Hadith 6

"Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do
so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart—and that is the
weakest of faith."

(a)
Islam instructs its followers to establish a true Islamic society based on the teachings of the
Quran and Sunnah.
It further commands them to defend the society against all forms of evil using whatever
resources are available.
This may involve physical intervention, verbal objection, or, at the very least, internal
condemnation—although the latter is the weakest degree of faith.
Believers must remember that struggling against evil is a continuous effort, as the ultimate
source of evil is Satan:
"Verily, Satan is an avowed enemy to man." (12:5)

(b)
The eradication of evil demands effort at varying levels depending on the available resources
within the Muslim community and government.
If sufficient means exist, the Muslim state may permit physical Jihad:
"Believers, strive hard in God's way with your possessions and yourselves." (49:15)
Otherwise, evil may be fought through speech or writing, and if an individual cannot even do
that, he is required to resist it in his heart.
The best way in such situations is to seek God's protection:
"Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of daybreak, from the evil of the things He created." (Al-Falaq)

Hadith 7
"It was said: O Messenger of Allah, who is the most excellent of men? He said: 'The believer
who strives hard in the way of Allah with his person and his property.' "

(a)
Jihad or striving in God's path is an act of worship and signifies the genuineness of faith.
It aims to suppress evil and resist aggression and injustice—always within the ethical limits set
by Islamic teachings.
Muslims believe all resources—material and physical—are gifts from God, and thus must be
placed at His service.
Those who sacrifice their lives in Jihad are considered alive in a special way:
"Nay, they live, finding their sustenance in the presence of their Lord." (3:169)

(b)
Jihad is the ultimate demonstration of faith as it involves the sacrifice of both possessions and
life.
Those who undertake it are trained to give without hesitation:
"Fighting is prescribed for you, though you dislike it." (2:216)
The Quran and the Prophet repeatedly praised those involved in Jihad, ranking them among the
best Muslims.
The Holy Prophet himself fought battles, suffered injuries, and witnessed the martyrdom of close
companions, including his uncle Hamza, who was named "the chief of all martyrs."

Hadith 8
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whom do you consider to be a martyr among you?' They replied:
'Whoever is killed in the way of Allah.' He said: 'Then the martyrs among my community will be
few! Rather, one who dies in the way of Allah—be it by natural death, plague, or cholera—is a
martyr.' "

(a)
This Hadith broadens the definition of martyrdom beyond the battlefield.
Muslims are taught that those who endure sudden or prolonged suffering leading to death—such
as natural death, plague, or cholera—also achieve martyrdom if they die with strong faith.
The phrase "in the way of Allah" stresses dying while maintaining sincere belief.

(b)
Believers are instructed to willingly accept death in God's way, whether through battle or
enduring physical suffering.
They must hold steadfast to the belief that life and death are in God's hands:
"Give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere—who say, when afflicted with calamity: 'To
God we belong, and to Him we return.'" (2:155-156)
Thus, faith should remain unshaken in the face of illness or sudden trials.

Hadith 9
"No one eats better food than that which he eats from the work of his own hands."

(a)
Islam links the effort to earn lawful sustenance directly with the fulfillment of religious duties.
"To earn a clean living is a duty next to the obligatory duties of faith." (Hadith)
Believers are encouraged to work hard and earn through lawful means, avoiding dependency on
others.
"One who works for himself is a friend of God."
Hard work thus brings both material blessings and divine pleasure.

(b)
Muslims should follow the example of the Prophet, who personally engaged in manual work,
such as mending shoes, sewing clothes, building mosques, and digging trenches.
They must reject unlawful means of earning like bribery, usury (riba), and beggary:
"The one who offers and the one who accepts the bribe will both go to the Fire of Hell."
Obedience to the Quranic command is essential:
"Eat of what is on earth, lawful and good, and do not follow the footsteps of Satan." (2:168)

Hadith 10
"One who manages the affairs of the widow and the poor man is like the one who exerts himself
in the way of Allah, or the one who stands for prayer at night or fasts during the day."

(a)
Islam teaches that fulfilling the rights of fellow human beings is part of true faith.
The Prophet equated serving the less privileged with acts of worship like night prayer and
fasting.
The Quran also criticizes those who neglect the poor:
"Have you seen the one who denies the Judgment? Then he is the one who repulses the orphan
and does not encourage feeding the poor." (107:1-3)

(b)
Following the Prophet’s example, Muslims are encouraged to help widows, orphans, and the
needy, discreetly and respectfully:
"Nor repulse the petitioner unheard." (93:10)
Charity should be given secretly, as highlighted by the Hadith:
"A man who gives charity so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand
spends."
Supporting a widow through remarriage (with her consent) is also Sunnah.
The weak and needy must be cared for just as the Prophet himself did throughout his life.

10 Blessed Companions
Hazrat Abu Bakr

 Addullah bin Abi Quhafa from bani Taym

 Abu Bakr ( father of foal of the Camel )
First caliph of Islam
 Father of Ayesha
 even before Islam he was monotheist
 First adult male to accept Islam
 early persecution
  He testified about the miraj of the prophet. Al Sadiq testifier of truth
 Partner of Prophet in Migration
 been there in every major war with prophet
 led prayers in the sickness of Prophet
 Ameer Haj ( leader of Hajj)
 He saved Islam in his caliphate ( Compilation of Quran, false Prophets, Refusers of
Zakat)
Hazrat Umer

 Umer bin Khitab

 Banu Adi
 Second Caliph
 Hazrat Hafsa was his daughter and wife of prophet
 Initially he opposed prophet, but in 6th year of prophethood he accepted islam
 Migration to Yasirb
 Been there almost in all battles
 Title of Farooq
 He was also known for his jurisprudence.
 His caliphate is known as the golden era of Islamic Caliphate
 Administration
 Azan Idea
 Compilation
 He was assassinated by Abu LuLu Feroz.

Hazrat Usman:
 Usman bin Affan
 Quraish and Sub tribe Banu Ummyad
 Third rightly guided caliph
 Zun Norain ( the owner of two noors) ( Ruqqya and Umme Kulsum)
 Naila ( witnessed and was assassinated in the revolt against Usman )
 He belong to a rich family, Father dies at an early, His uncle looked after him
 When He accepted Islam His Uncle persecuted him a lot
 He was preached about Islam by Abu Bakr.
 Among the only 22 people of Makkah who could read and write
 Migrated twice ( Migration to Abyssinia and Migration to Yasrib)
 He famous for Charity ( Ghani) Generosity
 except battle of Badr he participated in almost every major battle
 He also performed Hajj with prophet
 Treaty of Hudabiya was signed because of Him
 Standardisation of Quran
 Expansion of Islamic Empire in Africa, and Sub-continent.
 Assassinated in a revolt
 He was also famous for his Timid nature (Haya)
 Usman no matter what you do know you will be in Jannat
 3 different occasion prophet has blessed him with the news of jannat
Hazrat Ali:
 Ali ibn abi Talib ( Ali bin Imran)
 cousin to prophet
 Banu Hashim
 Asad Ullah
 Married with the daughter of Prophet Fatimah (2ah)
 The first male to accept Islam
 He was famous ( Knowledge, Braverary, Generosity)
 He has been very close to prophet
 Migration to the Yasrib prophet made him the custodian of the possession of Makkans to
be returned.
 Bravery in every battles ( Uhad, Khyber)
 He did not participate in Battle of Tabuk ( he was made deputy of Madinah in the
absence of Prophet)
 when prophet was returning back from Hajj at the place called Khum prophet raised ali’s
hand “ Ali is the master of those who consider me their master” ( Ghadeer e Khum)
 At the death of prophet Ali gave him the burial and Ghussal
 Ali is from me and I am from Ali
 One can be a true Mulim unless he truly loves Ali
 I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its Gate
 He was assassinated by a Kahraji abdul rahman ibn muljim

Hazrat Talha:

 Talha bin Ubaid Ullah

 Tribe Tayaimi
 Famous for bravery ( Uhad )
 First 10 converts
 brought to Islam by Abu Bakr
 He was given the responsibility to help people in memorization of Quran
 “ The two Tied Together” ( Talha and Zubair)
 Migrated to Madinah
 Ridda Wars
 six member committee of Hazrat Umer for caliphate
 The Living martyr ( due to Uhad)
“if you want to see the martyr, then see Talha”
Battle of Camel , when he denied Fighting he was killed by mischief” maker( Marwan Bin
Hakam)
 “Talha and Zubair will neighbours in Jannah”

Zubair Ibn Awwam:

  Cousin of prophet,his mother Safiyah was daughter of Abdul Mutlib
 He was an early converts , he was only 15 years old when he accepted Islam
 he migrated to madinah
 He Migrated twice To abyssinia and Yasrib
 “ Helper of Prophet” ( There was a helper for every prophet and my helper is Zubair” “
Hawari”
 known for his military and bravery
 He was one of the commanders in Battle of Badr
 He was actively involved in the Rida Wars
 Zubair was among those who shielded prophet when he was left alone in uhad
 When the forces of Pagans were defeated, prophet sent Abubakr and Zubair to chase
them
 He was also a part of treaty of Hudabiya
 Part of six member committee of hazrat Umer for Caliphate
 At The Battle of Jamal he was martyred.

d
Abdul Rahman Bin Auf:

 Also from Quraish (Banu Zuhra)

 Originally, his name was Abd Amr ( servent of Amr)
 Later prophet changed his name to Abdul Rehman
 Early Converts —Preached by Abu Bakr
 Known for his business skills and wealth
 Twice Migrated
 He was with the prophet when the Prophet's son Ibrahim died.
 after the bond of brotherhood , he was offred half of the wealth of his Ansari brother Saad
bin Ar-Rabi but he said “ May Allah bless you in your family and property; guide me to
the market” Sahi Bukhari
 He has been there almost in every major battle with the prophet.
 Member of the committee of Umer for Caliphate.
 Generous
 Leader of the Damat ul Jandal
 Ameer Hajj in the times of Caliphate
 He also gave 400 dinars to the survivors of Battle of Badr
 He died in the reign of Hazrat Usman

Abu Ubaydah Ibn Jarrah:

  Amir bin Abdullah
 Early converts, One day after Abu Bakr’s acceptance of Islam.
 Twice Migration
 Have been there in every major battle.
 Battle of Badr he fought against Father, ( Abdullah ibn Al Jarrah)
 Battle of Uhad , Encirclement of Prophet
 He was among the people of Treaty of Hudabiya
 Title of Amin ( After Battle of Tabuk, A christian delegation came and they asked from
the prophet to send someone with them to teach and settle their tribal conflicts Islam ,
Prophet sent Abu Ubaidah)
 Similarly,He was Made Aamil ( Zakat Collector) of Bahrain.
 He was given the leadership of one of the four battalions of Muslims in the Conquest of
Makkah.
 He was there at time of Saqifah Bani Sa’adah
 He spoke in favour of AbuBakr
 Umer suggested the name of Abu Ubaidah for caliphate
 Umer’ time he led the forces in Syria and Persia.
 He died of plague in Syria.

Saad Bin Abi Waqas

 Saad Bin Abi Waqas
 Hazrat Aminah ( mother of Prophet ) ‘s cousin
 He also accepted Islam on the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
 He was 17 at that time.
 He is the first one who had shed blood for Islam.
 He was the founder of City of Kufa ( in the reign of Umer)
 He migrated to Madinah
 During The Battle of Uhad he was among those who shielded the prophet, The Prophet
used to hand him the arrows and pointed him at the targets.
 famous for his generosity
 Bait e Riwan
 Six member committee of Umer
 Leader in the Battle of Qadisiya
 He died in the times hazrat Muwiya 55AH.

10: Said Ibn Zayd

 He was the brother in Law of Umer ( Husband of Fatimah bin Khaattab)
 He was also Banu Adi ( first one from his tribe to accept Islam )
 He was a monotheist
 Early Convert
 He has migrated to Madinah
  Participated in all battle except battle of Badr ( Prophet sent him to report on the caravan
abu Sufyan )
 Scribes of Holy Quran ( he has been a very prominent helping hand for Prophet in his
correspondence)
 Bait e Rizwan
 Conquest of Makkah
 Military command in times of Hazrat Umer at the Syrian Front
 Governor of Kufa , Hazrat Muwhiya time.
 Death 51 AH
 He is the narrator of the Hadith of 10 blessed companions

WIVES OF HOLY PROPHET

He was wholly and solely married to Khadija ( 25-50)
Married multiple times for religious, political or other purposes.
Ummhat tu Momineen ( Mothers of the Faithful)

Hazrat Khadija :
 Khadija Bint Khuwalid
 From the Tribe of Quraish
 First one to accept Islam
 Merchant family
 Her Father Khuwalid bin Asad he died ian Harb ul Fujar
 Monotheist
 She married to Prophet after prophet came back from Syria
 Abu Talib called their Nikkah
 Zainab, RUQQIYA, Umme Kulsom, and Fatimah, Ibrahim and Qasim
 She died after the hardships of Shab e abi Talib (Year of Sorrow)
 She Gave the Prophet emotional and family support.
 Waqa bin Nafual
 Shaib Abi Talib 3

Hazrat Sauda:
 Sauda bint Zama
 Second wife
 She 50 years old when she married to Prophet
 She was first married Sakarn ibn Amr ( early convert)
 She migrated to Abysinia
 Migration to Yasrib with the daughters of Prophet
 She was famous for her charity
 She died in the times of Hazrat Umer.
Hazrat Ayesha:
 Prophet used to call her huamira ( the red head)
 Daughter of AbuBakr
 She was the only wife of the prophet that was unmarried.
 She Migrated To yasrib
 She is famous for
1.Quran Mentions her chastity (event of ifk)
https://www.prophetmuhammad.com/prophet-muhammad-akhlaq/incident-of-ifk-story-
of-forgiveness-and-reciprocating-evil-with-goodness_63

2.Propeht died in her chamber

3.Hadith narration ( 2nd most hadith narration)
4.Battle of Jamal
 After the battle of Jammal she quit her political role.
 She was 48 years old when she died in Madinah

What can Muslims learn about the domestic Life of the Prophet? 4
Explain the teachings of Islam about the relationship between men and women.4

1. Sharing responsibilities
Men are the guardians of women, because God has given one more preference
over the other, and because they support them. (4:34)
2. Kindness
3. Islam begins at home
4. Work life balance

Hazrat Hafsa Bint e Umer:

 Daughter of Umer bin Khatiab

 Among the few ladies of that time who could read and write ( Astronomy, maths and
geography
 Jibril said to Prophet
“ she is an often fasting and worshipping lady and she will be your wife in paradise too”
 She also stopped Hazrat Ayesha from Battle of Jamal
 Custodian of Quran
 She died in 45 Hajir
 66 accounts of Hadis are narrated by her

Hazrat Umm e Habiba:

 Daughter of Abu Sufyan

 Ramla bint e abu Sufyan
  She was married to Ubayd ullah Ibn Jahash
 When they migrated to Abyssinia.
 Her husband he converted to Christianity
 When Abu Suyfayn visited her before conquest of Makkah
 She was also a lady who could read and write at that time
 She died in 44 Hijri

Zainab Bint Jahash:

 She was cousin to prophet ( her mother was the sister of Prophet’s Father)
 She was skilled in leather craft.
 First she was married to a non believer before
 She migrated to Yasrib
 She was married Zaid Bin Haris on the suggestion of prophet
Arabs thought it was wrong for a man to marry the widow or divorce of his adopted son.
Allah wanted to abolish this custom so He sent the following commandments
And (remember) when you said to him (Zayd bin Harithah) on whom Allah has bestowed grace
(by guiding him to Islam) and you have done favour (by manumitting him): "Keep your wife to
yourself, and fear Allah." But you hid in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did
fear the people (i.e., their saying that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) married the
divorced wife of his manumitted slave) whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear
Him. So when Zayd had accomplished his desire from her (i.e. divorced her), We gave her to you
in marriage, so that there may be no difficulty to the believers in respect of (the marriage of) the
wives of their adopted sons when the latter have no desire to keep them. And Allah's Command
must be fulfilled."

 Prophet marriage with Zainab has also been consummated by Allah

 She was famous for her charity
“Among my wives, she would meet me first who has the longest arms” ( Zainab passed away the
first)
 She Never left Madinah after the demise of prophet

Maria Qibti:

 She was an egyptian

 Egypt king Al Muqawaqis
 It is also narrated that she bore the son of Prophet Ibrahim as well
 She was fond of Hazrat Hajra ( wife of Ibrahim)
“ When you conquer Egypt, treat them well as they are my in-Laws”

Descendants of Prophet
“Muhammad (SAW) is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah
and the last (end) of the Prophets”
Zainab Binte Muhammad
 By Prophet’s First wife Khadija
 30 years old when she died
 During the life of prophet she died
 She married to Abu Al as Ibn Rabi
 Necklace as a wedding gift.
 Abu Al as Ibn Rabi, he was asked from Quraish to divorce
 Abu Al as Ibn rabi participated in battle of Badr
 Raid was done by Makkans ( Abu Al as Ibn Rabi)
 Then he accepted Islam
 Ali and Umamah

Ruqayya Bint Muhammad

 Second daughter of Prophet
 By his wife Khadeja
 First she married to Utba son of Abu Lahab
 After divorce she was married to Usman ( third caliph)
 Migration to abyssinia
 Migration to Yasrib
 Because of her illness Hazrat Usman could not participate in the Battle of Badr.
 He had a son from usman called abdullah

Umm e Kulsoom

 Third Daughter of Prophet

 By Prophet’s wife Khadija
 Earlier she was married to Utaybah Son of Abu Lahab
 Then she was married to Usman

Hazrat Fatimah

 Zahra
 She was married to Ali in 2 AH
 Mother of Hassan and Hussayn
 She got married in Ramdhan 2 AH
 Battle of Uhad she was the one who took care of Prophet’s wound
 Verse of Mubhila
 She is declared pure by prophet
 She is chief of the women of Jannat

Hazrat Hassan
  Son of Ali and Fatima ( elder)
 3 AH
 He was 8 years old when his mother died
 Second Imam
 He was dear to prophet
 One of the 5 pure
 Siege of Usman ( hassan was there protect him)
 During his life he has participated alongside Ali in the Battle of JAMAL,SIFFIN AND
NEHRWAN.
 He was elected as the caliph after Ali
 But Hazrat Muwiaya did not accept him as a caliph
 He made a truce with Muawiya
 Treaty of Hassan ( next leader of muslim will be decided by Shura)
 Once the prophet brought Hassan out and took him up and said” this son of mine is a
Sayyid ( respectable) and I hope that Allah will help him bring about reconciliation
between two Muslim Groups”
 He resembled a lot with Prophet
 “ Hassan and Hussyan are my flowers in the world”
 After the truce he left kufa and settled in Madinah ( gave up his political career )
 He was poisoned.

Hussain bin Ali

 3rd Imam
 He was born in 4th Hijri
 He was also present with Hazrat Ali in all his battles of caliphate
 Muwiya, nearing his death, appointed his son Yazeed as leader.
 Yazzed was not fit for Muslim
 Hussyun at the call of people of kufa marched towards Kufa but the forces of Ibn Ziyad
diverted him to Karbala where in the battle of Karbala Hazrat Hussyn received
martyrdom 61 AH

Bilal Bin Rabah

 An Abyssinian Slave ( Modern Day Ethiopia )
 Slave son to Slave Parents ( Rabah + Hamama)
 Umayyah Ibn Khalaf was his master
 Abu Bakr got him Free ( Our Sayyedi ( master) Abu Bakr has emancipated our Sayyedi
Bilal).
 Bilal was one early converts ( among first 7)
 Torture and persecuation
 upon saying Ahad his master put a burning coal on his tongue
 Migration to Madinah
 Bond of brotherhood Abu Rouweyha became his brother
 First Muazzin (the one who Call Azan)
 Title Syed ul Mubeen
 On the conquest of Makkah prophet asked bilal to get on the roof of Kaaba and call for
Azan
  Battle of badr Uhud and trench
 He Shifted to Kufa after the demise of Prophet
 He died in Battle of Siffin from The side of Ali
 Once Prophet sked “O bilal what special deeds you have done that I heard sounds of your
walking steps ahead of me in Paradise”
 I don't do anything special except I offer two Rakats after every ablution and I maintain
my ablution throughout the day”

ZAID BIN HARIS

 He was the fourth person to accept Islam
 Slave of Hakim bin Hizam ( Nephew of Hazrat Khadija)
 was called Zaid Bin Muhhmad
 Migrated to Madinah
 He was married to Zainb bint Jahash later he divorced
 prophet married Zainb bint Jahahs
 Military leader in Battle of Mu'tah
 his son Usama Bin zaid he led the campaign against byzantine n the times of Hazrat Abu
Bakr
 Surah Ahzab reference
 “And He has not made your adopted sons your (ture) sons”.

Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb Ibn Ummya:

 Real Name Sakahr bin harab

 from the tribe of Banu Ummyah
 Political leadership of Banu Ummyah in Makkah
 He became the leader of Makkans after the death of Abu Jahl
 life before Islam
Battle of Uhud, Battle of Trench
He accepted Islam conquest of Makkah
 He played a vital role battle of hunayn
 He played a role in the destruction of Al Lat in Taif
 Ahzrat Abu bakr appointed him as governor of Najran
 He played a role in the Battle of Yarmuk.

Hazrat Hamza:

 Hamza ibn Abdul Mutlab

 Banu Hahim ( Quraish)
 He was the foster brother of Prophet as well
 titles : Asad Ullah, Sayad ul Shuhda ( master of the Martyrs ) ( Battle of Uhud )
 He was famous for his archery and Hunting
 He accepted Islam after hearing that Abu Hahsim ( Abu Jahal) had injured or killed the
prophet.
  Later he migrated to Madinah
 He was given the leadership of first patrol against quraish in Madinah before Battle of
Badr
 he was the leader battle of badr shared his camel Zaid Bin Harith
 one to one battle in Badr Ali, Hamza and Ubaida bin Haris vs Utbah , shaybah and
waleed )
 Battle of Uhud he was leader , Wahshi Bin Harb slave of Hinda ( wife of abu Sufyan )
 Hinda mutilated his dead body.

ABU LAHAB
 abdul uzza bin abdul Matlib
 uncle to prophet
 opposed prophet
 When prophet stated open preaching he threw stone at prophet
 in response to that Allah revealed Surah Lahab
 Wrath of God
 Abu Sufyan ' sister Umm al Jamil wife of Abu Lahab
 “perish the two hands of Abu Lahab, and preish he”
 Abu Lahab has married two of his sons Utbah and Utaybah ( ruqya and Umm kulsom).he
got both of them divorced.
 He gave the title of Abtar to the prophet.
 Abu Talib ' death he became the leader of Banu Hashim.

a. Hazrat Salman Farsi:

 Belonged to persia
 He was a zoroastrian
 He converted to Christianity
 He was then made a slave and ended up in Madinah in Slavery
 Behire Islam his name Rozbiah
 Abu al kitabyan ( the master of two books)
 For his freedom prophet has planted 300 date trees and six hundred dinars
 “Salman is my Ahl e bait” Hadith
 He was very close to Hazrat Ali
 Hazrat Ali has given him the title of Luqman
 Upon inquiry of his ancestry he responded “ I am Salman, The son of Islam form the
child of Adam”
 His role in battle of Trench
 Hazrat Umer made him the governor of Madian ( City of Iran)
 He translated Quran into Persian
 He died in the times of Hazrat Usman.