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四六级阅读⽅法论
⼀、阅读
1.仔细阅读解题步骤
– 审清题⽬-查找原⽂-⽐对选项
2.仔细阅读之审题
– l 确认观点对象以及发问核⼼对象
– l 使⽤特殊名词或短语定位
– l 注意题⼲中的形容词、副词或否定词。
3.仔细阅读之观点陷阱
– l 作者观点：第⼀⼈称（I/me/my);转折；主观陈述
– l ⼤众观点：public ,people, all of us, you.many, consumer
– l 作者和⼤众往往是相反的观点
4.仔细阅读之定位
– l 定位的关键词未在此段落
– l 定位的关键词与原⽂信息发⽣替换
– l 题⼲关键词和原⽂出现改写，那么原⽂的这句话就是定位句。
5.仔细阅读之⽐对选项
– l ⽐对选项和原⽂的差异性
– l 若出现同义替换或⾼度概括可能是正确选项
– l 抓住感情⾊彩
– l 抓住主体对象
– l 抓住消极否定词汇

⼆、段落信息匹配题
1.统⼀勾画关键词，之后读⽂章
– l 选择特殊名词或短语等具有唯⼀性词汇作为关键词
– l 不要选择其他题⽬中出现三次（含）以上的词汇以及标题⾥的词汇
– l 每道题⾄少要选择两个以上关键词去定位
2.扫读⽂章。先每段⾸末句，再扫未选过段落的中间
– l 先扫读每段⾸末句，完成部分题⽬（读⾸末句往往会出现作者的观点，它会有
⼀些观点的总结，所以⼀般来说⽐较容易出题
– l 再扫读未被选过的段落中间，完成剩余题⽬
– l 若还有题⽬未完成，则扫读曾经选过⾸末句出题的段落
3.扫读⽂章时，若发现疑似匹配题⽬务必翻译⼀下该题⽬，再做判断
– l 2+1 原则：出现 2 个原词 +1 处同义替换（2 处同义替换 +1 原词）
– l 同义替换：1.词性的改写；2.同义词的改写

三、选词填空
1.确定空格所填词性
2.找出对应词性的单词
3.结合⽂章意思填⼊空格

四、冲刺技巧
1.优先完成百分之百确认词性的空格（选词填空的得分密钥，就是要做那种⼀眼能知
道词性的空格）。
a. 动词原形结构
 b.名词
c.形容词修饰名词结构
d.并列
2.选出对应词性的单词后，优先考虑最简单或频率较⾼的词汇，尝试对应题⽬。
3.注意固定搭配以及时态，主谓⼀致。
4.看不懂⻓难句，只需要翻译句⼦主⼲。
5.不确定空格的词性都 "蒙”⾼频副词。
6.在蒙选项时根据不同词形和出现频率进⾏选择，尽量在短时间内得到正确答案。
7.注意：蒙选策略只适⽤于⼀些特定的题型，对于其他类型的题⽬，仍然需要系统地
学习和掌握相关知识和技巧，对于词汇本身的掌握是重中之重。

六级阅读⽅法论

⼀、仔细阅读
1.读题⼲划关键词
– l 在读题⼲的过程当中，题⼲会告诉⼤家在⽂章中要选择哪些部分去读
– l 划关键词以名词为主，以独特的词为主
– a.形式上的，⼤⼩写的，带有标点符号的，
– B.概念上的，前⽂后⽂都没有提到的。
– l 定位困难：
– 先做下⼀题，下⼀题定位句之前的部分就是上⼀句的答案（顺序原则：出题
是按顺序的，⽂章是按顺序出题的）

2.回⽂定位读句⼦
– l 理解困难：借助上下句 联系段⾸尾
– l 因为单词或者是句式⽐较难读不懂，可以读你定位句的上下句或是句⾸提出论
点的句⼦
– l 尽量只读定位句，因为它可以帮你更加清晰的选出答案
– l 逻辑关系是⼀直是阅读的重点

3. 答案原⽂⽐对
– l ⽐对主谓宾 ⽐对修饰 概括性⾼优先 极端选项慎重
– l 注意陷阱选项
– a.以偏概全，明明是有主谓宾结构的句⼦，却把主语省掉
– b.偷换概念，把主语宾语调换⼀下，却只出现⼀个动词

4.哪些选项可以轻松排除?
– ⽆关的选项 (原⽂中完全没有提到的选项)
– 太绝对的选项
– 过度延伸的选项[过度推理)
– 将模棱两可的选项与原⽂关键句⼀⼀对应，选出更适合的那个选项 (常常⽤到同
义替换法)

⼆、⻓篇阅读
1.读⽂章标题
了解⽂章内容 + 主题词汇
2.读句划词
l 划容易在⽂章定位，不易被改写的独⼀⽆⼆的词汇（带标点符号的，⼤写的词，
以及⼀些专业概念或者是⽐较级的词）
l 画词肯定是建⽴在理解的基础之上的
l 名词优先，读 5 句快速回看

3.读⽂章定位⽐对
l 先⾸尾 70%，后段中：⼀般读断⾸或者断尾的句⼦就可以， 70% 的句⼦都出现
在断⾸或者断尾，所以 10 道题⽬你如果读断⾸或者断尾的话，最起码能解决 7 道题
⽬

三、选词填空
1.词性：缩⼩范围
– l 通过它考察的名词、动词、形容词、副词这四类词性先去缩⼩范围，再根据词
义去确定答案
– l 先了解⼀下句⼦的主⼲，⼀般都是主谓宾
– l 在主语、名词的前后，它⼀般出现的都是形容词
– l 在动词的前后，它⼀般都出现的是副词去修饰
– l 当你看到横线前⾯有 a，the，some，any，或者是有个形容词，这⼀空⼀定
要填名词
– l 当你看到了⼀个 must， can 情态动词，或者是⼀个 to do 这个不定式，那后
⾯⼀定是填动词原型
– l ⼀般填在名词后⾯的形容词基本上都是以 ed 或者 ing 结尾的，它叫分词作定
语，分作定语常常会放在后⾯;⼀般的形容词都放在前⾯
2.词义：确定答案
– 词性只能帮助⼤家缩⼩范围。最后要靠词义的填写答案。

四六级真题同义替换汇总
1. poisonous = deadly 有害的
2. endanger = pose a threat to 危害
3. life = species ⽣命 / 物种
4. advantage = edge 优势
5. second-hand = used ⼆⼿的
6. be nutritious = provide nutrients 富有营养
7. global = world's 全球的
8. have effect on = affect 影响
9. be sorry = apologize 道歉
10. spark joy = make…happy 使愉快
11. focus on = concentrate on = pay close attention to 专注于
12. downsides = disruptive effects 负⾯影响
13. ban = prohibit 禁⽌
14. risk factor = potential factor 潜在因素
15. plan to = be going to 计划做
16. encourage = tempt 诱导
17. current status = present = status quo 现状
18. tailor = personalize 定制
19. uncommon = unusual 不寻常的
20. fall = go down/drop 下降
21. tough = difficult 困难的
22. launch = start 开始
23. join = participate in 加⼊
24. expensive = costly 昂贵的
25. masters = postgraduate 硕⼠
26. genius = talent 天赋
27. bug/do harm to = cause trouble to 困扰
28. undermine = cause damage to 破坏
29. age = get older 变⽼
30. provide = offer 提供
31. be important = play an important role 重要的
32. out = not at home 外出的
33. in a foreign country = abroad 在国外
34. be tired of doing = hate to do 讨厌做
35. knock down = pull down 拆除
36. shortage = insufficient supply 供应不⾜
37. in honor of = in memory of 纪念
38. spark creativity = inspire creativity 激发创造⼒
39. feel a sense of excitement = be excited 感到兴奋
40. a touch of sadness(n.) = somewhat sad(adj.) 淡淡的悲伤
41. at birth = the moment they are born 出⽣时
42. in just a few days = soon 很快
43. least-liked = disliked 不喜欢的
44. precious = costly 珍贵的
45. never use = avoid using 不要⽤
46. hold up to honor 信守（承诺）
47. confirm = identify 确认
48. budget cutbacks = inadequate funding 预算削减 / 不⾜
49. emit less pollution(v.) = environmentally friendly(adj.) 环保
50. anytime = whenever 随时
51. in the company of = with 和...⼀起
52. warn = alert 警告
53. more choices = increased variety 更多种类
54. have a social life = socialize = contact with people 社交
55. mood = state of mind ⼼情
56. continuous = endless 持续不断的
57. help = benefit 使受益
58. hazard = danger 危险
59. top student = excellent student 优等⽣
60. holiday = vacation 假期
61. a lot of experience = rich experience 经验丰富
62. leave a comment = post a comment 留⾔
63. renew = change 变化
64. eat = consume 吃
65. be familiar with = get used to 熟悉
66. a four-time champion(n.) = win four times(v.) 获得四次冠军
67. really = badly ⾮常
68. stuck = trapped 困住的
69. reliable = trustworthy 可信的
70. seldom speak = stay quiet 不说话
71. monitor = supervise 监督
72. close = shut down 关闭
73. go dead = stop working 停⽌运转
74. be looking for a job = be unemployed 失业的
75. who don’t have money = poor 穷的
76. face penalties = be fined 被罚款
77. not be able to = fail(failure) to 未能
78. have a long conversation = talk at length ⻓谈
79. decline(v.) = less and less(adj.) 减少
80. higher(adj.) = rise(v.) 增加
81. wrap = cover 包裹，覆盖
82. unviable not profit from 未获利的
83. by comparison = differ from 相⽐之下
84. feel confident that = be sure that 确信
85. laborious = challenging 费劲的
86. skepticism = doubts 怀疑
87. arouse = lead to 引起
88. harvest = yield 产量
89. be unrelated to = different 不同于
90. see sth. = perspective 看待
91. ignore = take no notice of 忽视
92. billions of dollars = financial resources 财⼒
93. food production = farming 农业⽣产
94. use up = consume 消耗
95. divine = cutting-edge ⾮凡的；先进的
96. tragic = unfortunate 不幸的
97. curses = problems 问题
98. curb = flatten 控制
99. slow = take time 耗时
100. come with = involve 涉及，伴随
101. alter = change 改变
102. come at a price = pay a price 付出代价
103. compulsion = compel 强迫
104. give a thumbs-up = accept 接受
105. solution = tackle the problem 解决⽅案
106. obligation = responsibility 责任
107. spare doing = stop from doing 阻⽌
108. critical = key 核⼼的
109. the rest of lives = lifelong 终⽣
110. sound like = seem 似乎
111. up-to-date = inventive 创造的
112. pay for = bear the cost 承担费⽤
113. blend = combine 结合
114. trigger = make 使…
115. loneliness = isolated 孤独
116. inadequacy = incompetent 不满⾜的
117. idealize = paint a rosy picture 想象
118. treasured = memorable 难忘的
119. face to face = real-life 现实的
120. wither = less 变差；变少
121. conserve = preserve 保护
122species = community 种群
123. new = novel 新颖的
124. completely = all-round 完全地
125. ability to use two languages = functional bilingualism 双语使⽤能⼒
126. do significantly better than = outperform 表现出⾊
127. twenty years = two decades 20 年
128. especially = most famously 尤其
129. cultural diversity = different cultures 多元⽂化
130. seriously = deeply 严重地
131. exert a lifelong influence = shape life 影响⼀⽣
132. bilingual speaker = people who speak two languages 双语使⽤者
133. become more involved = increase involvement 更多参与
134. responsibility and choice = who should do what 个⼈职责
135. suggest = come up with 提议
136. rarely = have not 没有
137. method = anything constructive ⽅法
138. be motivated to = have the incentive to 有动⼒
139. respond = act accordingly 回应
140. go far enough = do enough ⾜够
141. different states = from state to state 不同的州
142. markedly different = differ widely 明显不同
143. region = place 地区
144. be short of = be hard to come by 缺乏
145. professional = expertise 专业知识
146. reluctant = far less willing 不愿意
147. supporter = advocate ⽀持者
148. opponent = critic 反对者
149. pretend to be = pose as 假装
150. disturbing = unsettling 令⼈不安的
151. regulation = rule 规定
152. hinder = hamper 阻碍
153. development = growth 发展
154. inefficient = not productive 不⾼产的
155. not adequate access to all = inequality 不平等
156. sustainability goal = sustainable development 可持续发展
157. empirical = built from experience 基于经验的
158. latter half = second half 后半
159. insensitive to = incapable of 不敏感；不能
160. power = capability 能⼒
161. research = study 研究
162. small baby = infant 婴⼉
163. debate = no consensus 争论
164. draw from = infer from 从…得出结论
165. answer = respond to 回应
166. self-centered = egocentric 以⾃我为中⼼的
167. be less influential = fall out of favor 不受重视的
168. radical = extreme 极端的
169. feel less stress = combat stress 抗压
170. not for everyone = vary considerably from person to person 因⼈⽽异
171. secure the welfare of… = benefit 有利于
172. cooperation between = coordinated efforts of 合作
173. be affected by = be subject to 受影响
174. switch to = convert to 转向
175. more expensive than = priced over ⽐…贵
176. ... be scarce = exhaust… 不⾜
177. purely = exclusively 纯粹地
178. equip = enable 使
179. discrepancy = gap = division 分歧
180. foster = create 制造
181. face = be on the verge of ⾯临
182. extinction = dying out 灭绝
183. disastrous = fatal 毁灭性的
184. most = more than half ⼤部分
185. turning = tipping 转折的
186. happiness = wellbeing 幸福
187. in recent years = the most recent year available 近年来
188. direct = face-to-face 直接的
189. stress = make a point of 强调
190. prove = establish causes 证明
191. go up = climb 上升
192. depression = deprivation 衰落
193. be contrary to = contradict 与…相反
194. a step further = further than before 进⼀步
195. less = lower 更少
196. affect = have relationship with 影响⼀⽣
197. too much = excessive 过多的
198. be the cause of = to blame 是…的原因
199. thinking = mental activity ⼼理活动
200. be stressed = face pressure ⾯对压⼒
201. others are watching = be under watchful eyes 被监视
202. worst = massive 严重的
203. disaster = catastrophe 灾难
204. practice what to do = prepare for 应对
205. overburden = make…work harder 使负担过重
206. malfunctioning = problematic 出问题的
207. realize = come to mind 意识到
208. additional = extra 额外的
209. overweight = obese 超重的
210. senior = older individual ⽼年⼈
211. around = immediate 周围的
212. the people you admire = idols 偶像
213. predict = suggest 预测；表现
214. behavior = how to behave 表现出⾊
215. in the immediate vicinity of = too close to 附近
216. colony; ground = habitat 栖息地
217. create = establish 建⽴
218. sanctuary = conservation area 避难所
219. protect = conservation 保护
220. a group of = multiples 很多
221school pupil = elementary school group ⼩学⽣
222. careful = cautious 谨慎的
223. prevent = guard against 防⽌
224. free of charge = free 免费的
225. creative developer = innovator 创新者
226. outcome = consequence 结果；数量
227. pose hazards to = collide with 构成威胁；撞击
228. accessible to = available to 获得
229. be friends with = build close relationships with 交友
230. emerge as a priority = be important 重要的
231. conflict = inharmonious 不和谐
232. undermine = have an adverse effect on 产⽣不利影响
233. inconsequential; unimportant = irrelevant ⽆关紧要的
234. indifference = unwilling 冷漠；不愿意
235. satisfactory = passing 还⾏的
236. traditional = old-fashioned 传统的
237. a concern for… = keep…awake at night 使担忧
238. quite some time = not any time soon 很⻓⼀段时间
239. suffer the fate of = go the way of 遭遇
240. more = a new level of 更加
241. the best thing = blessing 好事
242. the worst thing = disaster 坏事
243. to happen = in the making 正在酝酿
244. crucial = extremely important 极为重要的
245. our species = humankind ⼈类
246. instead = shift from…to 转⽽
247. destruction = ruin 毁灭
248. what…say = feedback 反馈
249. get concerned about = show care about 关注
250. footwear = shoes 鞋
251. commonly believed = conventional wisdom 普遍认为
252. be motivated to = have incentive to 有动⼒
253. prolong = lengthen 延⻓
254. lifespan =life cycle 寿命
255. advisable for = benefit 有助于
256. partner with = work together 合作
257. let…take responsibility = place burden on 使承担
258. produce = reap 收获
259. revenue = profit 收益
260. not know = be kept in dark ⼀⽆所知
261. create = cause 导致
262. schedule = regulate 规划
263. likelihood = possibility 可能