Comparative Anatomy Between The Skeleton of The Chicken and The Human: Similarities and Differences
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ScribdTranslationsComparative Anatomy Between The Skeleton of The Chicken and The Human: Similarities and Differences
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ScribdTranslationsCOMPARED ANATOMY BETWEEN THE SKELETON OF THE HEN AND THE HUMAN SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERENCES
Introduction.
It is understandable that the skeletons of birds and their anatomy are different from that of humans.
many aspects by their nature, but we try to investigate and make a comparison about
the topic.
In the Embryonic aspect, both the human embryo and that of the hen show arches.
aortic and a heart with only two chambers, similar to that of fish. This fact is explained
Considering that birds and mammals have evolved from common ancestors
similar to fish.
The comparison between the skeletons of humans and birds was conducted for the first time by
Pierre Belon in his work L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux, was one of the first examples of
comparative anatomy.
Human Skeleton Hen Skeleton
SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF BIRD BONES. Birds, one of the objectives is to fly.
this purpose uses a hollow and ultralight skeletal system powered by strong muscles
pectoral muscles, as well as appropriate feathers that allow it to remain suspended in the air. The
they have an aerodynamic structure and the animal's metabolism adjusts to its needs
a high level of energy. It is obvious that this is a particular design.
All animals have a skeleton that allows them to defend and protect their organs.
internals and tissues; The skeletal system of birds and similar mammals presents
important differences. Many of these differences relate to the bird's need to
fly while maintaining body support at the same time. Some important differences between the
Bird and mammal skeletons are found in the following aspects.
Some of the vertebral sections fuse to provide the necessary rigidity for
flight.
The sternum provides a large surface for the strong main adhesion of the muscles.
The head size has significantly reduced compared to other species.
A big head would make it harder to fly.
The tail has been reduced to a very short section of bones.
5. The nerves have been modified by the inclusion of the uncinated process, which refers to the
dorsal fins that cover the projection of the ribs. This provides strength to the rib cage so that it does not
collapse during the flight.
6. The neck is quite long in most bird species that allow:
Protect the delicate tissues of the brain from excessive jolts during landing; flexibility
the neck acts as a cushion.
The avian skeletal system helps in the acquisition of food found on the ground.
A rigid body makes this simple activity more difficult without this modification.
Helps in adjusting the center of gravity needed in the changes of the birds from the
standing position or perching in the most horizontal flight position, The bones of birds also
they are lighter in weight than those of their mammal counterparts.
Some of the bones are hollow and act as part of the respiratory system of birds. They
they are called pneumatic bones and include the skull, humerus, clavicle, and keel (sternum)
pelvic girdle, and the lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
Another important type of bone in the avian skeleton is the marrow of the bones. These include the
tibia, the femur, pubic bone, the ribs, ulna, toes and the scapula. The bone marrow of
Bones are an important source of calcium when hens are laying eggs.
Eggshells are mainly made of calcium and a hen requires 47% of its
calcium of the body to make an egg.
SIMILARITIES IN THE ASPECTS OF HUMAN BONES AND BIRDS. Between the skeletons of birds and
Other animals, there are also several similarities. Both have the same skeletal structure.
in general. When comparing the bones of a chicken wing with those of a human arm. Both have
a humerus, radius, and ulna. The main difference is that the phalanges that form the fingers of the
people and merge into birds to allow the joining of feathers, the joints of the arm in
common are easily identifiable, both in chickens and humans.
Similarly, the bones of a chicken leg are compared to those of a human leg. A
Once again, both have a femur, the fibula, and the tibia. The femur of a chicken has the meat of the
thigh, while the combination of fibula / tibia has the meat of the stick. When comparing
the joints of the leg are not as obvious as in the arm.
The metatarsus of a chicken known as the shank. The chicken approaches its feet.
SUMMARY OF THE BONE STRUCTURE OF BIRDS
Apart from the evident role of structural bone support, the skeletal system of the hen has two
additional functions: respiration and transport calcium.
The skeletal system of a chicken is compact and lightweight, yet strong. The tail and the neck
Vertebrae are mobile, but the vertebrae of the body fuse to give the body sufficient
force to support the wings. There are two special types of bones that make up the skeleton.
chicken: the tire and marrow of the bones.
The pneumatic bones are important for the chicken for breathing. They are hollow bones.
respiratory systems that are connected to the hen, of the system and are important for the chick to
to be able to breathe. Examples of tires bones of the skull, humerus, clavicle, the keel
(Sternum), the pelvic and lumbar belt and sacral vertebrae.
Other examples of medullary bones include the tibia, femur, pubic bones, ribs, ulna.
toes and the scapula.
