‘Introduction to Avionics’, Chapman and Hall, India, 1996.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. Comprehend the basic concepts of guidance, navigation and control systems as applicable to
air vehicles (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze the working principles and enumerate the applications of attitude sensors and
actuators (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Understand and explain the working of Inertial navigation and GPS systems used in Space
systems. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Examine and illustrate the working of relative navigation systems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Describe the concepts of attitude dynamics stabilization schemes and solve related problems.
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

49
 ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Course Code: MAS154 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Physics of Ionized Gas: Atomic structure of gases - Ionization processes - Particle collisions in an
ionized gas Electrical conductivity of an ionized gas - Kinetic Theory – Application of ionized gas
flows. Particle collision in ionized gas-Electron Atom collision, Electron ion collision, Electron –
Electron and ion-Ion collision, Atom-Atom collision and ion atom collision.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Basic Physics of Electric Propulsion: Historical outline - Definition of Electric Propulsion - High
impulse Space Missions - Exhaust velocity and specific impulse - Power supply penalty – Electric
charges and Electrostatic fields Currents and Magnetic interactions - Time dependent fields and
Electromagnetic wave propagation
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Electro Thermal Acceleration: One dimensional model - Enthalpy of high temperature gases - Frozen
flow efficiency – Resistojets - Electrical discharges - Arc jets - Operation and Analysis - Materials -
advantages and Disadvantages
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Electrostatic Acceleration: One dimensional space-charge flows - Basic relationships - The
acceleration- deceleration concept - Ion engines - Design and Performance - Hall effect – Hall
thrusters - Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) - Colloid thrusters
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Electromagnetic Acceleration: The Lorentz force – Magneto gas dynamic channel flow - Ideal steady
flow acceleration – Thermal and viscous losses - Geometry considerations - Self-induced fields -
Sources of the conducting gas - The magneto plasma dynamic arc - Magneto- plasma dynamic (MPD)
thrusters - Pulsed plasma acceleration - Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPT) - Quasi steady acceleration -
Pulsed inductive acceleration - Travelling wave acceleration, Circuit analysis of pulsed acceleration,
coaxial guns and punched acceleration.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

50
Text books:
1. George W. Sutton, “Engineering Magnetohydrodynamics”, Dover Publications Inc., New
York,2006.
2. Robert G. Jahn, “Physics of Electric Propulsion”, Dover Publications,2012.
3. Sutton,GP “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 9th Edition,
2016.

Reference books:
1. Dan Goebel, Ira Katz, Ioannis G Mikellides ” Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion”, 2nd edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
2. Martin J L Turner, “Rocket And Spacecraft Propulsion”, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2009.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. Comprehend and explain the physical principles of ionization processes and particle collisions in ionized
gases (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze the working principles of electric propulsion systems and highlight their advantages /
shortcomings (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Examine concepts of electro thermal acceleration including resist jets and arc jets. (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
4. Explain electrostatic acceleration mechanisms and related concepts (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Discuss and describe electromagnetic acceleration principles and related concepts. (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

51
 BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

Course Code: MAS241 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Viscous Flow and Its Governing Equations: Governing equations of viscous flow - Conservation
of mass, momentum and energy equations- Stokes hypothesis - Navier-Stokes equations -
Mathematical character of the governing equations-similarity parameters in viscous flow –
dimensional analysis of governing equations implementation of boundary conditions - vorticity in
viscous flow –introduction to creeping flow and boundary layer flow
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Viscous Flow Equations and its Solution Methods: Solutions of viscous flows such as Couette
flows, Hagen-Poisuelle flow and Flow between rotating concentric cylinders- Solution of Combined
Couette-Poiseuille Flow between parallel plates-Analysis of Creeping motion and Stokes solution for
an immersed sphere-Shear layers in practical engineering problems – Definitions of Displacement
thickness, momentum and energy thickness of a boundary layer
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos.

Unit III
Introductory Analysis of Laminar Boundary Layer: Hierarchy of boundary layer equations –
Solution of Prandtl’s boundary layer equations -flow over a flat plate and Flat plate Integral analysis
of Karman and Integral analysis of energy equation -similarity solutions, Blasius solution for flat-
plate flow– boundary layer over a curved body-Flow separation- Falkner–Skan wedge flows,
Boundary layer temperature profiles for constant plate temperature –Reynold’s analogy - Integral
equation of Boundary layer – Pohlhausen method – Thermal boundary layer calculations.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Fundamental Aspects of Turbulent Boundary Layer: Nature of Turbulence and how to account
for turbulence effect-Two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer equations –– Velocity profiles – The
law of the wall – The law of the wake – Turbulent flow in pipes and channels – Turbulent boundary
layer on a flat plate – Boundary layers with pressure gradient – Fundamentals of turbulence modelling
– Concepts of Eddy Viscosity, mixing length –Classification of Turbulence models
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos.

Unit V
Control Methods for Boundary Layer: Practical control methods for laminar boundary layer -
Motion of the solid wall-Acceleration of the boundary layer-Injection of mass and momentum in
boundary layer - Suction- Injection of different gas-Prevention and delay of transition-Cooling of the
52
wall-Boundary layer suction- Injection of a different gas – Introduction to moving and chemically
reacting boundary layers and their control.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Schlicting, H., “Boundary Layer Theory”, McGraw-Hill, 7th Edition, 2014.
2. Reynolds, A, J., “Turbulent Flows Engineering”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1988.
3. White, F. M., “Viscous Fluid Flow”, McGraw-Hill,3rd Edition, 2005.

Reference books:
1. White, F. M., “Viscous Fluid Flow”, McGraw-Hill,3rd Edition, 2005.
2. Anderson, J. D., Introduction to Flight, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill,2011.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the students will be able to
1. Interpret various mathematical expressions and apply in a suitable problem. (PO-1, PO-2)
2. Analyze the solution using various methods for viscous flow problems. (PO-1, PO-3)
3. Describe Laminar boundary layer and demonstrate its properties. (PO-1, PO-3)
4. Illustrate the Turbulent boundary layer and exhibit its properties. (PO-1, PO-3)
5. Solve various methos to obtain the methods to control boundary layer. (PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

53
 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
Course Code: MAS242 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Vibrations: Basic concepts and terminology, degrees of freedom, types of vibration,
spring, mass & damping elements, free vibration of a single degree of freedom system, harmonic
motion, effect of damping, different types of damping, free vibration of a torsional system
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Forced Vibration of a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) System: Harmonic excitation, response
of a undamped SDOF system under harmonic force, response of a damped SDOF system under
periodic force, base excitation, transmitted force, response of a system under rotating unbalance,
convolution integral, impulse response, examples
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Two Degree of Freedom System: Introduction, examples, modelling, governing equations of
motion, free vibration analysis of translational and torsional systems, frequency response curves,
resonance, coordinate coupling and principal coordinates, principal modes of vibration, orthogonality
of mode shapes, effect of damping
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Multi Degree of Freedom System: System equations in matrix form, use of Lagrange’s equations,
generalized coordinates, influence coefficients, eigenvalue problem, natural frequencies,
orthogonality of normal modes, matrix iteration method, Rayleigh method, Holzer method
• Pedagogy/ Course Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Vibration Of Continuous Systems: Transverse vibrations of a cable, axial vibrations of a bar,
torsional vibrations of a shaft, lateral beam vibration, membrane vibration, Rayleigh’s method,
Rayleigh-ritz method, Beams with concentrated loads, natural frequencies and mode shapes
• Pedagogy/ Course Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. S.S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. L. Meirovitch, Elements of Vibration Analysis, McGraw Hill, 2007.

54
Reference books:
1. W. T. Thomson, M. D. Dahleh, Theory of Vibration with Application, 5th Edition Prentice Hall
publishers, 2008.
2. G.K. Grover, Mechanical Vibrations, 8th Edition, Nem Chand Brothers, 2009.
3. W. Weaver, S.P. Timoshenko, D. H. Young, Vibration Problems in Engineering, John Wiley
and Sons, 2007.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the students will be able to
1. Illustrate foundational concepts of vibration and develop mathematical models for given
physical systems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Solve numerical problems on single degree of freedom systems subjected to forced vibration
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Apply the governing equations for two degree of freedom systems to analyze mode shapes
and natural frequencies (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Analyze the vibration characteristics of multi degree of freedom systems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Evaluate continuous systems to determine the natural frequency and mode shapes (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

55
 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Course Code: MAS243 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Finite Element Analysis: General description of the method, engineering
applications, discretization of domain – basic element types, discretization process, node numbering.
Concepts of Potential energy method, Rayliegh-Ritz method, Galerkin Method and Displacement
method of finite element formulation.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Introduction to the Stiffness (Displacement) Method: One-Dimensional Elements- Bars and
Trusses, 2-D elements- triangle element, quad element, axi-symmetric element and higher order
elements (shape function), 3-D element – tetrahedral element
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Beams: Boundary conditions, Load vector, Hermite shape functions, Beam stiffness, Numerical
problems with different loads and boundary conditions
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Heat Transfer: Basic equations of heat transfer: Energy balance equation, Rate equation:
conduction, convection, radiation, 1-D finite element formulation, Numerical problems
• Pedagogy/ Course Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Dynamic Considerations: Formulation for point mass and distributed masses, Consistent element
mass matrix of one-dimensional bar element, truss element, triangular element, beam element.
Lumped mass matrix of bar element, truss element, Evaluation of eigen values and eigen vectors.
Applications to bars and beams.
• Pedagogy/ Course Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. S. S. Rao, The Finite Element Method in Engineering, 4th Edition, Elsevier Butterworth–
Heinemann, 2005
2. Daryl L. Logan, A first course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition, Cengage Learning,
2015.

56
Reference books:
1. K.J. Bathe, E.L. Wilson, Numerical Methods in Finite Elements Analysis, Prentice Hall of
India, 1996.
2. J. N. Reddy, Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education,
2019.
3. Robert D Cook, David S Malkus, Michael E Plesha, Concepts and Applications of Finite
Element Analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the students will be able to:
1. Comprehend the foundational concepts of finite element analysis (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze bars and trusses using finite element formulation (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Apply finite element concepts to solve beam problems with different loading and boundary
conditions (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Employ finite element approach to solve heat transfer problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Apply finite element principles to evaluate structural vibrational problems (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

57
 HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS
Course Code: MAS244 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Hypersonic Aerodynamics: Importance of Hypersonic flow - Peculiarities of
Hypersonic flows – Thin shock layers – entropy layers – viscous Interactions - High temperature
flows – low density and high-density flows – hypersonic flight similarity parameters – shock wave
and expansion wave relations of inviscid hypersonic flows – velocity vs altitude map for hypersonic
vehicles
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
Surface Inclination Methods for Hypersonic Inviscid Flows: Local surface inclination methods –
modified Newtonian Law – Newtonian theory – centrifugal force corrections to Newtonian theory -
tangent wedge tangent cone and shock expansion methods – Calculation of surface flow properties –
practical application of surface inclination methods – hypersonic independence principle.
● Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit III
Approximate Methods for Inviscid Hypersonic Flows: Assumptions in approximate methods
hypersonic small disturbance equation and theory – Maslen’s theory– blast wave theory – hypersonic
equivalence principle- entropy effects – rotational method of characteristics – hypersonic shock wave
shapes and correlations
● Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit IV
Viscous Hypersonic Flow Theory: Peculiarities of hypersonic boundary layers – boundary layer
equations – hypersonic boundary layer theory – Self similar solutions – Flat plate case; Non similar
hypersonic boundary layers – Local similarity method and finite difference method – hypersonic
aerodynamic heating and entropy layers effects on aerodynamic heating.
● Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation
Unit V
Viscous Interactions and Transition: Strong and weak viscous interactions – hypersonic
shockwaves and boundary layer interactions – Parameters affecting hypersonic boundary layer
transition – Estimation of hypersonic boundary layer transition- Role of similarity parameter for
laminar viscous interactions in hypersonic viscous flow.
● Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

58
Text books:
1. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air Breathing propulsion, AIAA Education
Series, 1994.
2. Anderson, JD, “Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics”, AIAA Education
Series,2nd edition, 2006.

Reference books:
1. Anderson, JD, “Modern compressible flow: with Historical Perspective”, McGraw Hill
Education, 3rd edition, 2017
2. John T. Bertin, Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, AIAA Education Series, 1993

Course Outcomes (COs):

After completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Interpret the hypersonic flow and differentiate with other flows. (PO-1, PO-3)
2. Evaluate Surface flow properties of hypersonic flow using inclination methods. (PO-2, PO-3)
3. Use appropriate theory applicable in hypersonic flow and its problems. (PO-1, PO-2)
4. Demonstrate the viscous theories of hypersonic flow and apply it based on flow nature.
(PO-1, PO-3)
5. Visualize the viscous interactions of hypersonic flow and estimate the transition of boundary
layers. (PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 & CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

59
 FLIGHT TESTING

Course Code: MAS251 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction To Flight Testing: Sequence, Planning and governing regulations of flight testing.
flight testing tolerances. Method of reducing data uncertainty in flight test data -sources and
magnitudes of error, avoiding and minimizing errors.
Flight test instrumentation: Planning flight test instrumentation, Measurement of flight parameters.
Onboard and ground based data acquisition system.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Flight Testing – Performance: Aircraft weight and Calculation of CG, Cruise Experiment, Drag
Polar Experiment, Rate of climb Experiment, Estimation of Take-off and landing distance –methods.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Longitudinal Stability Test: Static & dynamic longitudinal stability: - methods of flight testing and
data reduction techniques. Estimation of Stick-Fixed Neutral Point, Estimation of Stick-free Neutral
Point, Stick-Free Maneuvering Point,
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Lateral and Directional Stability Test: Lateral and directional static & dynamic stability: -
Coupling between rolling and yawing moments, Lateral-Directional Stability Test, Steady
Coordinated Turn.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Flying Qualities : Flying qualities: MIL and FAR regulations. Cooper-Harper scale. Pilot
Rating. Flight test procedures.
Hazardous flight testing: Stall and spin- regulations, test and recovery techniques. Test techniques
for flutter, vibration and buffeting.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools:, Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Flight Testing of Fixed Wing Aircraft, Ralph D Kimberlin, AIAA educational Series, 2003
2. Flight Testing- Conventional and Jet Propelled Airplanes, Benson Hamlin, Mac Millan, 1946.

60
Reference books:
1. Flight Test Manual, AGARD,
2. Small Unmanned fixed-wing Aircraft Design, A.J. Keane, A. Sobester, Wiley, 2017.
3. Flight Performance of Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft, A. Filippone, AIAA Series, 2006.

Course Learning Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Outline the planning, regulations, and instrumentation requirements with respect to flight
testing (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Illustrate flight performance parameter evaluation procedures (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Articulate methods for evaluation of aircraft longitudinal stability metrics (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Estimate aircraft lateral and directional stability metrics (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Comprehend regulatory requirements and standard operational procedures to be followed
during hazardous flying conditions (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

61
 DYNAMICS STABILITY AND AUGMENTATION
Course Code: MAS252 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction To Dynamic Stability: Introduction to dynamic stability, Spring mass damper system,
Aircraft Rigid Body Equation of Motion, longitudinal dynamic stability, Small Perturbation Theory
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit II
Longitudinal Dynamic Stability Derivatives: Derivatives due to change in forward speed,
Derivatives due to the pitching velocity, Derivatives due to the time rate of change of angle of attack,
Derivatives due to rolling rate, Derivatives due to yawing rate.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit III
Modes Of Longitudinal Dynamics: Longitudinal Characteristic Equation, Routh's Criteria and
Longitudinal Dynamic Stability, Longitudinal Modes: Short Period and Phugoid, Short period Mode
Approximation, Long Period Mode (Phugoid) Approximation
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit IV
Lateral Directional Stability: Introduction to Lateral Directional Stability, Perturbed Equation of
Motion for Lateral Directional Dynamics, Lateral Directional Stability Derivatives, Spiral and Dutch
Roll modes approximation.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Unit V
Stability Augmentation: Introduction to Stability Augmentation, SAS for Longitudinal Dynamics,
SAS for Lateral directional Dynamics, Flight Handling Qualities.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, PowerPoint presentation

Text books:
1. Airplane Performance stability and Control, Perkins, C.D., and Hage, R.E, John Wiley, New
York, 1998.
2. Flight Stability and Automatic Control, Nelson, R.C, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2007.

62
Reference books:
1. Introduction to flight, John D. Anderson, Jr, McGraw-Hill, Aerospace Science Technology
Editions, 2000.
2. The Principles of the Control and Stability of Aircraft, W.J. Duncan, Cambridge University
Press, 2016.

Course Learning Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Formulate aircraft rigid body equation of motion (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze aircraft longitudinal dynamic stability by evaluating the aerodynamic derivatives
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Illustrate the concepts of longitudinal dynamic modes during flight (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Assess aircraft lateral directional dynamic stability by evaluating the aerodynamic derivatives
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Discuss systems and techniques to augment aircraft stability (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Assignment 10 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3
Quiz 10 CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

63
 THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS
Course Code: MAS253 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Energy principles and variational methods: Theory of plates: Kinematics of plates, Variational
formulations of plate problems, Governing equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions,
Thermal stresses in plates.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation.

Unit II
Bending of simply supported rectangular plates: Navier’s solutions, Levy’s solutions; Bending of
rectangular plates with various edge conditions; Bending of circular plates; Bending of plates of
various shapes.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Plates on elastic foundations; Buckling of plates; Post buckling behavior of plates; Vibration of
plates; Introduction to the nonlinear analysis of plates.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Theories of shells: Kinematics of shells, Approximate theories of shells (Donnel’s theory, Love’s
theory, Sander’s theory etc.), Analytical solutions of singly-curve and doubly-curve shells, Thermal
stresses in shells.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Buckling and Vibrations of Shells: The membrane theory of shells; The moment theory of shells;
Buckling of shells; Vibration of shells; Introduction to the nonlinear analysis of shells.
• Pedagogy/ Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. S. Timoshenko, S. K. Woinowsky, Theory of Plates and Shells, McGraw-Hill International,
2007.
2. J. N. Reddy, Theory and Analysis of Elastic Plates and Shells, CRC Press, 2006.

64
Reference books:
1. E. Ventsel and T. Krauthammer, Thin Plates and Shells, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2001.
2. A. Ugural, Stresses in Plates and Shells, McGraw Hill, 1999.
3. 3.P. L. Gould, Analysis of Shells and Plates, Springer-Verlag, 1988.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Apply key concepts of theory of plates to analyze plates (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Analyze plates of different shapes and boundary conditions subjected to bending loads (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
3. Assess the behavior of plates under buckling and vibratory loads (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Apply the basic concepts to solve problems on shells. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Analyze the behavior of shells under buckling and vibratory loads (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1 &CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Assignment 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

65
 SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Course Code: MAS254 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Systems Engineering: Overview-Systems Definition and Concepts-Conceptual
System Design- System Engineering Process- Everyday examples of systems-Spacecraft systems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Design and Development Process: Product Life Cycle –Concept Phase-Definition Phase-Design
Phase- Build, Test, Operate and Disposal Phase-Whole Life Cycle Tasks-Systems Analysis- Design
Drivers in the Project, Product, Operating Environment-Interfaces with the Subsystems. .
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
System Architectures and Integration: Systems Architectures - Modeling and Trade-Offs-
Evolution of Avionics Architectures – Redundancy - Systems Integration Definition- Examples of
Systems Integration-Integration Skills - Management of Systems Integration.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Practical Considerations and Configuration Control: Stake holders-Communications-Criticism-
Configuration Control Process - Risk Management - Varying Systems Configurations- Compatibility-
Factors Affecting Compatibility – Systems Evolution Considerations and Integration of Spacecraft
Systems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Systems Reliability and Maintainability: Systems and Components-Analysis-Influence,
Economics, Design for Reliability- Availability – Fault and Failure Analysis, FTA, FMEA - Case
Study-Maintenance Types Program-Planning and Design. .
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. Andrew P. Sage, James E., Jr. Armstrong, "Introduction to Systems Engineering (Wiley Series
in Systems Engineering and Management)”, 2000.
2. Aslaksen, Erik and Rod Belcher, “Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 1992.

66
Reference books:
1. Peter.Sydenham , “Systems Approach to Engineering”, Artech house, Inc, London, 2004.
2. INCOSE, “Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and
Activities”, Fifth Edition, Wiley, 2023.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Interpret the importance of systems engineering and different processes involved in systems
engineering. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Distinguish the different phases of development process and discuss different factors affecting
development process. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Select a suitable avionics architecture for system integration based on design requirements.
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Design a compatible system by analyzing the different factors affecting the compatibility.
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Examine the importance of reliability and differentiate methods of analyzing fault and failures
to provide system maintenance (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2 , CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

67
 MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Course Code: MAS261 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction To Composite Materials: Introduction, classification and characteristics, mechanical
behavior of composites, basic terminology of laminated composites, manufacture of composites,
advantages and applications of composites.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Macromechanical Behavior of a Lamina: Stress-strain relations for anisotropic materials,
stiffnesses, compliances and engineering constants for orthotropic materials, restrictions on
engineering constants, stress-strain relations for plane stress in an orthotropic material, stress-strain
relations for a lamina of arbitrary orientation, invariant properties of an orthotropic lamina, strengths
of an orthotropic lamina, Failure criterion – Maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu
failure criteria. Numerical problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Micromechanical Behavior of a Lamina: Mechanics of materials approach for stiffness-
determination of elastic constants. Elasticity approach to stiffness – Bounding techniques of elasticity,
exact solutions, elasticity solution with contiguity, Halpin-Tsai equations, Mechanics of materials
approach to strength – strength estimates. Numerical problems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Macromechanical Behavior of a Laminate: Classical lamination theory – lamina stress-strain
behavior, stress and strain variation in laminate, laminate force and moment resultants. Special cases
of laminate stiffnesses, Strength of laminates, Interlaminar stresses, Numerical problems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Experimental Characterization of Composites: Overview of test techniques, uniaxial tension tests,
flexural tests, interlaminar shear stress characterization.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. R.M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2nd Edition, CRC Press Inc, 1998.
2. R.F. Gibson, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2012.

68
Reference books:
1. I.M. Daniel, O. Ishai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2nd Edition, OUP USA,
2005.
2. M. Mukhopadhyay, Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, Universities Press,
2005.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Articulate the foundational concepts of composite materials and enumerate their applications
2. Comprehend the concepts underlying micromechanical behaviour of a lamina
3. Analyse the micromechanical behaviour of a lamina and composite failure criteria
4. Apply classical lamination theory concepts to solve problems on the macromechanical
behaviour of laminates
5. Illustrate the various test techniques to characterize the composite material properties

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

69
 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS
Course Code: MAS262 Credits: 3:0:0
Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Fatigue of Structures: Introduction, S.N. curves, endurance limit, effect of mean stress, Goodman,
Gerber and Soderberg relations and diagrams, notches and stress concentrations, Neuber’s stress
concentration factors, notched S-N curves
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit II
Statistical and Physical Aspects of Fatigue: Low cycle and high cycle fatigue, Coffin-Manson’s
relation, cyclic strain hardening and softening, cycle counting techniques, Miner’s theory, phases in
fatigue life, crack initiation, crack growth, final fracture, fatigue fracture surfaces.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit III
Fatigue Design Aspects and Introduction to Fracture Mechanics: Safe-life and fail-safe design
philosophies, introduction to fatigue of composite structures. Introduction to fracture mechanics,
energy criterion, stress intensity, effect of material properties on fracture, modes of failure.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit IV
Linear Elastic and Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics: Strength of cracked bodies, potential
energy and surface energy, Griffith’s theory, Irwin – Orwin extension of Griffith’s theory to ductile
materials, Stress analysis of cracked bodies, Effect of thickness on fracture toughness, Stress intensity
factors for typical geometries. Introduction to Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), J contour
integral and relationship between J and CTOD
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Unit V
Fatigue Testing and Fracture Toughness Testing: Fatigue testing procedures- metallic and non-
metallic materials, Fracture toughness testing - specimen configurations and orientations, KIC testing,
CTOD testing, Measurement of J-critical, Determination of critical G in Mode I and Mode II.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation

Text books:
1. T.L. Anderson, Fracture Mechanics – Fundamentals and Applications, Taylor and Francis, 3rd
Edition, CRC Press, 2005.
2. D. Brock, Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Noordhoff International Publishing
Co., 1994.
70
Reference books:
1. P. Kumar, Elements of Fracture Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
2. J.F. Knott, Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics, Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1983.
3. W. Barrois and L. Ripley, Fatigue of Aircraft Structures, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Articulate the basic concepts of fatigue in materials (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Explain the concepts of statistical, physical and design aspects of fatigue (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Comprehend the basic concepts of fracture mechanics in materials (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Apply principles of linear elastic and elastic plastic fracture mechanics to solve numerical
problems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Analyse different methods to characterize fatigue and fracture properties of materials (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz / Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

71
 MANNED SPACE MISSIONS

Course Code: MAS263 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Manned Space Missions: Manned vs. unmanned missions – Objectives of manned
space missions - Peculiarities and engineering challenges for manned space missions – Space capsules
and Space station - Moon and Mars missions - Scientific and technological gains from manned space
programs –Reusable space vehicles for manned space missions – Additional requirements for manned
space missions – space medicine- microgravity
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Effect of Space Environment on Manned Space Missions: Description of space environment -
Meteoroid, Orbital Debris &Space Radiation – Space dust - Magnetosphere - Radiation Environment:
Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), Solar Particle Events (SPE) - Human Factors of Crewed
Spaceflight . Safety of Crewed Spaceflight - Radiation and the Human Body – Impact of microgravity
and g forces on humans – space adaptation syndrome.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Support Systems for Manned Space Missions: Design considerations for Life Support Systems-
Space Survival –Requirements and design of Environment Controlled Life Support Systems (ECLSS)
- Facilitation of Human / Machine Interaction and features needed to support the interaction- - Human
Factors in Control Design –Requirements for Crew Accommodations for short term and long term
manned space missions
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Planning and Logistic Requirements: Planning requirements at various levels – Resources and
mission requirements mapping – Ground Communication and Support –Design and planning of
Space Mission in terms of Rockets and Launch Vehicles - Mission planning with Orbital Selection
and Astrodynamics- Entry, Descent, Landing, and Ascent, Designing and Sizing Space elements –
Logistics with respect to Transfer, Entry, Landing, and Ascent Vehicles – Surface Base Design,
Sizing, and Integration –Logistic considerations in the operation of Planetary Surface Vehicles.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Support Technologies for Manned Space Missions: A brief introduction to additional technology
requirements for manned space missions – Technology requirements for Mission Operations for
Crewed Spaceflight– Role of Space Robotics in manned space missions – Recent developments in
72
technical knowhow for Attitude Determination and Control for manned space platforms - Power
Systems, command, control and communications for manned space platforms - Extravehicular
Activity (EVA) Systems
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Connors, M.M., Harrison, A.A., and Akins, F.R. “Living Aloft: Human Requirements for
Extended Spaceflight”, Createspace Independent Pub, 2014.
2. Larson, W. J. and Pranke, L. K., “Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design”, McGraw-
HillCollege, 1st Edition, 1999.

Reference books:
1. 1.Eckart, P. “Spaceflight Life Support and Biospherics:5”, Space Technology Library, 2010.
2. McNamara, Bernard, “Into the Final Frontier: The Human Exploration of Space”, Brooks/Cole
Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2000.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Illustrate mission requirements and challenges for manned space missions (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Evaluate and understand the role of complex phenomena such as microgravity and the
importance of space medicine for manned space missions. (PO-2, PO-3)
3. Analyze the unique nature of and various effects of cosmic radiation on space environment and
apply this knowledge in the design and planning of manned space missions. (PO-1, PO-3)
4. Illustrate the intricacies of challenges involved in manned space missions and the human factors
such as space adaptation syndrome and the ways to meet them. (PO-1, PO-2)
5. Identify the required critical technologies involved in manned space missions and evaluate and
apply them in designing human/machine interactions and space robotics. (PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

73
 HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS DYNAMICS

Course Code: MAS264 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to High Temperature Flows: Basics of high temperature flows – Important
phenomena associated with high temperature flows - Chemical effects in high temperature air – Real
and perfect gases – Concept of Gibb’s free energy -entropy changes in chemical and non chemical
equilibria – Chemically reacting mixtures – presence of chemically reacting boundary layers
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Role Of Statistical Thermodynamics: Introduction to statistical thermodynamics – Relevance of
high temperature effects in hypersonic flow –Role of statistical thermodynamics in understanding the
effects of high temperature in hypersonic flows – Applications of statistical thermodynamics -
Microscopic description of gases – Boltzmann distribution – Cartesian function.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Chemical Kinetic Aspects In High Temperature Flows: Description of Chemical equilibrium in
high temperature air and gases –Procedure for calculation of equilibrium composition of high
temperature air – Determination of equilibrium properties of high temperature air – Concepts of
collision frequency and mean free path – Role of velocity and speed distribution functions.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Phenomena in Inviscid High Temperature Flows: Nature of Equilibrium and non-equilibrium
flows – Governing equations and solution methods for inviscid high temperature equilibrium flows –
Properties of equilibrium normal and oblique shock wave flows – Outcome of results on the
approximation of frozen and equilibrium flows – Salient features of equilibrium conical and blunt
body flows – Governing equations for non-equilibrium in viscid high temperature flows.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Transport Properties in High Temperature Gases: Transport coefficients and nature of their
variation with temperature– mechanisms of diffusion – Concept of total thermal conductivity –
transport characteristics for high temperature air – radiative transparent gases – radiative transfer
equation for transport, absorbing and emitting – equations for absorbing gases.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

74
Text books:
1. Tarit K. Bose, “High Temperature Gas Dynamics: An Introduction for Physicists and
Engineers”, Springer, 2014
2. John D. Anderson, Jr., “Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics”, AIAA Education
Series, 2nd Edition, 2006

Reference books:
1. John D. Anderson, Jr., “Modern Compressible Flow with Historical perspective”, Mc-Graw
Hill Series, 4th Edition, 2021.
2. Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, “Gas Dynamics” 7th Edition , Prentice Hall of India, 2021.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the basic physics behind the high temperature flows and will apply the knowledge
to account for real gas effects in high temperature flows in aerospace applications. (PO-1,
PO-2, PO-3)
2. Exhibit the relevance of statistical thermodynamics in high temperature flows and also the need
for applying the principles of high temperature gas effects in hypersonic flows. (PO-1, PO-2,
PO-3)
3. Evaluate the equilibrium properties of high temperature air and apply the principles of chemical
kinetic theory for calculation of chemical equilibrium composition of gases at high temperature.
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
4. Analyze the results from equilibrium and frozen flows of inviscid high temperature air flows.
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
5. Apply the importance of radiative transport gases and apply the knowledge in the analysis of
high temperature gas flows. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

75
 HELICOPTER DYNAMICS

Course Code: MAS311 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction To Helicopter Aerodynamics: History of helicopter flight - Types of rotorcrafts -
Configuration Main rotor system- Fundamentals of Rotor Aerodynamics - Collective pitch control,
cyclic pitch control, anti-torque pedals - Figure of merit, rotor solidity and blade loading coefficient
- Momentum theory analysis in hovering flight. Disk loading, power loading, thrust and power
coefficients - Power required in flight. Axial climb, descent
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Helicopter Theories: Blade element analysis in hovering and forward flight – Blade Element
Momentum theory and its applications - Induced velocity, Rotor solidity, Performance of Ideally
twisted constant chord blade, Rapid performance in hovering flight – Autorotation – Windmilling
state – Vertical descent performance – Vortex ring state
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Rotor Airfoil Aerodynamics: Rotor airfoil requirements, effects of Reynolds number and Mach
number. Airfoil shape definition, Airfoil pressure distribution. Pitching moment. Maximum lift and
stall characteristics, high angle of attack range – Flow visualization techniques - Characteristics of
rotor wake in hover, and forward flight.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Helicopter Stability: Introductory concepts of stability - Helicopter Trim, Static stability - Incidence
disturbance, forward speed disturbance, angular velocity disturbance, yawing disturbance – Dynamic
Stability concepts – Handling Qualities of Helicopter.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Design Requirements of Helicopter: Overall design requirements. Design of main rotors-rotor
diameter, tip speed, rotor solidity, blade twist and aerofoil selection, Fuselage design, Empennage
design, Design of tail rotors, High speed rotorcraft – Vibration in helicopter blades
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

76
Text books:
1. J. Gordon Leishman, Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, Cambridge University Press,
2002.
2. Gessow.A and Meyers,GC, “Aerodynamics of the Helicopter”, Macmillan and Co., New
York,1982.
3. Seddon,J, “Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics”, AIAA Education series, Blackwell scientific
publications, U.K, 1990

Reference books:
1. John Fay, “The Helicopter”, Himalayan Books, New Delhi, 1995
2. Lalit Gupta, “Helicopter Engineering”, Himalayan Books, New Delhi, 1996.
3. Venkatesan C, “Fundamentals of Helicopter Dynamics”, CRC Press, 2014.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Articulate the fundamental concepts of aerodynamics as applied to helicopters (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
2. Analyze theories governing helicopter blade operations (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Comprehend the requirements for selection of airfoils for helicopters and analyze their
characteristics (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Illustrate stability concepts of helicopter and infer helicopter handling requirements (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
5. Appraise the design concepts of helicopter and discuss blade vibration characteristics (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

77
 AEROELASTICITY

Course Code: MAS312 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jayaram R. Pothnis

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction: Introduction to aeroelasticity, stability versus response problems, the aeroelastic
triangle of forces; aeroelasticity in aircraft design; prevention of aeroelastic instabilities. Influence
and stiffness coefficients. Coupled oscillations.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Wing Divergence: Divergence of a lifting surface - two-dimensional idealizations; strip theory,
integral equation of the second kind, exact solutions for simple rectangular wings, Semirigid
assumption and approximate solutions; Generalized coordinates, successive approximations,
numerical approximations using matrix equations
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Control Reversal: Steady state aeroelastic problems - loss and reversal of aileron control, critical
aileron reversal speed, aileron efficiency, semi rigid theory and successive approximations, lift
distribution, rigid and elastic wings. Tail efficiency, effect of elastic deformation on static
longitudinal stability.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Flutter: Flutter phenomenon – introduction, non-dimensional parameters, stiffness criteria, dynamic
mass balancing, dimensional similarity; Flutter analysis, two dimensional thin airfoils in steady
incompressible flow, quasi steady aerodynamic derivatives; Galerkin method for critical flutter speed,
stability of disturbed motion, solution of the flutter determinant, methods of determining the critical
flutter speeds, flutter prevention and control.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Aeroelastic Problems: Case studies, galloping of transmission lines and flow induced vibrations of
transmission lines, tall slender structures and suspension bridges. Galloping and Vortex-induced
vibrations of structures. Aeroelastic testing techniques.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Y. C. Fung, An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, Courier Dover Publications, 2008.
2. E.G. Broadbent, Elementary Theory of Aero elasticity, Bun Hill Publications Ltd., 1986.
78
Reference books:
1. E. H. Dowell (Editor), A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity, 6th Edition, Springer, 2022.
2. R.H. Scanlan and R. Rosenbaum, Introduction to the study of Aircraft Vibration and Flutter,
Macmillan Co.,1981.
3. R.L. Bisplinghoff, H. Ashley, R.L. Halfmann, Aeroelasticity, Addison Wesley Publishing Co.,
Inc., 2nd Edition, 1996.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Articulate introductory concepts and terminologies of aeroelasticity (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Interpret underlying principles of wing divergence and solve associated problems (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
3. Explain the concept of control reversal due to aeroelastic effects (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Discuss flutter phenomenon and its effect on the operations of aircraft control surfaces (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
5. Solve aeroelastic problems by employing structural and aerodynamic simplification processes
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

79
 AVIONICS

Course Code: MAS313 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Avionics: Need for avionics in civil and military aircraft and space systems – System
Integration - Integrated avionics and weapon systems – Typical avionics subsystems, Air data
quantities – Altitude, Air speed, Vertical speed, Mach number - design, technologies – Introduction
to Digital Computer and memories.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Digital Avionics Architecture: Evolution of Avionics system architecture – Hardware and Software
Redundancy- Data buses – MIL-STD-1553B – ARINC – 429 – ARINC – 629– AFDX
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Flight Decks And Cockpits: Control and display technologies: CRT, LED, LCD, EL and plasma
panel – Touch screen – Direct voice input (DVI) – Civil and Military Cockpits: MFDS, HUD, MFK,
HOTAS.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Introduction to Navigation Systems: Dead Reckoning systems– Inertial sensors– Inertial
Navigation Systems (INS) – INS block diagram – Radio navigation – Hyperbolic Navigation - ILS,
MLS –– Satellite Navigation Systems – GPS– Waypoint Navigation – INS GPS Hybrid Navigation
– RNAV.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Auto Pilot and FMS: Functions of FMS – Auto pilot – FADEC - Basic principles, Longitudinal and
lateral auto pilot - Ilities of Avionics, Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability – BITE
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Middleton, D.H., Ed., Avionics systems, Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman Group
UK Ltd., England, 1989.
2. Pallet.E.H.J., Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems, Longman Scientific, 1992.
3. Spitzer, C.R. Digital Avionics Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,U.S.A.1993.

80
Reference books:
1. Spitzer. C.R. The Avionics Hand Book, CRC Press, 2000.
2. Mike Tooley, David Wyatt, “Aircraft Communications and Navigation Systems”, 2nd Edition,
Eoutledge (Taylor & Francis group), 2017.
3. Albert Helfrick. D., Principles of Avionics, Avionics Communications Inc., 7th Edition, 2012.
4. Collinson.R.P.G. Introduction to Avionics, Chapman and Hall, 2003.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Illustrate the need for avionics in aircrafts and explain the functions of basic aircraft systems.
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
2. Select a suitable avionics architecture based on requirements and explain the functions of a data
bus. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
3. Demonstrate the working of cockpit displays and to distinguish the type of technology used in
displays. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
4. Understand the importance of navigation system and operating principles of different
navigation systems. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
5. Describe the functions of autopilot and compare the FMS. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks

Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

81
 CRYOGENICS

Course Code: MAS314 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Fundamentals of Cryogenics: Theory behind the production of low temperature – expansion engine
– heat exchangers – Cascade process – Joule Thomson and magnetic effects – cryogenic liquids as
cryogenic propellants for cryogenic rocket engines - properties of various cryogenic propellants –
handling problems associated with cryogenic propellants.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Cryogenic Systems Efficiency: Types of losses and efficiency of cycles - amount of cooling - the
features of liquefaction process - cooling coefficient of performance - Thermodynamic efficiency -
The energy balancing method.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Thermodynamic Cycles for Cryogenic Plants: Classification of cryogenic cycles - The structure of
cycles Throttle expansion cycles – Expander cycles - Mixed throttle expansion and expander cycles
- Thermodynamic analysis – Numerical problems.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Problems Associated With Cryopropellants: Storage problems of cryogenic propellants - zero
gravity problems associated with cryopropellants - phenomenon of tank collapse - geysering effect -
material strength considerations.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Cryogenic Rocket Engines: Peculiar design difficulties associated with the design of feed system,
injector and thrust chamber of cryogenic rocket engines - Relative performance of cryogenic engines
when compared to non-cryo engines
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Barron.RF, “Cryogenic systems”, Oxford University, 1985.
2. Dieter K. Huzel & David H. Huang, “Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant
Rocket Engines", AIAA Series, 1992.

82
Reference books:
1. Haseldom.G, “Cryogenic Fundamentals”, Academic press, 2001.
2. Sarner.S.F, “Propellant Chemistry”, Reinhold Publishing Corporation New York, 1966.
3. Sutton, G.P. “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 9th Edition,
2016.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the properties and characteristics of Cryogenics. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
2. Evaluate the efficiency and balancing methods of Cryogenic systems. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
3. Distinguish and illustrate the various cycles of Cryogenic systems. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
4. Examine the problems and provide methods to rectify the problems in cryogenic systems.
(PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
5. Apply the Cryogenics in the rocket engines and examine the characteristics. (PO-1, PO-2,
PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5

83
 DRONE PROPULSION FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

Course Code: MAS321 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to Drones: Definition and history of drones, Types of drones, Importance of Drone
Rules and Regulation - Indian Drone Rules History & Evolution, - Indian Drone Rules 2021, - Drone
Quality Certification Scheme related to propulsion.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Drone Design and Assembly: Design considerations for drone airframe and propulsion systems,
Selecting and assembling drone components such as motors, batteries, Electronic Speed controllers,
Flight controllers, and cameras, Basic wiring and component layout
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Drone Motor: Working, Types: Brushed and Brushless Motors, motor sizing and identification,
mounting patterns and thread size, Thrust to Weight ratio, KV ratings, advanced motor selection,
BLDC Motor -Speed control methods -PWM techniques- Embedded processor based BDLC motor
speed control. life cycle test.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Propulsion System: Introduction to Propulsion - Types of propellers , Types of Propulsion system,
- hybrid fuel-electric, solar - Types of drone engines, - Two-stroke – Turbofan – Turboprop - Piston
engine.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Testing of Drone Propulsion: Drone maintenance and quality testing, Diagnostic test, Safety test,
Environmental test, Component endurance test, Vibration test, Lifecycle test, Performance test,
Stability test, Validation certificate and standards - EMI, EMC, IP rating, Case studies.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

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Text books:
1. Reg Austin “unmanned aircraft systems UAV design, development and deployment”,
Wiley,2010.
2. D. McLeod, Getting Started with Drone: How to Build, Fly, and Program Your own Drone,
Apress, 2019.
3. Daniel Tal, John Altschuld “Drone Technology in Architecture, Engineering and Construction:
A Strategic Guide to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operation and Implementation”, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 2021.

Reference books:
1. Drone Technology: Future Trends and Practical Applications”, Scrivener Publishing LLC,
2023.
2. E. Tooley, Practical Drones: Building, Programming, and Applications, Apress, 2021.
3. K. Sundar and R. V. Rajakumar, Multicopters: Principles and Applications, Springer, 2021.
4. K. Venkata Raman, Special Electrical Machines, Universities Press, 2014, 1st Edition.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Acquire knowledge on drones and understand their regulations. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Gain insights on drone components, design processes, design standards and system selection.
(PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
3. Estimate the performance parameters of drone motor, battery and associated systems (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
4. Comprehend and explain the basic concepts of drone propulsion systems. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Discuss test procedures associated with qualification of drone systems and subsystems (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4, CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 & CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

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 SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

Course Code: MAS322 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Attitude Sensors: Relative Attitude sensors – Gyroscopes, Frame conversion, Fundamental of
attitude estimation Motion reference Units, Absolute Attitude sensors – Horizon sensor, Orbital
Gyrocompass, Earth sensors, sun sensors (Digital and analog), star sensor- Magnetometer.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Control Actuators: Fundamental principles of operation of Thrusters, Actuator Bandwidth, First
order system, second order system- Momentum Wheel-Control Moment Gyros Reaction wheel-
Magnetic Torques- Reaction Jets- Ion Propulsion- Electric propulsion- solar sails
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Attitude Dynamics, Attitude and Orbital Disturbances: Rigid Body Dynamics - Flexible body
Dynamics - Slosh Dynamics- disturbing forces due to Drag, Solar radiation Pressure and forces -
Disturbances due to Celestial bodies.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Attitude Stabilization Schemes & Orbit Maneuvers: Spin Control, Dual spin Control - Gravity
gradient technique - Zero momentum system – Momentum - Biased system – Reaction wheel control
system - Single and Multiple Impulse orbit Adjustment - Hohmann Transfer, Bielliptical transfer,
Station Keeping and Fuel budgeting.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Missile and Launch Vehicle Guidance: Operating principles and design of guidance laws - homing
guidance laws- short range – Medium range and BVR missiles - Trajectory/ Mission planning -
Optimal staging, Pitch program optimization, Disturbances in stages separation region, Disturbances
in High dynamic pressure region, Launch Vehicle- Introduction - Mission requirements- Implicit
guidance schemes - Explicit guidance – Q guidance schemes
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

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Text books:
1. Kaplan M, Modern Spacecraft Dynamics and control, Wiley Press, 1979.
2. Marcel J. Sidi, Spacecraft Dynamics and control, A Practical Engineering Approach, Cambridge
University Press.2000.
3. Meyer Rudolph X, Elements of Space Technology for Aerospace Engineers, Academic Press,
1999.

Reference books:
1. Vladimir A Chobotov, Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics and Control (Orbit)”, Krieger Publishing
Company Publishers, 1991.
2. Blake Lock, J.H Automatic control of Aircraft and missiles, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1990.
3. N.V.Kadam, Practical Design of Flight control systems for launch vehicles and Missiles, Allied
Publishers,2009.
4. James R Wertz, Spacecraft Attitude Determination and control, Reidel Publications.2001.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Articulate working principles of attitude sensors and their applications. (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Illustrate working principles of control actuators used for satellite applications. (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
3. Comprehend the underlying concepts of satellite orbital dynamics (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
4. Apply foundational concepts of space mechanics to solve problems on satellite orbital
maneuvers (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
5. Outline the operational principles and mechanisms of missile and launch vehicle guidance
systems (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

87
 AI & ML FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

Course Code: MAS323 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Inamul Hasan

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction to AI & ML: Data Science, AI & ML, Scientific Method, Modeling Concepts, CRISP-
DM methods, Programming: Commands and Syntax , Packages and Libraries, Introduction to Data
Types, Data Structures in R - Vectors, Matrices, Arrays, Lists, Factors, Data Frames, Importing and
Exporting Data., Control structures and Functions.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Descriptive Statistics: Data exploration, Qualitative and Quantitative Data, Measure of Central
Tendency, Measure of Positions, Measure of Dispersion, Anscombe's quartet, Statistical Analysis
Initial Data Analysis, Probability
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Data Acquisition and Handling: Data Acquisition and principles, Data Quality and Transformation,
Handling Text Data, Principles of Big Data, Data Visualization, Sampling and Estimation, Inferential
Statistics.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit IV
Linear Regression: Linear Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, Non-Linear Regression,
Forecasting models, Foundations for ML, Clustering, Naïve Bayes Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors,
Support Vector Machines, Support Vector Machines
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit V
Applications in Aerospace: AI: Application areas, AI Basics (Divide and Conquer, Greedy, Branch
and Bound, Gradient Descent), NN basics (Perceptron and MLP, FFN, Back propagation),
Convolution Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Applications in
Aerospace and Defence.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Andriy Burkov, “The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book”. 2019.
2. Tom M. Mitchell, “Machine Learning", McGraw Hill, 2017.
3. Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2021.
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Reference books:
1. Aboul Ella Hassanien, Ashraf Darwish, Hesham Al-Aksary, “Machine Learning and Data
Mining in Aerospace Technology”, Springer Publishing, 2020.
2. Stephan S. Jones, Frank M. Groom, “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Business
for Non-Engineers”, CRC Press, 2020.
3. K. Venkata Raman ,Special Electrical Machines, Universities Press, 2014, 1st Edition.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the basics of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Data Science. (PO-1,
PO-2, PO-3)
2. Gain Knowledge in the Data exploration, analysis and probability. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
3. Use appropriate methods for Data acquisition and visualization. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)
4. Distinguish various types of linear regression and interpret its foundations. (PO-1, PO-2,
PO-3)
5. Apply the AI and ML techniques in aerospace applications. (PO-1, PO-2, PO-3)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Internal test-II 30 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Presentations 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignment writing 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1,CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

89
 SPACE VEHICLE DESIGN

Course Code: MAS324 Credits: 3:0:0

Prerequisite: Nil Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Dr. Vigneswaran C M

Course Content
Unit I
Introduction: Overview of Design Process: Introduction, Requirements, Phases of design,
Conceptual Design Process, Initial Sizing, Take-off weight build up, Empty weight estimation, Fuel
fraction estimation, Take- off weight calculation.
Thrust to Weight Ratio & Wing Loading: Thrust to Weight Definitions, Statistical Estimate of T/W.
Thrust matching, Spread sheet in design, Wing Loading and its effect on Stall speed, Take-off
Distance, Catapult takeoff, and Landing Distance. Wing Loading for Cruise, Loiter, Endurance,
Instantaneous Turn rate, Sustained Turn rate, Climb, & Glide, Maximum ceiling.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit II
Wing And Fuselage Design: Configuration Layout & loft: Conic Lofting, Conic Fuselage
Development, Conic Shape Parameter, Wing-Tail Layout & Loft. Aerofoil Linear Interpolation.
Aerofoil Flat-wrap Interpolation. Wing aerofoil layout-flap wrap. Wetted area determination. Special
considerations in Configuration Layout: Aerodynamic, Structural, Detectability. Crew station,
Passenger, and Payload arrangements.
Design of Structural Components: Fuselage, Wing, Horizontal & Vertical Tail. Spreadsheet for
fuselage design. Tail arrangements, Horizontal & Vertical Tail Sizing. Tail Placement. Loads on
Structure. V-n Diagram, Gust Envelope. Loads distribution, Shear and Bending Moment analysis
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Unit III
Engine Selection & Flight Vehicle Performance: Turbojet Engine Sizing, Installed Thrust
Correction, Spread Sheet for Turbojet Engine Sizing. Propeller Propulsive System. Propeller design
for cruise. Take-off, Landing & Enhanced Lift Devices: Ground Roll, Rotation, Transition, Climb,
Balanced Field Length, Landing Approach, Braking, Spread Sheet for Take-off and Landing.
Enhanced lift design -Passive & Active. Spread Sheet.

Unit IV
Static Stability & Control: Longitudinal Static Stability, Pitch Trim Equation. Effect of Airframe
components on Static Stability. Lateral stability. Contribution of Airframe components. Directional
Static stability. Contribution of Airframe components. Aileron Sizing, Rudder Sizing. Spread Sheets.
Flying qualities. Cooper Harper Scale. Environmental constraints, Aerodynamic requirements.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

90
 Unit V
Design Aspects of Subsystems: Flight Control system, Landing Gear and subsystem, Propulsion and
Fuel System Integration, Air Pressurization and Air Conditioning System, Electrical & Avionic
Systems, Structural loads, Safety constraints, Material selection criteria.
• Pedagogy/Course delivery tools: Chalk and talk, Power point presentation, animated videos

Text books:
1. Aircraft Design - A Conceptual Approach, Daniel P. Raymer, AIAA Education Series, IV
Edition, 2006.
2. Design of Aircraft, Thomas C Corke, Pearson Edition. Inc. 2003.

Reference books:
1. Introduction to Aircraft Design, John Fielding, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
2. Aeroplane Design, J Roskam.
3. Standard Handbook for Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineers, Editor Mark Davies, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2010.

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Illustrate various design phases and perform aircraft weight estimation (PO-3, PO-4, PO-5)
2. Evolve suitable wing and fuselage configurations for various design considerations (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
3. Comprehend propulsion system requirements for various design configurations (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)
4. Estimate stability and performance parameters for different aircraft configurations (PO-3,
PO-4, PO-5)
5. Articulate mechanical and electrical systems for various aircraft specifications (PO-3, PO-4,
PO-5)

Course Assessment and Evaluation:

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) - 50 Marks
Assessment tool Marks Course outcomes addressed
Internal test-I 30 CO-1, CO-2
Internal test-II 30 CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Average of the two internal tests will be considered for evaluation of 30 Marks
Other components- 20 Marks
Quiz 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Assignments 10 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5
Semester End Examination (SEE) - 100 Marks
Semester End Examination 100 CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, CO-4 &CO-5

91