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SPIPA English Grammar Revision Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of English grammar, covering parts of speech, tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, prepositions, conjunctions, modals, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech, error detection tips, and vocabulary including synonyms and antonyms. Each section includes definitions, examples, and rules to help with understanding and application. This serves as a revision guide for English grammar concepts essential for exams.

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44 views11 pages

SPIPA English Grammar Revision Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of English grammar, covering parts of speech, tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, prepositions, conjunctions, modals, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech, error detection tips, and vocabulary including synonyms and antonyms. Each section includes definitions, examples, and rules to help with understanding and application. This serves as a revision guide for English grammar concepts essential for exams.

Uploaded by

jayminladva1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Parts of Speech

There are 8 parts of speech:

1. Noun Name of person, place or thing (e.g., Ram, city, book)

2. Pronoun Replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it)

3. Verb Shows action or state (e.g., run, is)

4. Adjective Describes a noun (e.g., big, blue)

5. Adverb Describes a verb/adjective (e.g., quickly, very)

6. Preposition Shows relation (e.g., in, on, under)

7. Conjunction Connects words/sentences (e.g., and, but)

8. Interjection Expresses emotions (e.g., wow!, oh!)


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Tenses

Tenses show the time of action.

1. Present I eat.

2. Past I ate.

3. Future I will eat.

Each has 4 types: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.

Eg:

- Present Continuous I am eating.

- Past Perfect I had eaten.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Articles

There are two types of articles:

1. Definite Article 'The' (used for specific nouns)

2. Indefinite Article 'A' and 'An' (used for non-specific nouns)

Use 'an' before vowels (a, e, i, o, u): an apple.

Use 'a' before consonants: a book.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and verb must agree in number.

- He runs. (Singular subject singular verb)

- They run. (Plural subject plural verb)

Words like 'each', 'everyone' take singular verbs.

Eg: Everyone is ready.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Prepositions

Prepositions show relationship of a noun/pronoun with other words.

Common examples: in, on, at, by, to, with, under

Examples:

- The book is on the table.

- She sat beside me.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Conjunctions

Conjunctions join words or sentences.

Types:

1. Coordinating and, but, or

2. Subordinating because, although, if

3. Correlative either...or, neither...nor

Eg: I like tea and coffee.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Modals

Modals are helping verbs showing possibility, permission, ability.

Common modals: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must

Eg:

- You must study.

- Can I help you?


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Active & Passive Voice

Active Subject performs the action.

Passive Subject receives the action.

Eg:

- Active: She wrote a letter.

- Passive: A letter was written by her.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct Exact words in quotes.

Indirect Reported speech, no quotes.

Eg:

- Direct: He said, "I am tired."

- Indirect: He said that he was tired.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Error Detection Tips

Look for:

- Subject-verb mismatch

- Wrong tense usage

- Incorrect articles/prepositions

- Misplaced modifiers

Eg: She don't like coffee.

Correct: She doesn't like coffee.


SPIPA Exam - English Grammar Revision Notes

Vocabulary (Synonyms/Antonyms)

Synonyms Same meaning: Happy Glad

Antonyms Opposite meaning: Big Small

Common pairs:

- Fast Quick (synonym)

- Hot Cold (antonym)

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