Practice Paper 3 (Answers)

1. (a) (i) 4405

(ii) 4204
(b) Scale is the ratio between the map distance and the ground distance. Representative Fraction (RF) is a
universal scale.
(c) (i) Triangulated height of 349 m
(ii) Contour height of 300 m
(d) Open mixed jungle, Dense mixed jungle
(e) 4302 has disappearing drainage pattern and 4107 has dendritic drainage pattern.

2.

(f) Aravalli
Hills
(i) River Damodar

(c) Trop (a) Singhbhum

ic of Ca
ncer

(e)
(h) Satpura Kolkata
Mountains

(g) Lake Chilika

(b) B
 lack Soil
Region
inter
oons in W
Mons
(j) N.E

(d) Gulf of
Mannar
Not to Scale

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 3. (a) (ii) Loo
(b) (ii) Red Soil
(c) (i) Tropical evergreen
(d) (iv) Rain water harvesting
(e) (i) Raniganj
(f) (ii) Both A and R are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(g) (iv) Tata Iron and Steel Plant
(h) (iv) Jawaharlal Nehru Port
(i) (i) Biogas
(j) (ii) three

4. (a) (i) New Delhi has a continental climate, so winter (December) it is cold here.
(ii) Mumbai has a moderate climate as it is near the sea.

(b) The range of temperature is more at Allahabad than at Mumbai because:

(i) The location of Allahabad is at the interior of the continent. Hence, experience the continental or
extreme type of climate.
(ii) On the other hand, Mumbai experience equable or maritime type of climate as it is near the sea.
Neither very hot in summer nor very cold in winter.

(c) The Thar is a desert due to the following reasons.

(i) The Thar is located between the Aravallis and the Indus river i.e. the rain shadow area of the Bay of
Bengal Branch.
(ii) Most of the moisture is deposited in the Ganga Plain, so when these winds reach the Aravallis very little
moisture is left.
(iii) The Thar desert also does not receive rain from the Arabian Sea Branch as these winds blow parallel
to the Aravallis.
(d) (i) Rainfall mainly depends on relief (Orographic). Most of the rainfall is caused due to the obstruction
of moisture-bearing winds by the mountain ranges. As a result, windward side gets heavy rain while the
leeward side gets scanty rain.
(ii) Rainfall is erratic and unpredictable. The amount of rainfall varies from time to time, often resulting in
floods and droughts. Sometimes the rainfall occurs early and at times it is delayed.
(iii) Rainfall occurs mainly in summer. A large part of the country receives rainfall mainly in the summer
from the South-West Monsoon winds. Very little rain is caused in winter from the North-East Winter
Monsoons.
5. (a) Sheet Erosion Gully Erosion

(i) The removal of the thin surface layer of the top (i) I t is carried on steep slopes where there is no
soil by heavy rain. vegetation. The rain water rushes down the slope
and cuts steep-sided valleys which are harmful for
agriculture.

(ii) This occurs generally on flat land. (ii) This occurs generally in Chambal ravines.

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 (b) Red soils are not good for cultivation due to following reasons:
(i) They are deficient in phosphoric acid, nitrogen and lime.
(ii) They are poor in humus and not retentive of moisture.
(c) The transported soil most widely found in India is the Alluvial Soil. The two sub categories into which it is
generally divided are:
(i) Bhangar: Older alluvium, light grey, clayey, not so fertile.
(ii) Khadar: New alluvium, loamy, more fertile.
(d) Soil conservation is the effort made by man in protecting the soil from erosion and exhaustion. Soil can be
conserved in following ways:
(i) By afforestation
(ii) By proper farming technique

6. (a) The trees of the Tropical Deciduous or Monsoon forests shed their leaves in the hot season when there is
an acute scarcity of water, so that there is less loss of water by evaporation. The trees shed the leaves at
different times and the forest is never bare.
(b) The two trees found in Evergreen forests and their uses are as follows.
(i) Rosewood – Furniture making
(ii) Gurjan – Railway sleepers, furniture making

(c) The Temperate forests are found between the height of 2000 m and 3000 m in the Himalayas. The two types
of trees found here are pines and fir.
(d) (i) Chir: Tea chests, resin turpentine
(ii) Deodar: Railway sleepers, construction purposes
(iii) Fir: Making of paper, matches, packing cases

7. (a) Well irrigation is popular in Ganga Plain because of the following reasons.
(i) The soil is soft, so digging of wells becomes easier.
(ii) There are large supplies of underground water available.

(b) Water scarcity exists in India due to misuse of water by industries, erratic monsoons and uneven distribution
of water.
(c) A multipurpose project is a massive project which helps in serving various purposes like generation of electricity,
soil conservation, irrigation, fish breeding, flood control etc.
These multipurpose projects help in conserving water in following ways.
(i) They can be used for irrigation purpose otherwise, the water is wasted or is washed away.
(ii) In these projects, water is judiously used for various purposes without wasting it.
(d) Irrigation helps in changing the cropping pattern of many region in following ways.
(i) The farmers have started investing in water intensive and commercial crops.
(ii) Change in cropping pattern increased the salinity of soil. This led to infertility of soil.
(iii) The economic condition and lifestyle of farmer has improved from the past.

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 8. (a) Bassein Olfield is located to the south of Mumbai High. Aliabet oilfield is situated south of Bhavnagar in
Gulf of Khambhat. They are important as huge reserves have been found here.
(b) The chief deposits of iron ore occur in:
(i) Odisha: Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj (any one)
(ii) Goa: Bicholim, Ponda (any one)

(c) The three disadvantages of using coal are:

(i) Burning of coal produces air pollution and green house gases.
(ii) It is a non-renewable source of energy.
(iii) Coal burning is a major cause of acid rain as it releases sulfur dioxide.

(d) The three types of non-conventional sources of energy are:

(i) Tidal Energy: Tidal energy is common in the Gulf of Kutch.
(ii) Geothermal Energy: This energy is common in Puga and Parvati valley in Himachal Pradesh.
(iii) Wind Energy: The wind energy is common in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan.

9. (a) The economic importance of the tea industry in India is based on the following.
(i) Provides employment to a large number of the people of India.
(ii) Foreign exchange earner.
(iii) It supports a number of subsidiary industries, e.g., transport, packing material, etc. (any two)

(b) Oilseeds are of two types:

(i) Edible Oilseeds: Some oilseeds are crushed to make vegetable oil. These include groundnuts, mustard
seed, sunflower seeds, sesamum, rapeseed etc.
(ii) Non-edible seeds: These oilseeds are crushed and the oil obtained is used in industries and to produce
other commercial products e.g. Castor oil, linseed.
(c) (i) Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane in India.
(ii) More than two ratoon crops are not advisable for sugarcane farmers because with more ratoon crops
there is a risk of damage by pests and diseases.
(iii) Under mixed farming cultivation of crops and rearing of animals is done together on the same farm.
One of the major benefit of this farming is that it is done for extra income.

(d) The problems faced by the sugarcane cultivators in North India are:
(i) Sugarcane is grown on ‘small farms’ and since it is soil exhausting, farmers have to depend on irrigation
which increases the production costs.
(ii) The sugar mills are old-fashioned and are far from the sugar farms leading to delay in crushing.
(iii) Monoculture of sugarcane leads to depletion of nutrients in soil and affects cane productivity.

10. (a) (i) • Groundnuts are used in making of sweets.

• Oil is also extracted from it.
(ii) Gujarat
(b) Rourkela Iron and Steel Plant was set up in Odisha with the help of famous German firm – Krupps and
Demag.

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 (c) Increasing demand of cotton from textile manufacturers; shortage of cotton in the domestic markets and
poor quality cotton available in local market are the main reasons for importing raw cotton by India. India
imports raw cotton from Australia, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Egypt etc.
(d) The towns associated with the software technology are Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad.
The software industry is concentrated here because of availaibility of high-tech skilled labour, better
infrastructure and development.

11. (a) Metalled Roads Unmetalled Roads

Metalled roads are roads which are surfaced with stones. Unmetalled roads are also known as ‘Kachcha roads’ as
These have a hard smooth surface of bitumen or tar. they are not tarred.

(b) Air transport is very expensive and beyond the reach of the common man. There are many places in India
including north-eastern states where we can visit only by using air transport, that is why, it is still a popular
means of transportation in India.
(c) Roads are always considered more important than any other means of transport due to the following reasons.
(i) Roads are comparatively easier to maintain and build.
(ii) They are more economical for the transportation of less number of people and provide door-to-door
service.
(iii) They can negotiate steeper slopes and sharp turns.
(d) The advantages of railways are:
(i) Rail Transport has helped in developing tourism.
(ii) It helped in the development of agriculture and industry.
One disadvantage of air transport is that it is expensive and beyond the reach of common man.
12. (a) The effluents must be treated before being discharged because it affects the aquatic life. The aquatic life is
adversely affected due to wastes from industries containing toxic and hazardous substances.
(b) Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is usually acidic, which means that it possesses very
high levels of hydrogen ions.
Acid rain is the rainfall which is made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm,
chiefly to forests and lakes.
(c) Segregation method is very important that wastes should be separated and collected according to their
characteristics, for example, plastics should be kept in separate bags, metals in another bag etc. Disposal
of waste will then become easier.

(d) (i) We must reuse waste to conserve the resources and to reduce air, water and land pollution.
(ii) Farm wastes contains huge organic biodegradable wastes. It can be made useful by composting it and
making manure with it.
(iii) Dumping of waste is harmful because it may contain dangerous substances like chemicals and paints.
This harms the environment and may also pollute the underground water.

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