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“This innovative text for professionals and students in the field of f­orensic
­psychology provides readers with a rare, in-depth view of the context and back-
ground to assessments and interventions used in clinical practice. I highly
­recommend these engaging case studies for those who wish to see how to apply
peer-reviewed research in practice.”
– Jay P. Singh, PhD, Visiting Scholar,
Institute of Criminology,
University of Cambridge, UK

“This book very helpfully explores the work and role of forensic psychologists
in a variety of settings using a series of case-studies. Adopting this approach
enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of how forensic psychologists
assess and formulate treatment options when assisting young people, those with
personality or neurodevelopment disorders, learning disabilities or sexual de-
viancies. Organisational considerations are usefully factored into each chapter.”
– Professor Michael Brookes OBE,
Professor of Forensic Psychology,
Chartered and Registered Forensic Psychologist, UK

“This book provides key insights into the variety of work undertaken by foren-
sic psychologists. The case studies provided are interesting to read and clearly
presented. This book is a great read for those developing their assessment and
formulation skills in forensic psychology.”
– Professor Theresa A. Gannon, Director of CORE-FP,
University of Kent and Consultant Forensic Psychologist,
Forensic Care Group, KMPT, UK
Case Studies in Forensic Psychology

Case Studies in Forensic Psychology offers the reader a unique insight into the
often-hidden world of psychological assessment and intervention with people
who have committed serious crimes. The book contains a breadth of forensic
case studies, and each chapter details the real forensic work that psychologists
do in their clinical practice in prison, psychiatric, and community settings.
­Assessment and therapeutic approaches used in each case study are discussed,
as well as the state of the literature in each area (e.g. sexual violence risk
­assessment and schema therapy).
Each chapter will take the reader through a variety of offender profiles, their
personal background, any relevant psychiatric or psychological diagnoses, and
assessments and/or treatment completed. Case studies offer valuable insight
into the clinical practice and day-to-day role of a forensic psychologist, demon-
strating the work undertaken that empirical research does not offer. Uniquely,
Case Studies in Forensic Psychology brings together treatment models and forensic
research, demonstrating how theory translates into practice and considering
whether it is effective at an individual level.
It is ideal for students of forensic psychology and forensic mental health, as
well as practitioners at any stage of their career in this rapidly expanding field.

Dr. Ruth J. Tully is a Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She is a Registered

Practitioner Psychologist with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
and is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society (BPS).

Dr. Jennifer Bamford is a Health & Care Professionals Council (HCPC)

­Registered and British Psychological Society (BPS) Chartered Forensic Psy-
chologist in the UK.
Case Studies in Forensic
Psychology

Clinical Assessment and Treatment

Edited by Ruth J. Tully and

Jennifer Bamford
First published 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 selection and editorial matter, Ruth Tully and Jennifer
Bamford; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Ruth Tully and Jennifer Bamford to be identified as
the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections
77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be
trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in- Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data
Names: Tully, Ruth, editor. | Bamford, Jennifer, editor.
Title: Case studies in forensic psychology: clinical assessment and
treatment / edited by Ruth Tully, Jennifer Bamford.
Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon;
New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Includes bilbiographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018054128 (print) | LCCN 2018055130 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780429013133 (Adobe) | ISBN 9780429013126 (ePub) |
ISBN 9780429013119 (Mobipocket) | ISBN 9781138584815 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781138584822 (pbk.) | ISBN 9780429505720 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Forensic psychology— Case studies. |
Forensic psychiatry— Case studies.
Classification: LCC R A1148 (ebook) |
LCC R A1148 .C377 2019 (print) | DDC 614/.15 — dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018054128

ISBN: 978 -1-138 -58481-5 (hbk)

ISBN: 978 -1-138 -58482-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978 - 0 - 429-50572- 0 (ebk)
Typeset in Garamond
by codeMantra
Contents

List of figures ix
List of tables x
Acknowledgements xi
Editors xii
Contributors xiv

1 Introduction 1
Ruth J. T u l ly a n d J e n n ifer Ba m for d

2 Young people: offending behaviour and community services 7

Sara Northe y

3 Sexual deviancy: assessment for court 25

Ruth J. T u l ly

4 Male personality disorder: treatment approaches within a

secure mental health setting 48
Ja m ie Yapp

5 Neurodevelopmental disorder: learning disability in secure

forensic psychiatric services 70
Ly n She lton

6 Autism spectrum disorder: females in secure forensic

psychiatric services 89
Sarah A sh worth

7 Female sexual sadism: psychological assessment for prison

parole review 109
J e n n ifer Ba m for d
viii Contents

8 Mental health and violence: forensic risk assessment

and formulation 133
Ruth J. T u l ly

9 Conclusion 149
Ruth J. T u l ly a n d J e n n ifer Ba m for d

Glossary of terms 155

Index 163
Figures

3.1 Clinical case formulation 37

4.1 Schema formulation 62
Tables

3.1 Summary of sexual violence history items 33

3.2 Summary of psychological adjustment items 33
3.3 Summary of mental disorder items 34
3.4 Summary of social adjustment items 34
3.5 Summary of manageability items 35
3.6 Summary of protective factors for Jay 40
4.1 Early maladaptive schemas and schema domains 49
4.2 Relationship between schema domains and basic needs 50
4.3 Mode domains and corresponding domains using ST in a
forensic setting 52
5.1 Sections of the Mental Health Act utilised within forensic
mental health settings in the UK 71
5.2 Summary table using the WAIS index scores 78
6.1 Jane’s ADOS-2 scores 97
7.1 Summary of historical items (e.g. past means ‘ever’ across the
lifespan, even if the problems have recently lessened) 119
7.2 Summary of clinical items (present over the last 12 months) 120
7.3 Summary of risk management items (e.g. in the next 12 months) 120
7.4 5Ps formulation 122
8.1 TABS outcomes 141
Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to each of the contributors to this book, who took the time
out of busy practices to write chapters. We do not underestimate your contri-
bution. We would also like to offer our sincere gratitude to those patients, pris-
oners, and service users who consented to have their stories told. If they did not
allow others to hear their story, there would be no opportunity for practitioners
to share experiences and learn from each other to contribute to the development
of good practice.
Editors

Dr Ruth J. Tully (0000-0001-6477-6367)

BSc (Hons), MSc, DForenPsy, CPsychol, EuroPsy, AFBPsS, CSci, MAE, AFHEA.
Dr Ruth J. Tully is a Consultant Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She is a
­Registered Practitioner Psychologist with the Health and Care P ­ rofessions
Council (HCPC) and is a Chartered Psychologist with the B ­ ritish
­Psychological Society (BPS). She holds various postgraduate ­academic qual-
ifications and a Professional Doctorate in Forensic Psychology, which is
an academic and clinical practice qualification. Dr Tully is the ­Clinical
­Director of Tully Forensic Psychology Ltd, where she and her team of
­clinical and forensic psychologists, assistant psychologists, and speech
and language therapists work nationwide in the provision of assessment,
­treatment/therapy, consultancy, and training across health and prison ser-
vices, specialising in legal contexts. Dr Tully worked in Her Majesty’s
Prison and Probation ­Service for eight years, complemented by working in
­probation and ­psychiatric settings during and after this time, ­primarily with
indeterminate/­life-­sentenced and ‘high-risk’ men and women. Dr ­Tully’s
wider experience includes working with adults and young p­ eople in the
community and secure healthcare, prison, and community settings. She is
experienced in various areas of assessment and intervention with a p­ articular
interest in violent offending, sexual offending, learning ­disability, develop-
mental disorders, and personality disorders. Dr Tully is regularly involved
in expert assessments in criminal, prison, immigration, and ­family law
cases. She is an Associate Fellow of the BPS, and in 2013, she was given a
BPS award for notable contribution to the field. Dr Tully is a recognised
European Psychologist, Chartered Scientist, and a full practitioner member
of the Academy of E ­ xperts. Dr Tully’s ethos involves turning research into
clinical practice, and she has published in peer-reviewed journals, being an
invited peer reviewer for such journals. She is also an invited speaker and
trainer at national and international events.
 Editors xiii

Dr Jennifer Bamford (0000-0003-3749-2507)

BSc (Hons), MSc, DForenPsy, CPsychol, AFBPsS, EuroPsy.
Dr Jennifer Bamford is an HCPC-Registered and BPS-Chartered Forensic
­Psychologist in the UK. She holds a BSc in Psychology, MSc in Applied
­Forensic Psychology, and a Professional Doctorate in Forensic Psychology.
Alongside clinical placements, her doctoral-level study involved ­extensive
research in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders, c­ omplementing
almost five years working for Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation ­Service
(HMPPS), specialising in the assessment and treatment of men who have
committed sexual and/or violent offences. Dr Bamford’s wider ­experience
­includes ­working with adult men and women in the community,
­secure healthcare, and prison settings, as well as with families and young
people. She is experienced in various areas of assessment and intervention,
including general offending behaviour, violent offending, sexual offending,
learning disability, mental health, and personality disorders. Dr Bamford
has published her research in sexual offending, and she has delivered lectures
at several universities in the UK. She has also trained other professionals in
ways of understanding and working with sexual offenders. Alongside her
BPS Chartership, Dr Bamford is a Full Member of the Division of ­Forensic
­Psychology, an Associate Fellow of the BPS, and she was awarded the BPS
Junior award in Forensic Psychology 2015 for ‘outstanding quality and in-
novation’. Following her HMPPS employment, Dr Bamford moved to the
private healthcare sector, and she currently works as a full-time independent
forensic psychologist in private practice.
Contributors

Dr Sarah Ashworth (0000-0003-4054-358X)

BSc (Hons), DForenPsy, CPsychol, MFBPsS.
Dr Sarah Ashworth is a Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She specialises
in working clinically with adults within secure psychiatric services with a
range of complex needs. She has published academic and clinical papers, in
addition to delivering national and international presentations. Dr Ashworth
was awarded Winner of Outstanding Paper in the 2017 Emerald Literati
Network Awards for Excellence and acts as an invited peer reviewer for ac-
ademic journals. She provides training to a range of professionals and was
awarded the Trainer Award at the National Learning Disability and Autism
Awards 2018. She enjoys teaching on a variety of programmes across the
country. Dr Ashworth also completes independent psychological assessments
and provides consultancy to a specialist autism charity.

Dr Jennifer Bamford (0000-0003-3749-2507)

BSc (Hons), MSc, DForenPsy, CPsychol.
Dr Jennifer Bamford is a Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She has worked in
a variety of forensic settings for almost ten years, including for Her Majesty’s
Prison and Probation Service, the NHS, and private hospitals. Dr Bamford
specialises in the assessment of sexual offenders and has published her re-
search in multiple-perpetrator sexual offending. Dr Bamford has worked in
private practice for almost five years, assessing people with forensic histories
in prison, hospital, and community for the purpose of parole, court hearings,
family court assessments, and tribunals.

Dr Sara Northey (0000-0002-9610-2460)

BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD, CPsychol, AFBPsS, EuroPsy.
Dr Sara Northey is a Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She has worked in the
field of forensic mental health for over 12 years, working with both male
and female offenders in this time. She has worked in prisons and in secure
mental health services and is currently the Principal Psychologist within a
 Contributors xv

Youth Offending Service. Dr Northey is also an experienced practitioner of

­Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, having used this model in her work with both
adults and adolescents. Dr Northey has a special interest in working with
complex psychological trauma and attachment difficulties in adolescents.

Lyn Shelton (0000-0001-9355-873X)

BSc (Hons), MSc, AFBPsS, CPsychol.
Lyn Shelton is a Senior Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She specialises in
working clinically with adults in complex care settings. She has a history of
working for HMPPS in England and Wales, as well as within secure psychi-
atric services. She also completes independent psychological assessments for
court and parole board reviews. Ms Shelton’s areas of specialism are working
with clients with intellectual difficulties and forensic clients with a history
of sexual offending; she has published her research on attitudes towards men
who sexually offend. She is also an Eye Movement Desensitisation Repro-
cessing (EMDR) therapist.

Dr Ruth J. Tully (0000-0001-6477-6367)

BSc (Hons), MSc, DForenPsy, CPsychol, EuroPsy, AFBPsS, CSci, MAE, AFHEA.
Dr Ruth J. Tully is a Consultant Forensic Psychologist in the UK. She is the
­Clinical Lead of Tully Forensic Psychology Ltd, where she and her team of
Forensic and Clinical Psychologists work throughout the UK in the p­ rovision
of psychological assessment, treatment/therapy, consultancy, and training.
Dr Tully’s wider experience includes working with adults and young people in
secure healthcare, social care, prison, and community settings. Dr Tully has
an active research, publication, and public -speaking profile. She is c­ onsidered
a leading authority on violence and sex offender risk ­assessment in relation to
research, clinical work, and training professionals.

Dr Jamie Yapp (0000-0002-8038-888X)

BSc (Hons), ForenPsyD, CPsychol.
Dr Jamie Yapp has been practising as a Forensic Psychologist in the UK for
ten years, having worked in secure forensic services for women and in male
autism spectrum disorder forensic inpatient services. He has also published
within the academic field in the area of offender profiling. Dr Yapp currently
works in private psychological practice, completing independent risk assess-
ment reports for Court and parole board reviews, including assessment of
risk, personality, mental health, and intellectual functioning. He is also a
schema therapist and is a certified member of the International Society of
Schema Therapy (ISST).
Chapter 1

Introduction
Ruth J. Tully and Jennifer Bamford

Forensic psychology practice

Forensic psychologists practice psychology in the field of crime and law. They
typically work with people who have committed a crime (or may be at risk of
doing so), victims of crime, and organisations involved in the criminal justice
system. It would therefore be easy to assume that the range of work u­ ndertaken,
or settings worked in, by a forensic psychologist is somewhat limited. H­ owever,
this is not the case. In the UK, forensic psychologists work within varied
­settings alongside other applied psychologists, such as clinical and counselling
psychologists. Examples of the types of environments forensic psychologists
work in include:

• Prisons
• Secure psychiatric hospitals
• Community forensic healthcare settings
• Community probation settings
• Children’s residential care homes
• Court settings
• Research settings
• Private practice
• Academia

Given these varied settings, it is clear that the client groups worked with can
vary. Depending on their skills, training, and expertise, forensic psychologists
can work with client groups such as:

• Any person posing a risk to other people and/or themselves

• People with mental health difficulties
• People with personality disorders
• People who have a learning disability
• People who pose a risk to those within their family
• People who have committed a crime, including sexual and violent crimes
2 Ruth J. Tully and Jennifer Bamford

• Victims and/or witnesses of crime

• Those who find themselves subjects of Court proceedings or initiating
Court proceedings
• Prisoners
• Patients detained in secure psychiatric hospitals
• Adults, young people, and children (male or female)
• Professionals working in the criminal justice system

In the UK, there used to be a stereotype of forensic psychologists as all being

criminal profilers, as was portrayed in a 1990s popular crime drama Cracker.
However, in reality, there are very few psychologists directly employed by the
police in the UK. It was also considered in the past that forensic p­ sychologists
work primarily in prisons and with offenders, rather than in the wide range of
settings that they actually work in. However, much valuable work is u­ ndertaken
by forensic psychologists with victims. Although in the UK, Her Majesty’s
Prison and Probation Services (HMPPS) are the largest employer of forensic
psychologists, a growing number are employed in forensic mental health care
and other settings. In the UK, forensic psychiatric hospitals are run either by
the National Health Service (NHS) or by private healthcare providers, which
are funded by the NHS to deliver services. There is a steadily growing num-
ber of forensic psychologists working in private healthcare settings, which pose
different organisational strengths and challenges when compared to publicly
funded NHS settings. In healthcare settings, it is also very common that a
forensic psychologist would be working alongside other applied psychologists
such as clinical or counselling psychologists, each complementing the other
with a different range of skills and expertise.
The training route for forensic psychology in the UK, and internationally,
is intensive and takes years of study, research, and supervised clinical practice.
In our experience, this rigorous and challenging process produces psychologists
who are very passionate about the work they do. Due to the complex, ­sensitive,
and confidential nature of the work completed by forensic ­psychologists, it is of-
ten difficult to get an insight into their day-to-day practice. This case study book
therefore not only aims to provide insight into what works in the a­ ssessment,
treatment, and management of those individuals whom forensic psychologists
work with, but it also aims to provide the reader with a rare insight into the
type of assessments and interventions undertaken by forensic psychologists.
Any psychologist working in a forensic environment will be aware that
there is always more than one ‘client’ in any given case. This is because the
patient being worked with, the general public (whose risk protection is cru-
cial), and the organisation responsible for the treatment and assessment of the
patient can all be considered as relevant ‘clients’ or stakeholders. This poses
ethical and legal challenges because to detain a person who poses a high risk
of harm to others deprives them of their liberty yet to not detain them may
place other people (or the patient themselves) at an unacceptable risk of serious
 Introduction 3

harm. The forensic psychologist therefore has a difficult balance to maintain,

and defensible decision-making is paramount at every stage of working with
individuals in this context. The typical expectations of seeing a psychologist
or therapist, such as confidentiality, therefore do not apply in forensic contexts,
and psychologists have to ensure that the patient is engaging with them on the
basis of ­understanding the limits to confidentiality and the multiple roles of the
psychologist.
These are not the only ethical issues and dilemmas faced in this area.
­Psychologists are often involved in forensic risk assessment, such as when
contributing to the parole process and making recommendations for the pro-
gression (or otherwise) of a person to open prison or the community, or when
involved in mental health review tribunals and giving opinion on the safe dis-
charge of the patient into the community or other lower secure services. This
can, at times, lead to the psychologist’s recommendations being unpopular with
one party or another; for example, an individual who wants to be released from
prison or ­discharged from hospital will not be happy if the psychologist’s rec-
ommendation is for them to remain in a secure setting. This can have a range
of implications, such as client disengagement from services and a decline in
their well-being. Alternatively, the recommendation may not be popular with
the general public or the offender’s victim(s) if the recommendation is to pro-
gress, for example, to an open prison where potentially the offender could access
victims. This demonstrates the importance of a joined-up approach to working
with forensic clients, where other professionals involved also consider this range
of issues, and between professionals, appropriate plans can be actioned that
keep the right people informed of the right issues, and which ultimately min-
imise risk. The chapters of this book will serve to highlight the importance of
involving a range of professionals alongside the psychologist.

Lessons learned from case studies

Case studies offer valuable insight into the clinical practice and day-to-day role
of a forensic psychologist, and the work undertaken, that empirical research
does not offer. There are many textbooks available that relate to this specific
field, many treatment model handbooks, and much research into forensic ­issues.
However, there is little available that draws this all together, demonstrating how
this translates into practice, and considering if this is effective at an individual
level. This book will provide a varied overview of assessment and ­treatment
across some of the settings already mentioned in this chapter and will consider
the impact of the work completed by the forensic psychologist in each case.
The patients we work with are not defined by their offence or client group
(e.g. offender with mental health problems), although how we treat and assess
patients does link back to what research has demonstrated as being effective
with people with certain difficulties. For example, it has long been debated as to
‘what works?’ with sex offenders, with contemporary treatment being based on
4 Ruth J. Tully and Jennifer Bamford

years of individual studies and meta-analyses to address this specific question.

Therefore, whilst as psychologists we do not wish to define people by ‘client
group’ or the setting in which we assessed or treated them, we have to offer the
reader some distinction by making reference to these issues so that insight can
be gained into what informed the work completed with these individuals.
The primary settings of these case studies are legal (Court), secure p­ sychiatric
services, and prisons, with each chapter offering a different theme such as sexual
deviance, psychopathy, and mental health. Each case we work with is different. For
example, one female forensic patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is signifi-
cantly different from another female forensic patient with the same diagnosis, and
whilst we have to look at the literature and evidence base as to ‘what works’ with
this particular group of people, we also have to consider what have commonly
been referred to as ‘RNR’ principles, meaning risk, needs, and responsivity. These
principles assist in prioritising treatment appropriately and provide the most suit-
able intensity or level of service for a patient based on the level of ‘risk’, as well as
helping psychologists consider the type of treatment required, based on treatment
and risk-related ‘needs’. The ‘responsivity’ p­ rinciple allows us to consider the some-
times clear and sometimes subtle issues that apply to a patient and which might
impact their ability to engage in assessment and treatment. These issues can link
to learning needs, or triggers for distress, and personality style. By being aware of
these issues, psychologists can then plan so as to attempt to maximise the impact
of treatment for that individual. This RNR model was first put forward in 1990
by Andrews, Bonta and Hoge (1990), a­ lthough has since been expanded upon
and discussed in the context of c­ ognitive social learning theory and personality
(e.g. Andrews & Bonta, 2006). Other principles are commonly discussed in the
literature alongside the RNR model, such as the therapeutic relationship between
client and therapist/­supervisor, and organisational issues that can facilitate the
provision of services designed to assist change. Ultimately, the RNR principles
operate on the premise that risk reduction is possible, and the literature over time
about what works and for whom has been mixed, although positively these mixed
findings have resulted in more methodologically sound research in this area, and
researchers have also developed hypotheses as to why some treatments have been
effective for some offenders and others have not been (Andrews et al., 1990).
In the forensic field, as in any area of healthcare, there is a focus on providing
evidence-based assessment and interventions, underpinned by rigorous research.
It is clear that a ‘one size fits all’ approach to working with offenders or victims is
unlikely to be successful, based on the ‘responsivity’ principle when considering
offenders, and the case studies within this book all demonstrate the importance
of not just the individual’s characteristics but also the context or environment in
which they are being assessed and treated. It is one thing to consult the research,
for instance, on effective risk-reduction treatment, but another to translate this
into effective treatment in practice, with Andrews and Bonta (2006) discuss-
ing that ‘real world’ treatment effects are smaller than those found in research
conditions. Despite this, the RNR principles have been considered successful,
 Introduction 5

with organisations that apply RNR principles being found to more significantly
reduce reoffending when compared to organisations that do not apply these prin-
ciples (Lowenkamp, Latessa & Smith, 2006). Therefore, the RNR model tends to
be considered and applied within contemporary forensic services alongside what
can be varied modes of therapy. For instance, ­Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT),
which considers reciprocal roles (Ryle, 1997) underpinned by psychoanalytic, cog-
nitive, and personal construct ­theory, has been found to be useful for offenders
(Pollock, 2006; Tully & ­Barrow, 2017). Additionally, within the field of sex-of-
fender treatment, ­cognitive behavioural approaches have been considered to be
effective in risk reduction (Moster, Wnuk & Jeglic, 2008), although this remains
a controversial area with findings in the UK recently being less than promising
(Mews, Di Bella & Purver, 2017). These approaches to treatment highlight that
the RNR principles can be applied within and alongside other models, and the
cases ­discussed in this book are good examples of the application of such princi-
ples in the assessment and treatment of individuals with a history of offending
behaviour, or at risk of harming themselves and/or other people.
It is important to note that because of the very nature of the work completed
by forensic psychologists, clinical judgement is a big part of the job. Structured
tools may guide practice, and research may inform practice, but often clini-
cal interpretation is how we make sense of all of that, balanced against what
we know about our client. This means that sometimes clinicians can disagree
about cases: how someone is defined, what their risks are, what treatment they
may need, and how that treatment is delivered. There are lots of variables to
consider and room for sometimes differing clinical viewpoints on each of them.
The chapters in this book represent the clinical view and practice of each psy-
chologist author in relation to that patient and the context of the assessment
and treatment at that time. Whilst we will outline the theories and research
that have underpinned our assessment, we accept that there may be a number
of differing viewpoints from clinicians on an individual case. This, after all,
is what sparks healthy, helpful debate amongst those working in forensic psy-
chology, which ultimately helps ensure that treatment, assessment, and man-
agement recommendations fully consider the risk and needs of all concerned.

The structure of this book

This case study book presents one individual case per chapter. Each ‘case’ is a
patient/client worked with by the author as part of their day-to-day role as a
forensic psychologist.
Each of the patients discussed in this book gave informed consent to take
part. Despite the careful anonymisation of the information in each case, where
a circumstance or other information could potentially be recognisable, we have
edited the work to protect both offenders’ and victims’ confidentiality. However,
each case remains true to the themes and nature of the case as it was dealt with
at the time and can be seen as an accurate portrayal of the cases worked with.
6 Ruth J. Tully and Jennifer Bamford

References
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2006). The psychology of criminal conduct (4th ed.). Newark,
NJ: LexisNexis.
Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Hoge, R. D. (1990). Classification for effective rehabilita-
tion: Rediscovering psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, 19–52.
Andrews, D. A., Zinger, I., Hoge, R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen, F. T. (1990).
Does correctional treatment work? A psychologically informed meta-­analysis.
­Criminology, 28, 369–404.­
Lowenkamp, C. T., Latessa, E. J., & Smith, P. (2006). Does correctional program qual-
ity really matter? The impact of adhering to the principles of effective intervention.
Criminology & Public Policy, 5, 575–594.
Mews, A., Di Bella, L., & Purver, M. (2017). Impact evaluation of the prison-based core sex
offender treatment programme. London, UK: Ministry of Justice.
Moster, A., Wnuk, D. W., & Keglic, E. L. (2008). Cognitive behavioural therapy
­interventions with sex offenders. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 14(2), 109–121.
Pollock, P. H. (2006). Final thoughts: the way forward for cognitive analytic therapy in
forensic settings. In P. H. Pollock, M. Stowell-Smith, & M. Gopfert (Eds.), Cognitive
Analytic Therapy for offenders: A new approach to forensic psychotherapy (pp. 323–326).
Hove: Routledge.
Ryle, A. (1997). The structure and development of borderline personality disorder: A
proposed model. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(1), 82–87.
Tully, R. J., & Barrow, A. (2017). Using an integrative, cognitive analytic therapy
(CAT) approach to treat intimate partner violence risk. Journal of Aggression, Conflict
and Peace Research, 9(2), 128–140.
Chapter 2

Young people
Offending behaviour and
community services
Sara Northey

Overview
This chapter considers a case study involving psychological assessment and
intervention with a young person who has committed a number of criminal
offences. The referral, assessment, and initial intervention will be detailed,
­followed by a number of recommendations for future therapeutic intervention.

The needs of children and young people

Over the past 15 years, a number of policy documents have been published
­focusing on the mental health needs of children and adolescents. For example,
in 2004, the Department of Health set out a plan for a comprehensive Child and
Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), which is now being implemented
(Department of Health, 2004). Voicing similar hopes to those in the document
entitled ‘Changing the Outlook’ (Department of Health and HMPS, 2001),
the National Service Framework insisted that children and young ­people in
custody have the same right to access specific mental health services as do those
in the general population. More recently, a government strategy document
‘Healthy Children, Safer Communities’ (Department of Health, ­Department of
­Children, Schools, and Families and Ministry of Justice, 2009) has highlighted
the need for young people in contact with the criminal justice system to be
viewed holistically. This document focused on the need for early identification
of young people’s mental health needs, whether directly related to their offend-
ing behaviour or not.
The Youth Offending Service (YOS) works with young people between the
ages of 10 and 17 who have committed offences or are at risk of offending.
The criminal age of responsibility in the UK is ten years. A fundamental goal
of the YOS is to work with young people who present with increased risk of
offending to reduce this risk and prevent young people from entering the cus-
todial system. Typically, the YOS will become involved if a young person has
committed an offence and had contact with the police following arrest, has been
charged with a crime and has to attend Court, or has been convicted and given
8 Sara Northey

a sentence. Usually, the police are the first to make contact with YOS regarding
a young person who has come to their attention. The YOS is part of the local
council and is separate from the police and the Courts, but works very closely
with these services.
The typical community sentences young people can receive include Youth
­Rehabilitation Orders (YRO), Referral Orders, and Reparation Orders. H­ owever,
if a young person has committed a serious crime, including sexual or violent
offences, they may receive a custodial sentence to be served within the secure
estate. A YRO can last up to three years, and the Court will decide the number
of requirements a young person will have to complete during the course of the
YRO. This may include substance misuse and/or psychological intervention,
voluntary community work, and offence-focused interventions, usually com-
pleted with a dedicated caseworker from the YOS. A Referral ­Order involves
a programme of work devised by a panel of people from the local commu-
nity alongside the YOS caseworker, which the young person must complete.
A ­Referral Order may be short, lasting for a matter of months, or may be more
comprehensive (depending on offence type and level of risk) and be over a year
in duration. A Reparation Order requires the young person to complete a pe-
riod of work where they ‘make up’ for the damage caused to the community
resulting from their crime. This may include gardening, painting, or removing
graffiti, for example. The Reparation Order will focus on a number of hours
of work that the young person must complete. If a young person breaches any
of these orders by not completing some or all of the requirements, then they
may be returned to Court and re-sentenced. Published data shows that ­Referral
­Orders are consistently more effective than other sentences, in that young peo-
ple given a Referral Order are less likely to reoffend than those given other
types of sentence. This is the case even taking into account the fact that these
orders are often given to young people for a first offence, and the offences are
generally less serious (HM Inspectorate of Probation, 2016).
The YOS is focused on diverting young people away from crime and
­offending behaviour. In order to work with young people at risk of offend-
ing, they have developed a number of initiatives aimed at preventing crime.
­Examples include the development of a Prevention Team that specialises in
working with young people at risk of offending who may have received a final
warning; the YOS offers a specialist programme aimed at diverting them from
further offending. This is delivered on a voluntary basis and requires the young
person to self-motivate to attend. The YOS will also work with parents and
carers, taking a whole family approach to reducing risk.
The mental health needs of children and young people within the c­ riminal
justice system have been well-documented (e.g. Harrington & Bailey, 2005).
Prevalence rates of mental health problems vary from study to study, r­ anging
between 50% and 100% (e.g. Fazel, Doll & Långström, 2008; Kroll et al., 2002).
Kroll et al. (2002) studied boys aged 12 to 17 in secure care and found that
depression and anxiety were the most frequent disorders, and psychological
 Young people’s offending behaviour 9

assessment and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT; Beck et al., 1979) the
most frequently offered interventions. Harrington and Bailey’s (2005) study
of young offenders both in custody and the community found that 31% of
their sample had an identifiable mental health issue. One-fifth of their partici-
pants were suffering from depression, and a tenth had engaged in self-­harming
behaviour in the month preceding the study. Similarly, around one in ten of
their sample exhibited symptoms of anxiety. Conduct disorder, depression,
and substance misuse were found to frequently co-occur. Therefore, research
demonstrates that mental health needs are prevalent within the population of
adolescents who offend and include anxiety, depression, self-harming behaviour,
and substance misuse. CBT appears to be the most popular intervention offered
to this population.
Young people in contact with the YOS may have had difficult childhoods.
Research shows that young offenders are a particularly vulnerable group,
­frequently with a history of neglect, child protection intervention, social care
placements, family breakdown, and school exclusions (Harrington et al., 2005;
Jacobson et al., 2010). Official estimates suggest that a quarter of boys and
two in five girls in custody report suffering violence at home (Youth Justice
Board, 2007) and that 27% of young men and 45% of young women disclose
having spent some time in care (HM Inspectorate of Prisons, 2011). Some of
those in contact with YOS have been taken into care due to neglect or abuse and
may not live with their biological parents whilst working with us. One or both
parents may have offended and been taken into custody themselves, a parent
may have had a significant illness, or the child may have been bereaved by the
death of a parent. Such events are known as Adverse Childhood Experiences or
ACEs. Research has found that a higher number of ACEs are linked to the in-
creased likelihood of offending throughout the life cycle (e.g. Farrington, 2005).
Young people’s traumatic childhoods may have impacted their ability to
form secure attachments to others (Shillkret & Shillkret, 2011) and they may
display challenging behaviours as a result of an inability to regulate their own
emotions (Dvir et al., 2014). Secure attachments with caregivers play a vital
role in aiding children to develop the ability to modulate physiological arousal.
The inability to regulate the intensity of feelings and impulses may be the
most far-reaching effect of trauma and neglect. Emotional dysregulation leads
to a range of behaviours that are best understood as attempts at self-regulation.
These include aggression, self-harming behaviours, eating disorders, and sub-
stance misuse (van der Kolk & Fisler, 1994).
Due to the increasing understanding of the impact of trauma and attach-
ment difficulties on young people’s risk of offending (for example, Patterson,
DeBaryshe & Ramsey, 1990), there tends to be a psychologist or mental health
practitioner within the YOS in each geographical area in England and Wales.
If a caseworker is concerned that a child they are working with is experiencing
mental health or emotional well-being difficulties, they can make a referral to
a psychologist or mental health practitioner within their own service rather
10 Sara Northey

than having to make a referral to the National Health Service (NHS) CAMHS.
This can reduce waiting times and ensure that a child within YOS can access
mental health support and treatment as soon as possible. It can also provide the
opportunity for a child to develop positive coping strategies, address trauma
symptoms, and discuss attachment difficulties with a trained professional,
hopefully having a positive impact on their risk of offending. However, it may
sometimes be the case that a young person within the YOS requires medical
intervention for a more serious mental health issue, such as psychosis, or more
specific ­expertise, such as autism services. In this case, the YOS mental health
practitioner or psychologist will conduct an assessment prior to making a refer-
ral to the relevant service.
The role of the psychologist within the YOS is wide-ranging and varied.
They may be required to provide an assessment of a young person’s general
mental health functioning, including any symptoms of depression or ­anxiety,
for example. They may also be tasked with more specific assessments such
as tests for c­ ognitive functioning or developmental disorders such as autism.
A ­psychologist may assess for emerging symptoms of psychosis or complex
­issues such as trauma. Following assessment, a psychologist working within the
YOS may then provide therapeutic intervention or it may be more appropriate
to refer to another service for longer-term assessment followed by intervention.
In addition to individual assessment and intervention with a young person,
the psychologist may provide input to pre-sentence reports to assist the Court or
may provide additional consultation to a caseworker regarding their work with
the young person. The work may not directly involve the young ­person but
will often provide a psychological formulation of their difficulties, ­enabling
the caseworker to work most effectively with the young person by d­ eveloping
a deeper understanding of their presentation. The psychologist may be able to
signpost to relevant services within the community, such as counselling for
emotional well-being or substance misuse services. Furthermore, one of the
psychologist’s roles is to facilitate a reflective practice forum for staff working
within the service in order to prevent staff burnout and increase understanding
of complex mental health issues.
The aim of this chapter is to provide an example of a forensic ­psychologist’s
work with a young person involved with the YOS. The process of referral, as-
sessment, and intervention will be detailed.

Client background

Referral
The case being discussed within this chapter involves a young man who is being
referred to as Mark (his true identity has been anonymised). Mark is 17 years old
and had been known to the YOS for some time due to a history of ­minor offences.
Concerns had been raised for some time regarding his emotional well-being and
 Young people’s offending behaviour 11

mental health functioning. Particular concerns were raised about Mark’s low
mood, anxiety, and lack of remorse regarding his offending behaviour alongside
his substance misuse history. A mental health practitioner within the YOS re-
ferred Mark to CAMHS due to concerns about Mark’s presentation. Mark and
his father were offered an appointment for assessment, within which the young
person is given the opportunity to discuss their c­ oncerns and hopes for the fu-
ture, their risk of harm to self and others is assessed, and a plan is formulated
with both the young person, their family, and the member of the CAMHS
team. Following this initial assessment, the CAMHS worker recommended that
Mark undergo a thorough assessment with the YOS psychologist and that ther-
apeutic intervention be facilitated by the YOS. This initiated my contact with
Mark and his family.

Family history
Mark’s mother suffered from postnatal depression following his birth, and for the
first few months after he was born, they resided together in a mother and baby
unit for mental health and parenting support. Mark’s maternal ­grandmother
was extremely supportive during this time and continued to p­ rovide intensive
support for the first two years of his life. His father was notably ­distant during
his very early years and felt unable to provide much support for his wife’s men-
tal health issues due to his own alcohol dependence.
From around two years of age, Mark lived with both of his parents. However,
the couple’s relationship broke down when Mark was 11 years old and they
divorced. Mark appears to have struggled to cope with the ending of his par-
ents’ marriage and engaged in some self-harming behaviour at this time, which
involved scratching himself and superficial cutting. He did not require medical
attention for his wounds. Mark also recalled experiencing some fleeting ­suicidal
thoughts at this time. He presented as having difficulty in managing his emo-
tions, particularly anger, and he experienced periods of low mood alongside
what he reported as periods of dissociation (altered state of consciousness).
During these periods where he appeared to be dissociating, he would describe
a feeling of being outside of his own body, being disconnected from his actions.
Family dynamics were disrupted, and in the years following his parents’ di-
vorce, Mark maintained little contact with his father, electing to live with his
mother. Mark’s father had long-term difficulties relating to heavy alcohol use,
which appears to have contributed to the distant relationship he and Mark
had over the years. However, following a meal at his father’s home, there had
been a disagreement between Mark and his father, where Mark had threat-
ened his father with a knife. They ceased contact with each other following
this altercation. Mark had expressed deep anger and resentment towards his
father, who remarried and had a young son, Mark’s half-brother. Mark de-
scribed feeling “rejected and abandoned” by his father despite him choosing to
live with his mother. He had more recently chosen to cease all contact with his
12 Sara Northey

father and half-brother. Since this time, Mark expressed suicidal thoughts and
had engaged in self-harming behaviour, cutting himself with a knife. He also
­reported that if he saw his father again, he would “kill him”. In addition, Mark’s
father reported that he believed Mark had stolen money from him in the past,
which he had not reported to the police.
Although Mark had decided to stay with his mother following his parents’
divorce, his relationship with her was strained. Mark reported that he had little
respect for his mother, and they did not have a particularly close relationship.
He appeared angry that his mother “works all the time”, and he felt she was una-
vailable to him, ignoring his phone calls whilst she was at work. Mark expressed
that he felt a need to escalate his risk in order “to get her attention”. He stated that
if the police telephoned her about him “then she’ll have to pay attention”. Mark’s
mother worked full time as a nurse, often needing to work long hours leaving
Mark at home alone. She found it difficult to reprimand or discipline her son,
particularly as he became older, as she said that she felt “frightened” of him.

Education
Mark attended mainstream primary school and his attendance was good.
He denied being bullied or bullying others. He went on to start mainstream
­secondary education; however, during his parents’ divorce, he would frequently
truant from school and began spending time with older peers who engaged in
criminal behaviour.
Despite being an articulate and intelligent young man, Mark did not p­ erform
well in his GCSEs (exams taken aged 15 years) and was disappointed with his
­results. He was able to retake his exams and performed slightly better but ­continued
to be disappointed by his results, believing that he could have done better.
Mark’s behaviour at secondary school was disruptive and he was increas-
ingly aggressive, towards both pupils and staff. He had been in trouble at
school due to his violent behaviour and had been excluded several times.
He self-reported to have broken a teacher’s hand on one occasion, although
this remained unconfirmed. Following this incident, Mark was permanently
­excluded at 15 and transferred to a local Pupil Referral Unit (PRU). He
continued to demonstrate behavioural difficulties at the PRU and assaulted
another pupil on one occasion, smashing windows and kicking down doors
whilst chasing the pupil between classrooms. Mark described this event as an
“out of body experience”, and although he claimed not to remember what hap-
pened due to what he described as being “dissociated”, he provided a clear and
detailed account when questioned.
At the time of assessing Mark, he was not in education, employment, or
training. He was initially motivated to attend college; however, he had been
unable to obtain a place due to his forensic history and lack of qualifications.
Mark expressed an interest in pursuing a career in the Armed Forces.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
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katekes -en -er. -kuulustelu katekesförhör. -kysymys katekesfräga. -
luku katekesläsning. -läksy katekesläxa. katko (bot.) odört -en -er.
katko] minen avbrytande; avslitande; stympande. -n bryter* (poikki)
av, (rikki) sönder; (repimällä) sliter^ av, sönder; (typistän) stympar;
k. kahleeni, sönderbryter minä bojor; mieltäni, sydäntäni katkoo,
(etoo) det kväljer mig; jag känner obehag; (äitelyttää) det äcklar
mig. -nainen avbruten; (typistetty) stympad; abrupt; (katkelmainen)
fragmentarisk; (sotkuinen) osammanhängande; katkonaiset sanat,
avbrutna, osammanhängande ord; katkonaisessa muodossa, i
stympad, abrupt, fragmentarisk form. -naisesti med avbrott;
osammanhängande. -nta* avbrytning; avslitning; stympning.
katkorapu* räkä. katku (haju) lukt -en (jnk, av ngt); (löyhkä) stank -
en; (häkä) os -et; jstk lähtee, jk antaa pahaa katkua, ngt luktar,
stinker*, osar iJla. -inen luktande; stinkande; osande; pahak.,
illaluktande, -stinkande. kato* (tappio) förlust -en -er; (kiel.) elision;
(puute) nöd -en; (huono vuosi) missväxt -en; viljasta tuli kato,
skörden slog f el. -amaton (häviämätön) oförgänglig; (ikuinen)
ovansklig; (poistumaton) outplänlig. -amattomasti oförgängligt;
outplänligt. -amattomuus oförgänglighet; ovansklighet;
outplänlighet. -amiiien försvinnande. -an* försvinner* ; (joudun
pois) kommer* bort; (joudun hukkaan) förkommer*, borttappas;
(haihdun) förgär*; kauneus katoaa, skönheten försvinner, förlorar
sig, förgär; kadonnut, försvunnen; bortkommen; förkommen,
borttappad; on kadonnut, har försvunnit, är försvunnen. -avainen
förgänglig; (epävakaa) vansklig. -avaisuus förgänglighet;
förgängelse; vansklighet. katoli|laisuus = k a t o li s u'u s. -nen s.
katolik -en -er; a. katolsk. -n|usko katolicism. -s|aikuinen frän, pä
katolska tiden. -suus katolicism -en.
 kat 169 kai katonialainen takbjälke -en -ar, -spane -en -ar. -
alus taldag -et =. -harja takäs. -kannatin takbjälke -en -ar; takstol -
en -ar. -kannatus taklag -et. -panijataktäckare. -pano taktäckning. -
peiteaine taktäckningsmaterial. -raja takröste -t -n. -räystäs takfot -
foten -fötter. -taite takbrott. -voitelu takbestrykning; (-aine
takbestrykningsämne) . katos (vaja) skjul -et =; (katto) tak-et=;
(peite) täcke -t -n; (verho) hölje -t -n. -alla under tak. katoj vilja
ängersäd. -vuosi missväxtär, nödär. katrilli (tanssi) kadrilj -en -er.
katsahjdan* blickar; ser*; he katsahtivat toisiinsa, de blickade, sägo
pä varandra. -dus blick -en -ar. -taminen blickande. katsanto*
päseende; (katse) uppsyn -en; anblick -en; (näkökanta) synpunkt,
avseende; ensi katsannolta, vid första päseendet, anblicken. -kanta
(näkö-) synpunkt -en -er; (kanta) ständpunkt -en -er (-ha, frän);
(mielipide) äsikt -en -er. -tapa äskädningssätt, betraktelsesätt.
katsas|taja besiktnings-, syneman -mannen -män; (tarkastaja)
granskare; (vir.) inspektör. -taminen besiktigande; synande;
granskande; inspekterande; inventerande. -tan besiktigar; synar;
(toimitan katsastuksen) anställer besiktning (jnk, av ngt),
(katselmuksen) syn (ä ngt); (tarkastan) granskar; (vir.) inspekterar;
(sot.) mönstrar; k. (kalustoa, varastoa) inventerar (lagret). -tus
besiktning; (katselmus) syn -en -er; (tarkastus) granskning;
inspektion; (kaluston-) inventering; (sot.) mönstring; (-kirja
besiktningsinstrument; -kustannus besiktningskostnad; -lääkäri
besiktningsläkare; -mies besiktningsman; -oikeus besiktningsrätt; -
palkkio besiktningsarvode; -päivä besiktningsdag; -toimisto
besiktningsbyrä). -tutan* läter* besiktiga, syna; läter* anställa
besiktning (jnk, av ngt), syn (ä ngt). katsaus (yleis-) översikt -en -er,
-blick -en -ar (jhk, av ngt); (silmäys) blick -en -ar (pä ngt); vrt.
katsahdus. katse uppsyn -en; (silmäys) blick -en -ar; vrt. katsanto, -
leminen betraktande, beskädande. -Ien ser* (jtk, pä ngt); (tutkien)
betraktar; tager^ i betraktande; (huvikseni) beskädar, äskädar,
äser*; beser*; k. ulos, ser, tittar uL; taulu on aiottu täältä
katseltavaksi, tavlan är avsedd att betraktas, beskädas, beses
härifrän; k. näytöstä, äskädar, ser pä en uppvisning; se on kaunis
katsella, den är skön att skäda; den tager sig väl ui; k. maailmaa,
ser mig cm i världen; kaupungissa on monta katseltavaa paikkaa, i
staden finnas mänga sevärda ställen; k. itselleni jtk istuinsijaa,
(etsin) ser mig cm efter ngn sittplats; panen katseltavaksi, utställer
tili päseende; suosiollisesti katseltavaksi, tili benäget päseende. -lija
äskädare; (tarkastelija) betraktare; [-kunta äskädare (pL); (yleisö)
publik -en; -n|paikka ja -n|sija äskädareplats]. -Imoin synar;
anställer, förrättar syn. -Imukseni pitäjä syneförrättare. -Imus* syn -
en -er; besiktning; (sot.) mönstring; toimittaa jnk, jssk k., förrätta
syn ä ngt; vrt. katsastus; (-arvio synevärdering; -herra
mönsterlierre; -kirja syneinstrument -et = ; -lautakunta synenämnd;
-mies syneman; -pyötäkirja syneprotokoll; -toimitus syneförrättning).
katsojen kts. katson, -ja äskädare; vrt. katselija; (-lava estrad för
äskädare). -ma [haluinen skädelysten. -minen betraktande; /. n. e.;
vrt. katselemin e n; katsomista ansaitseva, värd att beses; sevärd. -
mo äskädarplats -en -er; (teatterin) teatersalong -en -er. katsojn
ser* (pä); (katselen) betraktar, beskädar; (pidän) anser*, häller^;
(huomaan) finner^; (havaitsen) befinner*; (harkitsen) prövar; katso
tänne, se hiti tule katsomaan, kom och se! katso eteesi, se dig före!
katso tätä kirjaa, se pä denna bok! betrakta denna bok! k. kirjasta,
ser (efter) i boken; k. jkh, ser pä ngn; k. häntä vieraaksi, betraktar,
anser, honom som gäst; häller honom för en gäst; k. hänet
päteväksi, syylliseksi siilien, betraktar honom som, anser, prövar
finner honom kompetent, skyldig därtill; k. velvollisuudekseni, anser
för min plikt; k. oikeaksi, anser, prövar rättvist; k. parastani, ser pä
mitt bästa; (pidän puoliani) stär pä mitt bästa; syyksi tähän katson
sitä seikkaa, som skäl härtill anser jag den omständigheten; skulden
härtill tillskriver jag den omständigheten; k. itselleni paikan, utser at
mig en plats; ser mig om efter plats; älä katso sen pienuutta, se icke
tili dess litenhet; olisi katsottava, että, (pidettävä huolta) det borde
ses tili, tillses, att; sinun pitää katsoa, että, du mäste se tili, att;
(toimittaa) du bör sä begä. att; katsoen asian tärkeyteen, i
betraktande av, med avseende pä, med hänsyn tili sakens vikt;
inhimillisesti katsoen, mSinskligt sett; mielteen katsomatta, utan av 
 kat 170 kau seende pä person; utan anseende tili
personen; utan mannamän; tähän katso?fiatta, utan avseende pä,
oavsett detta; (tästä huolimatta) oberoende av detta, seurauksiin
katsomatta, utan att fästa avseende vid följderna; oberoende av
följderna; tarkemmin katsottaessa, katsoen vid närmare
betraktande, päseende; k. sen edullisemmaksi, anser det, finner det
fördelaktigare; en katso olevan syytä siihen, jag finner ej skäl därtill;
jos hänet katsotaan siihen, siksi sopivaksi, om han befinnes därtill
lämplig; k. hyväksi, finner, aktar för gott; käyn katsomassa jkta,
(jkun luona) besöker ngn; (tervehtimässä) hälsar pä ngn; minulla on
jo talo katsottuna, jag har redan sett mig om efter gärd; katsoppas
vain, (ihmeteltäessä) ser man pä! katsottava, (katsomista
ansaitseva) sevärd. -nta* uppsikt -en; (-mies uppsyningsman).
kattajia taktäckare. -maton icke täckt; k. pöytä, odukat bord. -minen
takning, taidäggning. -misjaine taktäckningsmaterial. kattara (bot.)
losta. kattila kittel -eln -lar; (höyry-) panna, -holvi kittelvalv. -huone
pannhus. -kivi pannsten. -Uinen en kittel (fuU). -n|muotoinen
kittelformig. -n|paikkuri kittelflickare. -rengas kittelring. katto* tak -
et =. -ansas takbjälke, -sparre -en -ar. -haikara vit stork. -hirsi
takspai're -en -ar; (kurki-) takäs -en -ar. -huopa takfilt. -ikkuna
takfönster; (laivassa) skejleit -et =. -inen (yhd.) med — tak; med tak
av (ngt); olkik. med halmtak; med tak av halm; jyrkkäk. med brant
tak. -keitto taklök -en -ar. -koriste takornament. -lamppu taklampa. -
lannotus övergödsling. -lasi takglas. -levy takplät. -liuska takskiffer. -
luukku taklucka. -maalaus takmälning.-paanu takspän. -pahvi
takpapp. -parru taksparre. -pienaus takgesims. -putki takränna,
stupränna. -päre takpärta, -spän -en -er (-or). -rakenne
takkonstruktion. -ruusuke takrosett. -räppänä takventil; (savu-)
rökfäng (i taket). -tiili taktegel. -tuoli takstol. -valo takljus. -vuoli-
takbjälke -en -ar. katu* gata; sen kadun varrella, vid den gatan. -
häiriö störing av gatufreden; gatuorolighet. -kauppias gatumänglare.
-kilpi gatuskylt. -kiveys stenläggning (ä gata). -kivi gatsten. -kivitys
= katukiveys, -kohtaus gatuuppträde,-scen. -kulkuri gatstrykare, (f.)
-kerska, -käytävä gängbana, trottoar -en -er. -laulaja gatsängare. -
laulajatar gatsängerska -liike(nne) gatutrafik. -lika gatsmuts. -lyhty
gatlykta. katum|aton obotfärdig. -attomuus obotfärdighet. katu
[mellakka gatukravall. -melske gatutumult. -mielenosotus
gatudemonstration. katui minen änger -n; botgörelse. -moiksi: (se)
käypi k. minulle, det väcker änger hos mig; det ängrar mig; se ei ole
ollut minulle katumoiksi, det har jag ej behövt ängra. -mus änger -n,
ruelse (jnk, över ngt); bot; katumuksen tekijä, botgörare; tunnen
katumusta jstk, känner änger över ngt; katumuksen teko, botgöring,
botövning; (-päivä botdag; -saarna botpredikan; -saarnaaja
botpredikant; -teko ja -työ botövning; -virsi botpsalm). katui oja
rännsten -en -ar. -osa ja -osuus gatuandel. -poika gatpojke. -posti
gatpost. -rahvas gatupublik. -rakennus gat(u)byggnad. -rauha
gatufred. -rauhattomuus gatuorolighet. -rähinä oljud ä gata. -sulku
(gatu)barrikad -en -er. -valaistus gatubelysning. katuvainen
ängerköpt, -full; (usk.) botfärdig. katve skugga; (hämärä) skymning.
-ikas -ikkaan ja -inen skuggig, skuggi'ik. kauaksi = kauas; (kauan)
länge. kauan länge; jo k. sitten, redan för länge sedän, för läng tid
tillbaka, sedän; k. sen jälkeen, länge, längt därefter; k. ennen sitä
aikaa, längt före den tiden; längt därförinnan; niin k. kuin sä länge
som; (sillä välin) medan; niin k. kuin suinkin, sä länge som möjligt; i
det längsta; k. aikaa, (under) en läng tid; länge; kuinka k. siitä
mahtaa olla, hur länge kan det vara sedän dess? för hur länge sedän
kan det vara? kauas längt (bort); fjärran. -kantava som gär längt;
(kuv.) med stor bärvidd; vittgäende. -tähtäävä vittsyftande. -ulottuva
vittnäende. kauemlmaksi längre bort; fjärmare; {aikaa) pä längre
tid; joudun yhä k., avlägsnar mig alit mer; siirrän k., flyttar längre
bort, fjärmare; avlägsnar; siirryn k., avlägsnar mig; kahta viikkoa k.,
utöver tvä veckor. -min längre (tid); se kestää k. aikaa, det räcker
längre tid. -paa längre ifrän; pä längre häll; k. nähtynä, sedd pä
längre häll. -pana längre (borta); k. oleva, längre (borta) belägen;
bortre; mer avlägsen.
 kau 171 kau kauha slev -en -ar; (nappu) skopa; (liemi-)
förläggare. -llineu en slev, skopa (fuU). kauhdun* blir iirblekt;
changerar. kauheja förfärlig, ryslig, faslig, förskräcklig. -asti förfärligt,
rysligt, fasligt, förskräckligt. -us^ förfäi^lighet, ryslighet, faslighet,
förskräcklighet. kauhis Itäminen injagande av iasa, skräck. -tan
injagar fasa, skräck (jkta, hos ngn); förskräcker, förfärar; kauhistava,
skräckinjagande, skräckfull, förfärande; förfärlig, faslig. -tun förfäras,
förskräckes (jth, över ngt); fasar (för ngt); kauhistunut, förfärad,
förskräckt, -tus förfäran, skräck -en, fasa, förskräckelse; (iljetys)
styggelse; hävityksen k. , förödelsens styggelse. -tutan* injagar
skräck; väcker fasa, förfäran (jkta, hos ngn); upprör {ngn);
kauhistuttava, ski^äckinjagande, fasaväckande, upprörande,
förfärande; se minua kauhistuttaa, det väcker fasa hos, det upprör
mig; jag fasar därför; vrt. kauhistan. kauh|oittain slevtals. -on slevar.
kauhtana kaftan -en -er. kauhtuminen urblekning. kauhu skräck -en,
fasa, förfäran; herätän kauhua jkssa, injagar skräck, väcker fasa,
förfäran hos ngn; tulee kauhuihinsa, blir förskräckt, förfärad; olin
kauhuissani siitä, var förfärad, (suutuksissani) upprörd däröver;
kauhukseni, tili min fasa, förfäran; sodan kauhut, krigets fa8or. -inen
skräckfull, fasansfull, faslig, förfärlig. -rikas rik pä skräckscener;
skräckfull, fasansfull. -työ ohyggiig, fasansfull gärning; skräckdäd.
kauimi maksi iängst bort. -min längst; mitä k., i det längsta. -pana
längst borta; k. oleva, borterst. kaukaa längtifrän; f j ärrän ifrän; pä
längt hali; pä avständ; (kauan) länge; hän tulee k., han kommer
längt, fjärran ifrän; huomaa?! k., observerar pä längt hali, pä
avständ. -n = pitkään. kaukaasialaijnen s. kaukasier -n =; a.
kaukasisk. -s [nainen kaukasiska. kaukai|nen avlägsen; k. seutu,
avlägsen trakt; k. sukulainen, en avlägsen släkting; kaukaisessa
lännessä, idässä, i fjärran vestern, östern; k. vieras,
(pitkämatkainen) en längväga gäst; kaukaisessa etäisyydessä, i ett
avlägset fjärran. -suus avlägsenhet; (väli) avständ -et =;
kaukaisuudessa, kaukaisuuteen, i fjärran. kaukalo träg -et =; ho -n -
ar. -njmuotoinen trägformig. kaukana längt (borta); fjärran; avlägse;
k. toisistaan olevilla seuduilla, pä längt, vitt skilda trakter; k. oleva,
fjärran belägen; fjärrbelägen; k. siitä, längt därifrän; kaupunki on
hyvin k., staden är ^ mycket längt borta, fjärran, mycket avlägsen.
kaukolinna fjärrtäg. -kantoinen vittgäende; med stor bärvidd. -
katseinen fjärrsynt, fjärrskädande; (laaja-) vittskädande. -kuvaus
telefani -n. -liikenne fjärrtrafik. -lämpömittari ferntermometer. -maa
avlägset, fjärran (tpm.) land. -matkainen längväga (tpm.). -mieli
(nen) som längtar längt bort. -näköinen fjärr-, längsynt;
fjärrskädande. -näköisyys fjärrsynthet, längsynthet. -putki kikare. -
ranta avlägsen strand. -valokuvaus telefotografi -n. kaula hals -en -
ar; huivi kaulassa, (med) duk pä, om haisen; kavahdan, heittäydyn
jkn kaulaan, faller ngn om haisen, -ajos halsböld. -helmet pl.
pärlband -et =. kaulaan kavlar. kaula|hihna halsrem, -band. -huivi
halsduk. -ilen faller ^ (ngn) om haisen; häller^ (ngn) om haisen, -in
hals -en -ar; (kannas) näs -et =; (lehmän-; mets.) klave -en -ar. -
inen (yhd.) med — • hals; -halsad; pitkäk., med läng hals;
länghalsad. -ketju halsked. -kkain: kädet k., med händerna om
varandras hals. -koriste halssmycke. -kuoppa halsgrop. -kupu
struma. -laskimo halsven. -lihas halsmuskel. -liina halsduk. -nauha
halsband. -nikama halskota. -pahka == k a u 1 a k u p u. -paita
puta. -puuhka boa. -rauhanen halskörtel. -rauta halsjärn. -rengas
halsring. -reunus halskräs -et = . -risa = kaularauhanen. -röhkä
halsfluss. -sepeli krans kring haisen, -suoni halsäder. -tauti
halssjukdom. -tusten med armarna o m varandras hals. -valtimo
halsartär. kaulaus kavling. -lauta kavelbräde. kaulal vitjat
halsked(ja). -vyö halsband -et=:. kauluksinen (yhd.) med — krage;
korkeakauluksinen, med hög krage. kaululri hnning. -s krage -en -ar;
otan jkta kauluksesta, tar, fattar ngn i kragen; [-haikara (zo.)
rördrom -men -mar; -kivi kragsten; -palttina kraglärft; -pussi
kragpäse; -saapas kragstövel]. -sta halslinning. kaun|a (muru)
smula; (jyvä) korn -et =; (akana) agn -en -ar ; vihan k., agg -et;
 kau 172 kau groll -et; kannan kaunaa jkla vastaan, bär,
hyser agg mot ngn. -aaminen naggande; gnagande. -aan (torun)
naggar; gnager (jkta, pä ngn). kauneuden [aisti skönhotssinne, -
janoinen törstande efter skönhet. -kilpailu skönhetstävlan. -palvelus
skönhetsd3n:'kan. -piirre skönhetslinje -n -r. -tunto skönhetskänsla, -
sinne -t. kaujneus^ skönhet; fägring; (-keino skönhetsmedel; -vesi
skönhetsvatten). -niisti skönt, vackert. kaunis -iin skön, vacker,
fager; k. isänmaan puolustaja, (pilk.) en skön fosterlandsförsvarare.
-mallinen i vackert mönster; (tyylikäs) stilig, stilfull. -muotoinen
välformad, -bildad. -sanainen vältalig. -silmäinen med sköna, vackra
ögon. -sointuinen klangskön. -taminen förskönande, försköning. -tan
förskönar; (koristan) pryder. -telematon oförskönad; (kuv.)
(väriitämätön) osminkad; icke färglagd; (teeskentelemätön)
okonstlad, oförställd, naiv. -teleminen förskönande, utsmyckande;
(kuv.) färgläggande, sminkande. -telen förskönai', utsmyckar; (kuv.)
(väritän) färglägger*, sminkar; (kultaan) förgyller; (koetan
puolustella) ursäktar; (peittelen) bemantlar; kaunisteleva lausetapa,
eufemism -en -er. -telu försköning, utsmyckning; färgläggning,
sminkning, smink -et; ursäktande. -tun förskönas; blir vackrare. -tus
försköning; (kuv.) prydnad -en -er; on kaunistuksena jllek, utgör en
prydnad för ngt; (-keino försköningsmedel; -suunnitelma
försköningsplan; -taide försköningskonst; -työ försköningsarbete).
kauno laisti skönhetssinne; (maku) smak -en. -inen a. vacker, skön;
s. skönhet. -kainen a. skön; s. skönhet; (hot.) bellis -en -ar;
kaunokaiseni, min sköna. -kirjailija skönlitterär författare; belletrist. -
kirjallinen skönlitterär; belletristisk. -kirjallisuus skönlitteratur. -
kirjottaja skönskrivare, kalligraf -en -er. -kirjotus skönskrivning,
kalligrafi -n; (-malli förskrift -en -er). -kki* (bot.) bläklint -en -ar. -
luistelu skönskrinning. -luku väll^sning. -puheinen vältalig. -
puheisesti vältaligt. -puheis|näyte vältalighetsprov. -puheis|taito
vältalighetskonst. -puheisuus vältalighet. -puhuja vältalare. -sielu
(aatteiden mies) idealist. -taide skön konst. -tar skönhet. -tiede
estetik -en. -tukkainen som har vackert här; härfager. kaupaksi!
käymätön som ej gär at; osäljbar. -käypä lättsäld, kurant.
kaupallinen merkantil. kaupan Iharjottaja handelsidkare, (f.) -kerska,
-hieroja som köpslagar; köpslagare; negociant. -hieronta
köpsläende, köpslagan. -hoitaja handelsföreständare. -kävijä
handlande, handelsman. -käynti handel -n. -pitokirja handelsbok. -
päälliset ja -tekiäiset pl.: saan kaupanpäällisiä, -tekiäisiä, fär pä
köpet. -teko (idkande av) handel -n; (kauppa) affär -en -er; (kuv.)
köpsläende, kompromissande; rupean k — oon, börjar köpslä,
kompromissa. -välittäjä förmedlare (av en handel); mäklare.
kaupit|seminen utbjudande; försäljande. -sen (tarjoan kaupan)
utbjuder' (tili salu); (myyn) försäljer*; (teen kauppaa) handlar (jtk,
med ngt); kaupittavaksi, tili salu, försäljning. -sija försäijare;
handelsidkare, handlande; (kirjojen) kolportör. -teleminen
utbjudande; utpränglande, försäljande. -telen* (tarjoan) utbjuder^;
(tyrkyttämällä) utpränglar; pränglar, falkar ut; (myyn) försäljer*;
(teen kauppaa) handlar (jtk, med ngt); (kaupustelen) mänglar,
schackrar (med ngt). -telija utpränglare; försäijare; handlande,
("i/M.J-handlare; mänglare, schackrare; (kirjojen) kolportör; väärän
rahan k., utpränglare av falskt mynt; kalank., fiskhandlare, -
mänglare. -telu utbjudande; utprängling; försäljning (jnk, av ngt);
handlande, handel -n (med ngt). kauppla* handel -n; (liike) affär -en
-er; (osto) köp -et =; (sopimus) överenskommelse; (puoti) butik -en
-er, bod -en -ar; olen tehnyt hyvän kaupan^ har gjort en god
handel, affär; käyn kauppaa, idkar handel; teen kauppaa, handlar;
kadun kauppojani, ängrar min handel, (kuv.) mitt företag,
(menettelyäni) mitt handlingssätt; tarjoan kaupaksi, utbjuder tili
salu; on kaupan, är tili salu; tulen jtk kaupalle, kommer för att sälja
ngt, bjuda ut ngt; olen kaupoissa jkn kanssa, stär i handel med ngn;
(hieron kauppaa) underhandlar om köp med ngn; pääsen hyvällä
kaupalla, slipper för gott köp; käy, menee kaupaksi, gär, stryker ät;
har avsättning; (saa ostajia) finner köpare; Pietariin menevä k.,
handein pä Petersburg; päänsä kaupalla, i, med fara för livet; siellä
olet henkesi kaupalla, (kuv.) där riskerar du ditt liv. -aaja =
kaupittelija; jnk k., som handlar med ngt. -alala handelsgren -en;
rupean k — lie,
 kau 173 kau ägnar mig at handel. -ajaius kofferdifartyg. -
aaminen = kaupitteleminen ja kaupittelu, -aan* utbjuder^ (tili salu);
vrt. kaupittelen. kauppa! apulainen affärs-, handelsbiträde. -arvo
salu-, handelsvärde, -asia (handels)affär; affärsangelägenhet. -
asiamies handelsombudsman. -asioitsija handelsagent. -ehto
köpevillkor. -bilanssi handelsbilans. -etu affärsintresse. -haara
handelsgren, {liike-) affärsgren. -halli saluhall. -hanke
handelsföretag. -henki af färsanda. -hinta salupris, köpeskilling. -
huone affärshus, handelshus; (toiminimi) firma, -ilmotus
handelsunderrättelse. -kaari (laissa) handelsbalk(en). -kalenteri
handelskalender. -kamari handelskammare. -kasvi handelsväxt. -
kaupunki handelsstad. -kemia handelskemi. -keskus handelscentrum.
-kirja köpebrev; (-sopimus) kontrakt -et =. -kirje handelsbrev. -
kirjeenvaihto handelskorrespondens. -kirjuri handelsbokhäliare. -koju
saluständ. -komppania handelskompani. -konttori handelskontor. -
korkeakoulu handelsakademi -n -er. -koulu handelsskola. -kuorma
varulass. -kyky affärsförmäga. -la köping. (-lainen köpingsbo). -laiva
handelsfartyg, kofferdifartyg; (-njkapteeni kofferdikapten). -laivasto
handels-, kofferdiflotta. -laki lag om handel. -lehti handelstidning. -
liike handelsrörelse, affärsrörelse; handel -n. -liitto handelsfördrag, -
traktat. -lippu handels-, kofferdiflagga. -maailma handelsvärld(en). -
maantiede handelsgeografi. -matka affärsresa. -matkustaja
handelsresande. -mies handelsman, handlande, -ministeri
handelsminister. -monopoU handelsmonopol. -nero handels-,
affärsgeni. -neuvoksenlarvo kommerserädstitel. -neuvos
kommerseräd. -nimi handelsbenämming. -näyte handelsprov. -oikeus
handelsrätt, -rättighet. -opettaja handel slärare. -opisto
handelsinstitut. -oppi handelslara. -oppilaitos handelsläroverk. -
paikka handels-. saluplats, handelsort. -palvelija bod-,
handelsbetjänt -en -er, -biträde -t -n. -pula ja -pulma handelskris. -
puoti handels-, salubod. -rauha handelsfrihet. -rekisteri
handelsregister. -sana handelsterm -en -er. -sanasto
handelsterminoiogi. -sola passage -n -r; saluhall -en -ar. -sopimus
handelsfördrag, -traktat; köpeavtal, -kontrakt. -suhde
handelsrelation. -summa köpesumma. -taito affärskännedom -en. -
taitoinen affärskunnig. -tasapaino handelsbilans. -tavara
handelsvara. -temppu affärsknep. -tie handelsväg. -tiede
handelsvetenskap. -tilasto handelsstatistik. -toimi affär -en -er. -
toiminimi handelsfirma. -tori salutorg. -tuuma spekulation. -vaaka
handelsväg. -vaihto (handels) omsättning, -utbyte. -valtuuskunta
handelsfullmäktiga (pL). -vapaus handelsfrihet. -voitto handelsvinst.
-välit pl. handelsrelationer. -yhdistys handelsförening. -yhteys affärs-,
handelsförbindelse. -yhtiö handelsbolag. -yritys handelsföretag;
spekulation. kauppiaan] tapainen köpmannamässig. -tavara
köpmannavara. kauppias -aan handlande, köpman -mannen -män. -
kokous köpmannamöte. -kunta handelskär. -perhe köpmansfamilj. -
suku köpmanssläkt. -yhdistys köpmannaförening. kaupungin] alue
stadsomräde. -arkisto stadsarkiv. -arkkitehti stadsarkitekt. -
asemapiirros stadsplan -en -er. -asetus stadsordning. -asukas
stadsbo -n -(a)r. -duuma stadsduma. -hotelli stadshotell. -insinööri
stadsingeniör. -juorut pl. stadsskvaller -llret. -kamreeri stadskamrer. -
kappalainen stadskaplan. -kasööri stadskassör. -kello stadsklocka, -
ur. -kirjuri stadsbokhällare. -kirkko stadskyrka. -kortteli stadskvarter.
-koulu stadsskola. -kuulu stadskunnig. -laki stadslag. -lapsi
stadsbarn. -lähetti stadsbud -et = . -lääkäri stadsläkare. -maa
stadsmark, -jord. -maksut pl. stadsutskylder. -muuri stadsmur. -neiti
stadsfröken. -notaari stadsnotarie. -oikeudet pl. stadsprivilegier. -
oikeus stadsrätt. -osa stadsdel. -palvelija stadstjänare. -
palveluskunta stadsbetjäning. -piiri stadsomräde -t -n. -portti
stadsport. -posti stadspost. -pää stadsöverhuvud. -rahasto
stadskassa. -rahastonhoitaja stadskassör. -rakennusmestari
stadsbyggmästare. -ravintola stadskällare. -saarnaaja
stadspredikant. -soittaja stadsmusikant. -talo stadsgärd, -hus. -
tapainen (ngt) som hknar en stad. -terveiset pl. hälsningar frän
staden. -tilintarkastaja stadsrevisor. -tilukset pl. stadsägor. -vaaka
stadsväg. -vaakuna stadsvapen. -valli stadsvall. -valtuusmiehet ja -
valtuusto stadsfullmäktige. -vanhin -imman stadsäldst. -vankila
stadshäkte. -vartija stadsvakt. -viranomaiset stadsmyndigheter(na). -
viskaaU stadsfiskal. -vouti stadsfogde. -väestö stadsbefolkning.
kaupungittain efter städer(na); stadvis.
 k au 174 keb kaupanki"^ stad staden städer; lähden
kaupunkiin, beger iiiig tili staden; lähden kaupungille, olen
kaupungilla, beger mig ut, är ute i staden. -elämä stadsliv.-kartano
stadsgärd. -kiintei(mi)stö stadsfasfighet. -kortteeri stadskvarter. -
koulu stadsskola. -kunta stadskommun. -lainen stadsbo -n -(a)r. -
laisittain pa stadsmanör. -laisjoikeus stadsrätt. -laistapa stadssed, -
man^r. -lais| väestö stadsbefolkning. -lähetys stadsmission. -
seurakunta stadsförsamling. -talo stadsgärd. -tapa stadssed. -tavarat
pl. stadsmannavaror. kaupuste|leminen mänglande. -Ien mänglai*
f(tk, med ngt). -lija manglare. -lu niängleri. kaura havre -n. -halme
havresved. -jauhot pl. havremjöl -ei. -juuri (bot.) havrerot. -kakku
havrekaka. -leipä havrebröd. -n I kylvö havresädd. -n {leikkuu
havreskörd. -n|olki havrehalm, -strä. -njvienti havreexport. -n|viljelys
havreodling. -pelto havreäker. -pussi havrepäse. -rehu havrefoder. -
ryynit pl. havregryn. -ryynipuuro havregrynsgröt. -sato havreskörd. -
soppa havresoppa. -säkki havresäck. kauris -iin bock -en -ar.
kausaaliinen kausal. -lause kausalsats.-yhteys kausalsammanhang.
kausatiivinen (kiel.) kausativ. kausi^ (yhd.) stadium -iet -ier; period -
en -er; (huvi-) säsong -en -er; (ikä) älder -ern -rar; (määrä-) termin
-en -er; kehity sk., utvecklingstadium; aikak., tidsperiod; näytäntök.,
teatersäsong; kultak., guldälder. kausta sidobräde (i släde).
kaustinen (polttava) kaustik. kautsioni (takuu) kaution. kautsu
kautschuk -en. -leimasin kautschukstämpel. -letku kautschukslang. -
pallo kautschukboll. -puu kautschuk träd. -tavarat pl. kautschukvaror.
-tehdas kautschuk iabrik. kautta genom, förmedels; (teitse) via;
tämän, jonka k., här-, varigenom; meidän kauttamme, genom oss; (
välity ksellämme) genom vär förmedling; toisen, toista k., (toista
tietä) en annan väg; k. maan, (yli koko) landet runt; över hela
landet; överallt i landet; Helsingin k., över, via Helsingfors; kulkea
Pariisin k., taga vägen över Paris; k. kylän, i hela byn; över alit i byn;
kauttaaltaan, alit igenom; (kokonaan) hei och hallen; (kaikkialla)
överallt. -kuljetus transitobefordran. -kulku genomfart; (yhd.)
transito; (-juna genomgäende täg; -liike transito-, genomfartstrafik;
-tavara transitogods; -varasto transitoupplag). kauvan, kauvas y. m.
= kauan, kauas /. n. e. kavahdan* (nousen) reser mig; (äkkiä)
spritter*, springer^; (varon) aktar mig; tager» mig tili vara (jtk, för
ngt); k. pystyyn, seisomaan, reser mig upp; far* upp; spritter,
Springer upp; kavahda viettelijöitä, akta dig, tag dig tili vara för
frestare! kavala (vilpillinen) svekfuU, falsk; (sala-) lömsk; bakslug;
(petollinen) förrädisk, försätlig, bedräglig; (viekas) listig; arglistig. -
sti svekfullt, falskeligen j.n. e. kavalllan"^ (petän) sviker*, (ilmaisen)
förräder; (petkutan) bedrager'; (anastan salaa) försnillar,
undansnillar; (vilpistelen) begar* underslev. -lus svek -et, förräderi;
försnillning; underslev -et =; -juttu försnillningsmäl; -rikos
försnillningsbrott). -taja förrädare, bedragare; som försnillar,
försnillat. -taminen svikande, förrädande, bedragande; försnillande,
undansnillande; (begäende av) underslev -et =. -telen* falskas; vrt.
kavallan. kavaluus svekfullhet, svek -et, falskhet; lömskhet;
bakslughet; förrädiskhet, bedräglighet, listighet -en -er; vrt. kavala.
kaven|nan* gör smal(are); (niukennan) knappar av; k. sukkaa,
tager' in pä en strumpa. -nun* = kapenen, -nus avsmalning;
intagning. kaveri kamrat -en -er. kaverlran* ja -rus kts. koverran ja
koverrus. kaviaari (samminmäti) kaviar -en. -voileipä kaviarsmörgäs.
kavio hov -en -ar. -eläin hovdjur. -kitti hovkitt. -Uinen försedd med
hov(ar). -n|kapse hovslag -et=. -njkuivetos hovträng -et. -n |
muotoinen hovformig. kede|llinen med hinna. -tön utan hinna.
kediivi kediv -en -er. kehahtejlen* (kiitän) berömmer (jtk, ngt);
(kerskailen) skryter® (med ngt). -lu berömmande; skryt -et.
kehai|sen skryter* (jtk, jllak, över, med ngt); (ylistän) prisar (ngt). -
su skryt -et; prisande, pris -et. kehikko* stomme -en -ar. kehikko*
(kirjap.) kast -en -er. kehilö (kirjap.) ram -en -ar; form -en -ar. kehijn
vindar; (käärin) lindar; (kerin) nystar; (vyyhdin) härvlar. -ntä*
vindande, vindning; lindande, lindning; nystande, nystning;
härvlande, härvling.
 keh 175 keh -te* (valok.) framkalliiing. -ttelen* = kehitän, -
ttyminen utveckling. -ttymislmahdoUisaus utvecklingsmöjHghet. -
ttymättömyys outvecklat tillständ -et, skick -et; brist -en pä
utveckling. -ttymättömästi outvecklat. -ttymätön outvecklad;
outbildad. -ttyneisyys utveckhng. -ttäminen uppvecklande; (kuu.)
utvecklande, utbildande. -tyn* utvecklas; utvecklar mig; {(valmistun)
utbildar mig; hän on paljon kehittynyt, h an har utvecklat sig
mycket; on kehittymässä, häller pä att utveckla sig; kysymys kehittyi
siihen suuntaan, frägan utvecklade sig därhän, tog en sadan
utveckling; hän kehittyy maalariksi, han utbildar sig tili mälare;
hänestä kehittyy taitelija, han utvecklas, utbildar sig tili konstnär;
kehittynyt, utvecklad. -tys utveckling; (valok.) framkallning; [-aine
(valok.) framkallningsämne; -aste utvecklingsgrad, -stadium; -
asteikko utvecklingsskala; -historia utvecklingshistoria; -kanta
utvecklingsständpunkt; -kausi utvecklingsperiod, -skede -t -n; -kulku
utvecklingsgäng, -process; -kyky utvecklingsförmäga; -kykyinen
utvecklingsförmögen, -möjlig; -laki utvecklingslag; -mahdollisuus
utvecklingsmöjJighet; -neste (valok.) framkallningsvätska; -oppi
utvecklingslära; -sarja titvecklingsserie; -työ utvecklingsarbete]. -
tän* (puran) uppvecklar; (punoksesta) tvinnar upp; (kudoksesta)
repar upp; (kuv.) utvecklar; (valmistan) utbildar; (valok.) framkallar;
k. järjestelmää, utvecklar, utbildar ett system. kehkelydjm*
(punoksesta) tvinnas upp; (kudoksesta) repas, rispas upp; (synnyn)
alstras; (kehityn) utvecklas; utbildas; keskustelu kehkeytyi kiivaaksi,
det utspann sig en häftig diskussion; diskussionen blev häftig. -
ymätön = kehittymätön, -än* utvecklas; kehkeää kukalle, utvecklas
och slär ut i blom. kehlo bunke -en -ar; (pytty) bytta. kehno (huono)
dälig*; (heikko) svag; skral; (kurja) usel, eländig, tarvlig;
(halpamainen) lumpen, slem; (kelvoton) oduglig; (mitätön) futtig;
slät; (katala) nedrig. -kasvuinen (mets.) mindre växtlig. -nen blir
dälig, sämre; blir usel, uslare, eländig(are); blir oduglig; (rappeudun)
förfaller'. -sti illa; skralt; uselt /. n. e. -us' dälighet; uselhet,
eländighet; oduglighet; nedrighet. keho|tan* uppmanar;
(houkuttelen) intalai'; (muistutan) manar; (rohkaisen) uppmuntrar;
(neuvon) (till)räder; (puollan) tUlstyrker; (käsken) uppfordrar;
(kannustan) sporrar; k. jkta tulemaan, uppmanar, uppfordrar ngn att
komma; k. hevosta, manar pä hästen; k. seuraamaan esimerkkiä,
manar tili efterföljd; k. jkn mieltä, uppmuntrar ngn; minua
kehitettiin, jag blev uppmanad; jag fick en uppmaning; k. jkta
alistumaan, uppmanar, tillräder, uppfordrar ngn att underkasta sig; k.
jtk myöntämään, jnk myönnettäväksi, tillstyrker beviljandet av ngt. -
tin* (rohkaisu) uppmuntran; (vaikutin) motiv -et =. -tus uppmaning;
maning; uppmuntran; tillrädan; tillstyrkan; uppfordran; (pyyntö)
anmodan; (yleisölle) upprop -et =; jkn kehotuksesta, pä uppmaning
j. n. e. av ngn; pä ngns uppmaning /. n. e.; (-huuto maningsrop; -
lista uppropslista; -palkinto uppmuntringspremium; -sana
uppmuntringsord). kehruu spänad -en. -huone spinnhus; (-lainen
spinnhushjon -et =). -kone spinnmaskin. -palkka ersättning för
spänad; spinnarlön. -rauhanen (zo.) spinnkörtel. -tehdas spinneri. -
teollisuus spänadsindustri. -työ spänadsarbete. kehrä (kiekko) trissa;
(väkipyörässä) skiva; (rulla) rulle -en -ar; (pyörä) hjul -et =; (bot.)
disk -en. -kivi rundsvarvad sten. -kukka (bot.) diskblomma. -s ja -
sjluu fotknöl -en -ar. -varsi (pyörässä) eker -ern -rar; (värttinä)
slända. -ydyn*: kehräytyy, spinner sig; (kääriytyy) lindar sig; lindas.
-ys spänad -en. kehrääjä spinnare; (j.) spinnerska; (-lintu (zo.)
nattskärraj.-minenspinnande. -maton ospunnen. -mö spinneri. -n
spinner*; k. jnk jnk ympärille, omspinner ngt med ngt. kehtaan*
täck(e)s; kun hän kehtaa sellaista tehdä, att han täcks göra sädant!
(ei häpeä) att han ej blygs att göra sädant! vrt. v i i t s i n. kehto*
vagga; (bot.) holk -en -ar. -kantainen (bot.) skälblomstrig. -lapsi
vaggbarn. -laulu vaggsäng, -visa. kehu skryt -et. -n (ylistän) prisar,
rosar; (kiitän) berömmer; (kerskaan) skryter* (]tk, jllak, över, med
ngt); se ei ole kovin kehuttavaa, det är ej mycket att, skryta med,
över, ej synnerligen prisvärt; (suuriarvoista) det är ej mycket värt;
(sitä) ei kannata kehua, ei ole kehumista, det är ingenting att skryta
med; det är ej över sig; hän ei kehu kauppojaan, han prisar ej sin
handel; (leik.) han rosar ej sin marknad; kehua tavaraansa, prisa,
rosa sin vara; kehumatta, utan skryt. -nta* pris -et; beröm -met;
skryt
 keh 176 kei -et. -skelen (puhun kerskaten) skroderar,
skrävlar; vrt. kehun; kehuskeleva, skrytsam. -skelija skrodör -en -er.
-skela skroderande, skrävlande; vrt. kehunta. kehys ram -en -ar; jnk
kehyksissä, (kuv.) inom ramen av ngt; panen kehyksiin, inramar;
infattar i ram. -lista ramlist. -säle ramspjäle. -tin (kukkavilion)
manschett -en -er, -tän inramar; (panen kuntoon) monterar. kehä
(piiri) krets -en -ar; ring -en -ar; (ympärys) omkrets -en; omfäng -et
=; (kehys) ram -en -ar; (kehikko) stomme -en -ar; (rakennuksen)
timra; (kaivon) kar -et =; (hot.) hylle -t -n; (mat.) periferi -n -er, -ke*
karkass -en -er. -kukka ringblomma. -kulma periferivinkel.-käytävä
kretsformig gäng; labyrint -en -er. -kalvo (an.) (en) iris, -lehti
hylleblad. -lihas ringmuskel. -muuri ringmur. -n! muotoinen
kretsformig. -ompelu tambursöm. -rusto ringbrosk. -tön (hoi.) utan
hylle. keidas keitaan oas -en -er. keiholehti^* (bot.) pilört -en -er,
skäktgräs -et. keihäs -hään spjut -et =; lans -en -ar. -kantainen
(hot.) spjutlik. -maltsa (hot.) spjutmoUa. -metsä en skog av spjut. -
mies spjutkastare. -ruske spjutens gny. -tän spetsar. keihään [heitto
spjutkast; (urheilujia) spjutkastning. -heittäjä spjutkastare. -isku
lansstöt. -kärki spjutspets. -muotoinen spjutformig. -terä lansklinga.
-varsi spjutskaft. keijahdan* svänger mig. keiju = keijukainen, -
kainen älva, sylfid -en -er; alf -en -er; (haltiatar) fe -(e) n -er. -n
svävar. keikah|dan* vickar; (viipun) vippar; (kaadun, putoan)
dimper*, faller''; (romahdan) ramlar; (heilahdan) svänger;
(notkahdan) sviktar; k. kumoon, vickar, dimper, faller, ramJar omkull;
faller i backen; keikahti maahan, damp i marken; keikahtaa toisin,
(muuttuu) svänger om; tuuli keikahti länteen, (kääntyi) vinden
sprang om tili västlig. -dus vickning; fall -et =; ramlande; sväng -en
-ar; svikt -en; (temppu) kupp -en -er; (muutos) omkastning;
(kuperkeikka) kull(er)bytta. -dutan* vickar (jtk, pä ngt); (heilutan)
svänger; k. päätäni, knycker pä nacken; vrt. keikutan. keikaillen
(keimailen) koketterar; (koreilen) sprättar; (teeskentelen) krämar
mig. -lija sprätt -en -ar, snobb -en -ar; (j.) kokett -en -er. -lu
koketteri; snobberi. keikari sprätt -en -ar; snopp -en -ar. -mainen
sprättaktig, snobbig.-maisesti sprättaktigt, snobbigt. -maisuus
snobbighet. keika|us = keikahdus. -utan* = keikahdutan. keikistelen
(keimailen) koketterar. keikis|tyn (lyyhistyn) hukar mig ned;
(kaadun) faller 2 (ned, omkull). -tys nedhukning; fall -et =, -tän
böjer; (kaadan) stjälper, faller, keikkajnenä uppnäsa. keikkui Ilen
slänger (pä) mig; vickar. -lu slängande; vickning. keikku|kärryt
vippkärra. -lauta vippbräde, -gunga. -loisto vippfyr. keikujn* (keinun)
gungar; (vaapun) vaggar; (viipun) vippar; (tutisen) runkar;
(keikahdan) vickar; (heilun) svänger; keikkuva vene, en rank bät. -
nta* == keikutus, -tan* bringar* att gunga, vagga, vippa, runka,
vicka, svänga; keikuttaa pyrstöään, vippar pä, med stjärten; k.
tuolia, gungar, runkar, vickar pä stolen; k. päätäni, slänger pä
huvudet. -tteleminen = keikutus. -ttelen*= keikutan, -ttelu ja -tus
gungning. vaggning; vippning; runkning; vickning; svängning. keila
kägla; (mat.) kon -en -er; vrt. kartio; heitän keilaa, slär kägel. -
mainen kägellik. -n|heitto kägelkastning, kägelspel -et. -n|heittäjä
kägelkastare, kägelspelare.-n| muotoinen kägelformig; (mat.) konisk.
-pallo kägelklot. -peli kägelspel. -rata kägelbana. -seurue kägelparti.
keili (kirjap.) kägel -eln -lar. keimaillen koketterar. -lija kokett -en -er.
-lu koketteri. keinahldan* ja -telen* gungar; (hytkyn) guppar;
(notkun) sviktar. -dus gungning; guppning; svikt -en. keino medel -
dlet =; (neuvo) utväg -en -ar; (tapa) sätt -et =; (toimenpide) ätgärd
-en -er; tarkotus pyhittää keinot, ändamälet helgar medlen; pitää
keksiä keinoja jtk varten, man mäste finna medel, utvägar, rad för
ngt; sillä keinoin, pä det sättet; sälunda; (sen kautta) därigenom; on
ryhdyttävä tehokkaisiin keinoihin, verksamma medel mäste anlitas;
verksamma ätgärder mäste vidtagas. -kas -kkaan (neuvokas)
förslagen; (kekseliäs) uppfinningsrik. -tekoinen f teko-) konstgjord,
artificiell; (teennäinen) konstlad. -tekoisesti pä artificiell väg;
artificiellt; konstlat. keinotte|len* (teen kauppoja) spekulerar;
(juonittelen) intrigerar; (hankin) förskaffar mig; (huijailen) bedriver'
svind 
 kei 177 kel leri, vingleri; vinglar; prackar; driliar; jobbar; k.
itselleni jtk, förskaffar mig ngt; driliar mig tili ngt. -lija spekulant;
intrigör; svindlare, vinglare, jobbare. -lu spekulation; intrigspel -et;
svindleri, vingleri, vigilans -en -er; humbug -en; knep -et =; jobberi.
keinu gunga; vrt. kiikku, -hevonen gunghäst. -Ilen gungar; (heilun)
svingar, svänger; (huojun) vaggar. -lanta (i>oim.) trampolin -en -er;
i^rt. kiikkulauta, -n gungar; i>rt. k e i n u i 1 e n. -nta* gungning;
svingning; svängning; va^ning. -tan* gungar; svingar, svänger;
vaggar. -tuoli = kiikkutuoli. keisari kejsare; k. Wilhelm, kejsar
Wilhelm; Venäjän k., kejsaren av Ryssland. -kunta kejsardöme -t -n.
-leikkaus kejsarsnitt. -Uinen kejserlig; (kirk.) imperiell. -n|arvo
kejsarvärdighet. -n|arvonimi kejsartitel. -n|hovi kejsarhov. -n|kruunu
kejsarkrona. -nna kejsarinna. -n [pitäjä imperiellt pastorat. -n | vaali
kejsar vai. -n | valtaistuin kejsartron. -palatsi kejsarpalats. -
suuriruhtinas kejsare(n)-storfurste(n). -valta kejsarvälde. -valtio
kejsarstat. -vierailu kejsarbesök. -vihreä kejsargrönt. keiso (bot.)
sprängört -en -er, kei|te* avkok -et =; dekokt -en -er. -tin*
kokapparat -en -er; (yhd.) kokare, kök -et =; teek., tekokare, -kök;
(-lasi dekanterglas). -tos kok -et =; pr^ k e i t e; (raudan-) vällning;
(kuv.) uppkok -et=. keittiö kokhus; (kyökki) kök -et =. -askare
köksbestyr. -astia kökskärl. -e;iiiiina köksförkläde. -hylly kökshylla. -
kaappi köksskäp. -kalusto köksattiral j , -saker (pL). -kamari
kökskammare. -kasvi köksväxt. -kasvitarha köksträdgärd. -mestari
köksmästare. -n|liesi köksspis. -n|ovi köksdörr. -njportaatp/.
kökstrappa. -osasto köksdepartement. -palveiuskunta kökspersonal.
-piika kökspiga. -puut pl. köksved. -pöytä köksbord. -rakennus
köksbyggnad. -veitsi kökskniv. -väki kökspersonal. keitto* kokning; (-
ruoka) kokt mat -en; (liemi-) soppa; (raudan-) vällning. -astia
kokkärl. -huone kokhus, -rum.-kaasu kokgas. -kala kokfisk. -kattila
kokkittel. -kirja kokbok. -koje kokapparat. "kota kokhus. -koulu
hushällsskola. -laitos kokinrättning. -liesi kokspisel. ^neuvot pl.
kokredskap. -pata kokgryta. -pullo (kem.) kolv -en -ar. -rauta
välljärn. -moka kokföda. -suola koksalt. 13. 29 — 12 -taito kokkonst.
-vati soppfat. -uuni kokugn. -teräs vällstäl. keittäjiä kock -en -ar; (f.)
kokerska; (kyökkari) köksa. -minen kokande, kokning. -mätön okokt.
keitain* kokar; ^Ir. rautaa, (sep.) väller järn; k. valkeaksi, vitkokar. -
ntä* kokning. kekkerit pl. kalas -et = (-er); svyck -en -ar; (huvi-)
tillställning; (juhla) festlighet. keko* stack -en -ar; (keila) kägla;
(sokeri-) topp -en -ar; panen (heiniä) kekoihin, stackar (hö). -mainen
= k e i 1 a m a in e n. -muurahainen stackmyra. kekotan* stär*,
sitter* (upprätt, rak). kekri = k e y r i. keksaijsen hittar (jtk, pä ngt).
-su pähitl -et=. kekseli Iäisyys uppfinningsförmäga; (älykkyys)
sinnrikhet; (nokkeluus) fyndighet, fintlighet. -äs -ään uppfinningsrik;
sinnrik; fyndig, fintlig. -äästi uppfinningsrikt; sinnrikt; fyndigt, fintligt.
keksi I (haka) hake -en -ar; (koukku) krok -en -ar. keksi II (-leivos)
käx -en. keksiljä uppfinnare; upptäckare. -minen uppfinnande;
upptäckande; finnande. -n (jtk uutta) uppfinner*; (jtk ennen
tuntematonta) upptäcker (jtk, ngt); (löydän) hittar pä( ngt);
(havaitsen) finner*; Edison on keksinyt telefonin, Columbus
Amerikan, E. har uppfunnit telefonen; C. har upptäckt Amerika; k.
keinoja, finner, hittar pä medel, utvägar; bereder mig utvägar; kuka
tämän on keksinyt, vem har uppfunnit, upptäckt detta; vem har
kömmit upp med, funnit, hittat pä detta? vems pähitt, päfund är
detta? (saanut selvän) vem har kömmit underfund härmed? minä
keksin sen erinomaiseksi, jag fann den utmärkt. -ntä*
==keksiminen. -ntö* uppfinning; upptäckt -en -er. kekäle (eld)brand
-branden '^-bränder. kel|a (rulla) rulle -en -ar; (valssi) vals -en -ar;
(vintturi) vindspel -et =; kierrän kelalle, vindar upp. -aan uppvindar
(pä rulle, vals); hankar; (pyöritän) ruUar; (valssilla) valsar. keli före -
t, väglag -et. -rikko* menföre -t. kelkk|a* kalke -en -ar; lasken
kelkalla (m.äkeä), äker kalke, -aan* släpar, forslar (pä kalke); kälkar.
-ajmäki kälkbacke. -a|rata rutschbana. -ajretki kälkparti. -a I sorvi
supporlsvarv. kellahdan* I (kellerrän) skiftar i gult; giilnar;
kellahtava, gulaktig, gulnande.
 kel 178 kel kellahjdan* II (kellistyn) dimper*, Liimlar;
(kaadun) stupar; (uuvun) dignar; (putoan) faller'; vrt. keikahdan, -
dus dimpande; stupande; dignande; fall -et =. kellan- (yhd.) =
keltaisen-. kellari källare. -ilma källarluft. -kerros ja -kerta
käUarväning; kellarikerroksessa, i källarväningen; (sanomalehden)
under sträcket. kellarini aukko källarglugg. -avain källainyckel. -
eteinen källarhals -en -ar. -katto källartak. -luukku källarlucka. -ovi
källardörr. -porstua källarsvale. keilasi tuminen gulnande. -tun
giilnar; kellastunut, gulnad. kellelle(en) ja kelellä(än) omkull, i kuli;
pladask; kaaduin kellelleni lattialle, föll, damp omkull, pladask i
golvet. keller|rän* skiftar i gult; kellertävä, skiftande i gult; gulaktig.
-tävyys skiftning i gult; gulaktighet. kellestän (rnets.) flankar.
kelletän* (hion) ligger* (utsträckt); ligger* och drar^ mig. kellis|tyn
= k e 1 1 a h d a n II. -tän kastai', slänger (tili marken); (kumoon)
omvälver; (tapan) nedlägger*, -gör*. kello klocka; (käymä-) ur -et
=; (tiuku) skälla, (pieni) pingla; (kupla) bubbla; kello on puolivälissä,
puoli 1, klockan är halv ett; k. käy kahta, klockan gär pä, tili tvä; käy
kuin kello, gär som ett urverk; paljonko, mitä on kello, hur mycket,
vad är klockan? soitan kelloa, ringer pä klockan. -huijari
klockskojare. -kaappi klockskäp. -kas -kkaan (lehmästä) skällko,
bjällko -n -r. -kasvi klockört. -kauppa klockhandel. -kone urverk -et =
. = -kotelo klockfodral. -kakka klockblomma. -kukkainen
klockblomstrig. -lintu (sinirintasatakieli) blähakesängare;
(tunturileivonen) berglärka. -läppäi klockventil. -mainen klocklik. -
metalli klockmetall. kellon|alus urdyna, klockdyna. -avain urnyckel. -
huikkaa ja klocktuskare. -jousi urfjäder. -jämssä klocksträng. -kanta
klockfäste; (-rengas) klockring -en -er. -kieli klockkläpp. -koneisto
urverk -et =. -kuori urboett. -lasi klockglas. -luoti klocklod. -lyömä ja
-lyönti klockslag (-lie, -llä, pä). -muotoinen klockformig, -lik. -nuora
klocksträng -en -ar. -osa urdel. -osotin urvisare. -paino klocklod. -
patja klock-, urdyna. -perät /?/. = k e 11 o n V i t j a t. -pidin
klockställ. -ratas urhjul. -siima klocksträng. -sisusta urverk -et == ,
urmekanism. -soittaja klockj'ingare. -soitto klockringning. -teko
urfabrikation. -vaihtaja klockbytare. -vaihto klockbyte. -valaja
klockgjutare. -viisari urvisare. -vitjat pl. klock-, urked -en -er, -kedja.
kello|poiju klockboj. -punonnainen klocksnodd. -rämä ett skrälle tili
klocka. -seppä urmakare. -sepänliike urmakerirörelse, -affär. -
sepäntyö urmakararbete, urmakeri. -sepäntyöntekijä
urmakeriarbetare. -soitto klockspel. -sävel klockton. kellotan*
ligger*; vrt. kelletän; vene kellottaa vedessä, bäten ligger pä svaj,
bäten svajar (pä vattnet); vrt. kellun, kello|tapuli klockstapel. -tasku
klockficka. -taulu urtavla. -tehdas urfabrik. -tehtailija urfabrikör. -
torni klocktorn. -vaski klockmalm -en, -gods -et. -ääni klockton.
kellu|ke (koho) flöte -t -n; (mer.) flottör. -kka* (korva-) (ör)hänge -t -
n; (bot.) kummer -n. kellu Iminen svajande; flytande; gungande;
vaggande. -n (vedessä) svajar; (uin) simmar, flyter^; (kiikun)
gungar; (huojun) vaggar; on kellumassa, är pä svaj. -nta* =
kelluminen, -tan* gungar; vaggar; (keikutan) vickar (pä ngt). -tin*
berlock -en -er. kelme|nen bleknar. -ys^ blekhet. -ä blek. kelm|i
skälm -en -ar; (petturi) bedragare. -iys' bedräglighet. kelmu (kalvo)
hinna. kelo|honka rottorkad fura. -puu rottorkat träd; (mets.) skelett
-et =. -udun* torkar. kelpaamajton oduglig; (pätemätön) ogiltig;
asuttavaksi k., obeboelig; käytettäväksi k., oanvändbai"; juotavaksi
k., odrickbar; syötäväksi k., oätbar, oätlig; julistan kelpaamattomaksi,
kasserar. -ttomuus oduglighet; ogiltighet; käytettäväksi /r.,
oanvändbarhet. kelpaajn* duger (jksk, jhk, tiU ngt); kelpaa, (on
pätevä) är giltig, (virkaan) kompetent; (on voimassa) gäller; se ei
kelpaa mihinkään, det duger tili intet; kelpaa jklle, duger ät ngn; (on
kyllin hyvä) är nog god för, ät ngn; kelpaa koettaa, det duger, (sopii)
gär an att försöka; piletti kelpaa vielä, biljetten gäller ännu; sitä
kelpasi katsella, det var ngt att se pä; kirjaa kelpaa lukea,
(kannattaa) boken är läsvärd, (voi) läsbar; kelpaava, dugande;
duglig; giltig; kompetent; syötäväksi kelpaava, duglig att äta; ätbar;
ätlig; juotavaksi kelpaava, drickbar; käytettäväksi kelpaava,
användbar; bc^agnelig; kelpaava syy, giltig orsak, giltigt skäl. -
vaisuus duglighet; (pate 
 kel 179 ken vyys) giltighet, (virkaan) kompetens -en; (-aika
giltighetstid). kelpo tpm. duglig; (hyvä) präktig; (melkoinen) artig; k.
mies, en duglig, präktig kari; k. omaisuus, en artig, snygg
förmögenhet. -inen duglig; (pätevä) giltig; (virka-) kompetent. -isuus
duglighet; giltighet; kompetens -en; vrt. pätevyys; (-ehto
kompetensvillkor). kelsi (aluksessa) kölsvin -et =. kelt|a* gult; (-väri)
giil färg -en; (yhd.) gul-, -aan* mälar, färgar gul; (maalaan
keltaiseksi) gulmalar. -ainen gul. keltaiseni harmaa gulgrä. -kalvakka
gulblek. -punainen gulröd. -ruskea gulbrun. -vaalea gulblek. -valkea
gulvit. -vihreä gulgrön. . kelta [apila gulväppling. -juovainen
gulstrimmig. -kihara 5. gul lock -en -ar; a. guUockig. -kuume gula
febern. -matara gulmära. -mo (bot.) skelört -en -er. -multa gulockra.
-no (bot.) hökblomster -tret =. -nokka gulnäbb. -okra gulockra. -puu
gulträ. -raitainen gulrandig. -sieni kantarell -en -er. -sirkku gulsiska, -
sparv. -tauti gulsot. -tukkainen med gult här. -vuokko gulsippa. -
västäräkki gulärla. kelteisillä(än) (vähissä vaatteissa) oklädd; i
neglig^. keltiläinen s. kelt -en -er; a. keltisk. keltti* (ark.) celt -en -
er. kelvolli|nen duglig. -sesti dugligt. -suus duglighet. kelvo|ton
oduglig; (ansaitsematon) ovärdig; k. mies, odugling; julistan
kelvottomaksi, kasserar. -ttomasti odugligt. -ttomuus oduglighet.
kemija kemi -n. -allinen kemisk. -sti kemist. kemnerinoikeas (jur.)
kämnersrätt. kemssi (zo.) gems -en -er. kemut ilen kalaserar; (juhlin)
festar. -t pl. kalas -et = (-er); (pidot) gästabud -et =; festivitet,
festlighet; (huvi-) tillställning. ken kenen vem; (se joka) den som;
ken — ken, den ena — den andra; jos ken, om ngn. kengijn* skor*.
-ttäjä (hevosen-) hovslagare. -tys skoning; (rakennuksen)
underbyggnad; (-koulu hovslagarskola, hovbeslagsskola; -kurssi
hovslagarkurs; -oppi hovbeslagslära). -tän skor*; (rak.) underbygger.
-tön oskodd. kenguru (zo.) känguru -n -er (-s). -n|nahka
känguruskinn. kengän] antura skosula. -harjaus skoborstning. -hihna
skorem. -kanta skoklack. -kieli kängplös. -korko skoklack. -lesti
skoläst. -lyöttämä skoskav -et. -nappi kängknapp. -nauha skoband. -
paikkaaja skoflickare. -paikkuu skolagning. -paula skosnöre. -pohja
skosula. -päälliset pl. recepter, nätlingar. -rihma skoband. -ruoju
kängskaft. -siivooja skoputsare. -solki skospänne. -vuori skofoder.
kengätön som är utan skor; oskodd. kenkä* sko -n -r; känga, käng -
en -er; kengät jalassa, med skor pä f otteina; panen kengät jalkaani,
klär pä mig skorna; otan kengät jalastani, tager av mig skorna;
panen hevosen kenkään, skor hästen; hevonen oji hyvässä
kengässä, hästen är väl skodd. -harja skoborste. -harjuri
skoborstare. -in (kepissä) doppsko -n -r. -jalka: kenkäjalassa, skodd;
med skor pä fötterna. -kauppa skobutik, -magasin -et = . -koukku
skoknäppare. -lanka skogarn. -muste skosvärta. -naula skopligg -en
-ar. -pari ett par skor. -pussi skopäse. -rätti skotrasa. -raja utsliten
sko; hasa. -vaha skovax. -voide skosmörja; (kiillotus-) blanksmörja.
kenno (mehil.) (bi)kaka. -solu bicell. keno: on kenossa, är bakätböjd;
panen pääni kenoon, lutar huvudet bakät; knycker pä nacken.
kenraali general -en -er. -ajutantti generaladjutant. -esikunta
generalstab. -harjotus generalrepetition. -kuvernööri
generalguvernör; (-n|kanslia generalguvernörskansli). -luutnantti
generallöjtnant. -majuri generalmajor. kensti galant. kentauri (myt.)
centaur -en -er. kenties(i) vem vet; (ehkä) mähända, törhända;
kanske, tilläventyrs; (mahdollisesti) möjligen. kenttä* fält -et =;
(taso) pian -en -er. -ahjo fältässja. -ammunta fältskjutning. -apteekki
fältapotek. -armeija fältarm^. -elämä fältliv. -harjotus • fältövning, -
manöver. -jumalanpalvelus fältgudstjänst. -jääkäri fältjägare. -kattila
fältkittel. -kauhu (lääk.) agorafobi -n. -keittiö fältkök. -kiikari
fältkikare. -koe fältprov. -kuormasto fälttross. -leiri fältläger. -liike
manöver -ern -rer. -linnotus fältbefästning. -majotns bivuak -en -er. -
mittaus fältmätning. -muona fälttraktamente -t. -nassakka fältflaska.
-oikeus ständrätt. -paja fältsmedja. -palvelus fälttjänst. -patteri
fältbatteri. -posti fältpost. -puhelin fälttelefon. -ratsastus fältritt. -
sairaala fältlasarett; ambulans -en -er. -lennätin fälttel^Taf. -sänky
fältsäng. -tuoli fältstol. -tykistö iältartilleri, -tädyke laltprisa. -tykki
fält 
 kep 180 ker kanon. -urheilu fältidrott. -vahti fältvakt. -
varasto fäitförräd. -varustus fältbefästning. kepakko"^ käpp -en -ar;
(raippa) spö -et -n, spröt -et =. kepejnea* blir lätt(are). -ys* lätthet.
-ä lätt; vrt. keveä. kepinjkahva käppkrycka. -lyönti käppslag, -rapp -
et =. -nuppi käppknapp. kepi|tys (ut)stakning; prygling; sprötande. -
tän* (viitotan) (ut)stakar; (lyön kepillä) pryglar; k. herneitä, sprötar
ärter. kepper|yys flinkhet; raskhet, hurtighet. -ä flink; (reipas) rask,
hurtig. -asti flinkt; raskt, hurtigt. keppi* käpp -en -ar; (raippa) spö -
et -n, spröt -et =; annan keppiä jklle, ger ngn med käppen;
(selkään) ger ngn prygel; pryglar (upp) ngn; saan keppiä, fär prygel.
-hevonen käpphäst. -kerjäläinen arin tiggare; stavkarl -en -ar; joutuu
keppikerj alaiseksi, far lov att taga tili tiggarstaven. kepponen spratt
-et = , streck -et = ; (juoni) knep -et =; teen kepposen jklle, spelar
ngn ett spratt, puts; käytän rumia kepposia, använder f ula knep.
kepsah|dan* (lipsutan) trippar; (köpitän) stultar; (kellahdan)
dimper*. -taminen trippande; stultande; dimpande. kera (jkn, jnk)
(kanssa) med (ngn, ngt); (ohessa) jämte (ngn, ngt). kerake* (kiel.)
konsonant. -vartalo konsonantstam. -yhtymä konsonantförbindelse.
-ääni konsonantljud. kerakkeeaj kahdennus konsonant f ördubbling.
-pehmennys konsonantförmildring. -pidennys konsonantförlängning.
-pituus konsonaritlängd. kerakkeinen konsonantisk. keralla = kera.
keramiikka* (saviteollisuus) keramik -en. kerettiläilnen s. kättare; a.
kättersk. -s|oppi kättersk lära; kättarlära. -s| vaino kättarförföljelse. -
syys kätteri. keri (kääpiö) dvärg -en -ar. keri|n (panen kerälle) nystar.
-njjalka nystfot. -n|puikko nystpinne. -njpuu nystfot -foten -fötter. -
ntä* nystande, nystning; on. keritseminen, -tän* later nysta. ,
keripukki* skörbjugg -en. keritjseminen klippande, klippning. -
semätön oklippt. -sen klipper; k. verkaa, överskär kläde. -simet pl.
(lampaan-) färsax -en -ar; (tukan-) härsax -en -ar; (kone)
kliopmaskin -en -er. -ytän* ja -än* läter* klippa. kerjuri tiggare,
bettlare. kerjuu tiggeri; käyn kerjuulla, gär och tigger, bettlar. -kirje
tiggarbrev. -lista tiggarlista. -Ha [kävijä tiggare, bettlare. kerjäläinen
tiggare, bettlare. kerjäläis lakka tiggargumma, -käring. -elämä
tiggarliv. -joukko tiggarfölje. -lapsi tiggarbarn. -munkisto
tiggarorden. -munkki tiggarmunk. -nainen tiggerska. -poika
tiggargosse. -pussi tiggarpäse. -sauva tiggarstav. -tyttö tiggarflicka. -
ukko tiggargubbe. kerjjäys tiggande; tiggeri; bettlande. -ään tigger,
bettlar. kerkelys'^ snabbhet, flinkhet; villighet. -ä snabb, (nopsa)
flink; (taipuisa) villig. -än* (joudun) hinner*; (on aikaa) har tid;
(kiirehdin) skyndar; tulen minkä kerkeän, jag kommer sä snart jag
hinner, jag kan. kerkiän ==kerkeän. kerkkä* ärsskott -et =;
(männyn) taUstrunt -en. kerma grädde -n; (hienosto) grädda. -astia
kärl för grädde; gräddkärl; (pieni) gräddsnäcka. -hyytelö
blancmange -(e) n. -juusto gräddost. -inen gräddblandad. -kakku
gräddkaka. -kannu gräddkanna. -kastike gräddsäs. -kko*
gräddsnäcka. -koetin gräddprovare. -kulppo ja -kuppi gräddskäl. -
leivos gräddbakelse. -lusikka gräddsked. -mainen gräddaktig. -maito
gräddmjölk. -malja gräddskäl. -mittari gräddmätare. -n j koettelu
gräddprovning; (-koje gräddprovningsapparat). -n| värinen
la'ämfärgad. -torttu gräddtärta. -vaahto gräddskum. kermon
avskummar grädden; skummar. kernjaasti gärna; villigt; k. minun
puolestani, gärna för mig. -as -aan villig; (valmis) bered villig; k.
auttamaan, villig att hjälpa. -aus' villighet; beredvillighet. keropää
med kortklippt hdr; stubbhärig. kerpo* (lehti-) (löv)kärve -en -ar.
kerppu* = k e r p o. kerpukki* = keripukki. kerra|kseen för en gäng.
-llaan pä en gäng; (samanaikaisesti) samtidigt; (yhdellä tempulla) i
ett drag; i stöten; yksi k., en at gängen, i sänder, i stöten. -Uinen
lagrad; (geol.) varvig. -llisuus lagring. -n en gäng; k. päivässä, en
gäng cm dagen; k. toisensa perästä, gäng efter annan; esomoftast;
kerrankin, (vihdoinkin) äntligen; k. ja toisenkin, gäng pä gäng; gäng
efter annan; k. pari, ett par gänger; vrt. kerta, -ssa(an) (kokonaan)
helt och hället; alldeles; (ollenkaan) alls; platt; (yhdellä kertaa) pä
en gäng;
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