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Terms and conditions apply and can be found at www pelpublications.comRaspberry Pi For Beginners w Raspberry Pi For Beginners is the first and only choice if you want to learn everything about the Pi from the ground up - where the only limitation is your imagination. Learn how to build some amazing projects from a retro gaming console to a home entertainment system. The possibilities of the Raspberry Pi are endless and the best place to start is right here. Papercut www.pclpublications.comContents 6 Get Started With The Raspberry Pi Poesia Peg eo tuel CONS aears Ears cue Pe ea Erma cere al Ee as sei) Re ese ard ECS Rake Saurs Raspberry Pi 3 Complete Operating System SC Nee Ce aE PK edie TF Cre cen cnd SEM Iak ee Setit Up PT og A FEO Remeron Tuc ens PMC alee NS Ur) Peele eo Peete) Pee ae anD Microcontroller 48 Explore The Raspberry Pi OS Pe eicotean ce Comes eeu Lyme et hur eur a ne) CCl a2) Pa Sa CME Rie eae ees 64 Edit Images with GIMP 56 Connecting to the Pi Remotely 58 Using APT to Install and fuera ca“With our Raspberry Pi guide in your corner, you willlearn and discover how the Pi works, what you can do with itand where to take your Pi adventures. It's helped people learn how computers, coding and electronics work, as well as helping science and engineering, astronauts and technicians, young and old, teachers and students."Get Started with Raspberry Pi ma O72) msl relate with the Raspberry Pi Your journey with this amazing little computer begins here. Say hello to the Get ise Le nS oe) Le) SC Le Deeks aie URC R eR eee MRR el me el mL} the world of the Raspberry Pi. In this section, you'll discover what makes the Raspberry Pi such a fabulous little computer and project board. There are in-depth guides to the hardware, operating system, what you'll need to begin with and enjoying the software the Pi has to offer from your computer's desktop. Now let's see what this amazing ee Um Roca oeBS Get Started with Raspberry Pi cae aa eee Shee ee seat OUR ee ee Poet’ een a ocean ea Secu sin A eee ey Sareea te) Rian reer erence Tata Tae eee ee oe aa rece rant Pets raspberry Pi3 Model 8+ was launched on 14 March International Pi day 2018. This san improved version witha faster Scare rey come ere ne] Pee ener ened ences SLE tite Cente reneereeeg et Cs‘The Raspberry Plis a British ui low cost ‘computer that enables everybody to learn ‘computing, start programming and explore basicelectronic is the sizeof a credit ‘card but capable of running afulloperating system and doing everything a desktop does. More importantly, with the Raspberry Piyou install your own operating system, connect all ‘your devices and create your own programs Using languages like Scratch and Python, ‘There’sno case so you can hook up electronic Grcuts to the pins and control them to get input and output, so you can hacktogether ‘electronic projects at home. Setting up a Raspberry Pi pretty simple, ‘and throughout this book welltake youstep- by-step from unboxing your Raspberry ito setting it up and getting started. ‘There are many different models of Raspberry Pi available and each has slightly different Features (see opposite), ‘The Fundamentals of each Raspberry Piare similar though. Each medelisa lightweight Raspberry Pi 4 Model B e eee Rioters ee eae | Say Hello to Raspberry Pi I ‘computer ona single board that’s roughly the size ofa creditcard, Each Raspberry Pi board features a processor made by ARM, which issimlarto the models youfind ina ‘mobile phone. The ARM processor is Fast {and lightweight but t runs a different set of software than you might be used to. There ‘are many different operating systems (05) ‘available, but for most ofthis book well Focus on one called Raspberry FiOS, which Is the OS recommended by the Raspberry Pi Foundation ‘There'sno hard drive on the Raspberry Pi, instead the operating systems installed ‘on an SD Card (the cards typically usedin cameras). The operating system isinstalled ‘onto the SD Card by copying the Filesto the ‘SD Card using a computer. We'llshow you how to set up the Raspberry Pi OS using a ‘Mac or Windows computer. ‘Once youhave an OS installed on the SD Card you can set up your Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pils connected to amonitorviaa HDMIsocket whilst a keyboard and mouse is eens crea ed nies Ethernet adapte attached to the USB socket. A smaller Micro [USB connection is used to provide power to the device. Most Raspberry Pi models feature ‘an Ethernet connection, and an Ethernet ‘ableis connected from your Raspberry Pito ‘socket on your modem router. Both the Raspberry Pi 3 and 4 models have built in wireless networking and Bluetooth, ‘makingit easy to get online. You can attach ‘2 USB WiFi dongle or Ethernet adaptor to ‘older models. First it will help to know which Raspberry Piyou are using, This cn be tricky as there hhave been several distinct models sofar. The layouts opposite will help you determine which Raspberry Piyou have, This book coversallthe different models, and they offer largely similar Features, although newer models offer addtional extras. Once YU know which Raspberry Piyou own, you ‘an getitup and running Pee aan Sroeeriy Pitt vwwuipelpubleationscom 9BS et Started with Raspberry Pi Raspberry Pi 5 In Depth ena Ue iy aCe Me eee Reso ene OU it's more than twice as powerful as the previous model. Let's take a look at this incredibly Cec RecmmnemeLcoa nage HAT & GPIO Interface Powerful CPU Power Button Power InPIS SPEC SHEET PR erences ee Tea VideoCore Vil GPU, supporting OpenGL ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.2 Pee ees Creer Creer Bluetooth 5.0 / Bluetooth Low Eneray (BLE) Get to Know the Raspberry Fi CC eo Cetd 2x USB 3.0 ports, supporting simultaneous SGbps operation Patera Ce eased ee ean ces cee Ree eeeictt a Fan Connector Ethernet PiI/O Chip Two Micro-HDMI Ports vwwuipelpubleationscom 11ms Get Started with Raspberry Pi The Pi 5 — Another Leap Forward for the Pi So Sear tee ec ee cae EU Oru ead Cea au seo ead Er Ss ene Due Neko ele TRUCE rane nA Petia ic eae ory ‘The Raspberry Pi has come along way sinceit was First released way back in February 2012. ABC (Single Board Computer) designed to be cheap and open, it was aimed at those who want to learn about computer science by tinkering, modifying and coding It proved way more popular than expected, withits low price and the huge wealth of Pi projects available led to people buying it fora single use rather than tinkering. Retro gamers, for example, splashed out ona Pi for playing old-school ROMs, and system managers might install one to monitor a network. Designed in Cambridge, UK, by 2015 the Raspberry Pi had overtaken the Sinclair x Spectrumas the bestselling British computer oF alltime. This year’s update, the Raspberry PS, isthe best yet. Unusually For a new Raspberry i model, it was announced to the publicon 28th September, a month before its general release. But whatisthe Raspberry Pi 5, and what's so special about it? REDEFINED EXPERIENCE ‘The new model has ‘redefined the Raspberry Pi experience’. TWo versions are available, with 4GB or 8GB of onboard memory. ts quad- cate Aem Cortex-A76 processor running at2.4GHz probably isn't as speedy as your PC or Mac's CPU, butt’ over twice as Fast asthe chip sed nits predecessor, the Raspberry Pid For the first time on a Raspberry P, there's power button onthe board too. Youno longer have to switchit off at the mains or pul the power leadout of the USE-C socketf you want to restart the ‘computer after a crash, Now you just press a button. Ths button is Found atthe front ofthe computer, opposite the Ethernet and USB ports. Because ofthis-and several other changes -you cantuse an ld Raspberry P4 case witha Raspberry Pi board. Youhave to buy ‘ase that’s built forthe PS. The Raspberry Foundation already sels them, and thiré-party manufacturers are sure to release their own, cover time, giving you some more optionsto suit your style 12 wu plpubitions. cam ANEW PORT "Next tothe power button is anew single-lane PCle port to attach Cle and NVMe devices. These might include compatible SSDs, networking devices and even a full-sized graphics card. Thisnew port brings nother degree of expandability te the Raspberry Pi, and willbe espedially useful fr advanced users who really wantto get the most From their single board computer. OF course allthisextra speed and power takesits tollon electricity consumption. The Raspberry Pi Sis powered through a USB-C socket, and f your processing needs are low - maybe youjust want tosurt the web, or mess around with programming -a regular USB.C plug will do. But if you make good use ofthe expansion capabilities ofthe >>". Now, enter the Following: Print (‘Helle, world!”) Users ofPython will undoubtedly recognise the syntax, but f you've ‘never coded with Python before, then let's explain what's going onin this simple tne ‘The print command, as you probably assume, is used to print, oF lspay, something tothe screen forthe user to read. IFyou want tosay something tothe user, then you'll need to enclose yourtext Inside a par of brackets and quotation marks. In this example, we're displaying the words Hele, word! When the MicroPython interpreter readsthe Print command it wil naturally assume that something s being dsplayed, and look For anumber of acceptable ‘outcomes. The First bracket and opening quotation mark means there's going to be some text, so the interpreter willook for lasing set of quotation marks and bracket Press Enter, and the words He6, woELa! will appear inthe Shel section of Thonn. What you've just done is communicate directly with the Pico, and through MicroPython onthe Pico, i's recognised the command you've entered and acted onit. Just for Fun, enter the command again, but this time intentionally miss out the last bracket. Youll notice thatthe Shell doesn't want toccontinue without the bracket, so therefore it's an erro. While using MicroPython, or most other programming languages, you'll need to be careful what you type. The slightest mistake can have dire consequences to your code or, more than likey, itl just stop itFrom working For the next example, click the upper part of Thonny, where the number “Tis. Now enter the Hello, world code again. When youhit Enter this, time, youl notice thatinstead of running the code through the Pico, “Thonn has created a second ine andis waiting For more input. \Wihile using the Shells grea, i's not so good For creating multi-line code. Thisis where the upper section comesin.To execute the code in the upper section youl need to do the following: Click the Run button; this opens a new window asking Fora save locaton (This computer or the Raspberry Pi Pico). This is because any code that’s been entered inthe upper section of Thonny needsto be saved First, asap ile, beforeit can be executed. 30 wplpubitions camSelect the Pics the save location, then when asked, create aname For the py fle inthis case callit HelloWorldpy and cick the OK button. ‘Assoonas you've saved the file, it wil automatically run and youl see the output from the code dsplayedin the Shell box. Alternatively you can open a browser and navigate to https://www. raspberrypi.org/documentation/pico/getting started. Scroll down, Lntilyou get tothe Getting started with MicroPython section, and follow the on-screen instructions, Click onthe Download UF2 file button -at the bottom of the Getting Started info box. ‘Once the UF2filehas been downloaded, locate it nthe Downloads Folder on your computer, and click and dragit into the Pico storage , hea ocd builtin Wii and Bluete Pao t FIFTH GENERATION: ‘The latest Raspberry Piis by Farthe most capable. Raspberry Pi Sis more than twice as owerfulasits predecessor, the Raspberry Pid, andithas new hardware Features such ‘asa dedicated Raspberry Pisilcon YO chip ‘and, a Long last, an in-built power button. e's _avallable with 4GB and 868 of memory, and itmakes hardware improvements across the entire board itself Ifyou'rea dedicated tinkerer, whatever your level oF experience, the Raspberry Pi Sis the single board computer For you. IF you're looking fora Raspberry Pito put toa single Use, though, ask yourself whether you need the extra power offered by fifth-generation Pi. The older models are bound to fal in price asthe Raspberry PiS catches on, so if aPi4 or even Pi3is enough for whatever itis you wish todo, why not save alittle money? ZEROS: ‘Measuring atjust 65x 30x'5mm, the Zero. still packed ina single-core 1GHz processor, ‘S12MB of memory, a mini-HOMI port, micro USB port, 40-pin GPIO and a micro-SD card slot. However, it lacked wireless and other ‘networking capabilities. The Pi Zero W added ‘wireless networking, with 2.4GHz single- band Wi-Fi module as wellas Bluetooth 4.1. ‘The Raspberry PiZero and Zero Ware cheap ‘and small, but they're not as powerful asthe regular Raspberry Pi models, Whether you buy regular Pi or a Pi Zero depends, of course, ‘on what you plan to do with it. For many low- needs uses, the Zero or Zero Wis ideal. foes Recuueia ei cae L wvowpeoubleationscom 41a: Get Started with Raspberry Pi Inital Kit You'll Need and How to Set it Up The Raspberry Pi is as bare bones as a computer can get. You get a motherboard, but not much else. So you'll need a few extras to get it up and running but they're things you're likely Ee othe oar es tan a ASK AROUND ‘The ktlist required to set up a Raspberry Pis pretty basic keyboard, mouse, HDM monitor, SD Card and an optional case. Many ofthese items you'llalready have, but don't rush out and buy those you don't. Askaround to see if anybody you know has spares EE ‘The most important thing you need is an SO Card, These ae the storage cards commonly found in digital ‘cameras. All modern Raspberry Pi boards including the Raspberry Pi3 ‘and PiZero, use Micro SD cards but the older boards may usea larger ‘SD Gard. EE ‘The SD Card plugs into the SD Card socket. On the Raspberry Pi 4,3, and PiZero, you push the card in ‘and pullit out. On some older models, you push the SD Card in again toejectit All Cards have a notch on one corner that ensuresit ‘only goesin one way round. Unless you bought a card with NOOBS preinstalled, youllneed to install the software onit First. 42 wow pcpubleatonscom ‘Youll wantto connect your aspbery Ptothe a Internet. The Raspberry Pi 4 and Pi 3 Model B+, have built in wireless networking and Ethernet The Model A and Raspberry Pi2indlude an Ethernet socket but the Pero andlder bards equie ether an theret adaptor ora WEF dongle to set online[ Kit You'll Need and How to Setit Up @% ‘Both the Pi and 3 come with Four USB sockets but iF ‘you own ai Zero, you may need to purchase a USB Hub. These connect into the USB socket, and provide four (or mare) USB connections. Typically, you need to connect a keyboard and a ‘mouse, s0 at least two USB ports are required EE ‘Two things that should be easy to find are a USB Keyboard and USB Mouse. We routinely prefer USB. devices that plug directly into the Raspberry PI but devices with Wireless dongles generally workjust as well Only the Raspberry Pi 4 and 3 Model 8+ come with Bluetooth as standard, so you're best bet {sto opt for USB, iFpossibe. You can also choose to house your vwwuipelpubleations.com 438 Get Started with Raspberry Pi Set Up Raspberry Pi Using macOS You should install NOOBS (New Out Of Box Software) on your SD C: ee CN etry any further. This feature looks at how to format an SD Card and copy the software using an Apple Mac computer. GETTING TO KNOW NOOBS ‘The easiest way to get up and running isto use NOOBS, a software program created by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. You can buy a NOOBS SD Card from Raspberry Pi butts easy to make your owm with an old unused SD Card (8GB recommended) ‘We're going to use a utility called SD Card Formatter 5 to.erase the SD Card with correc formatting. You an download this app from https//wwwsdeardorg/downloads/ Formatter_4/Click Download SO Formatter for Macand Accept. lick the SDFormatterpk file in your Downloads Folder and follow the instructions to install the app. _— 20% So secon “ ‘SD Memory Card Formatter for Mac Download Wake sr the cardi presentnthe Select Card are, Bice) you should only have one SD Card inserted into your ac Open SDFarmater and choose the verre Format option to ensuretht lhe data emovedrom he card Enter a name for thecardin the Nome itty youldenty hough st necesay forthe nation process sone Tye (0 overwrite format EE Use an SD Card of at least 868 capacity to install the ‘operating system on your Raspberry Pi. The card needsto be Formatted, which will erase all the data on it, so make ‘sure you have copied any Files from ityou want to save. Insert the ‘0 Card into your Mac ether directly into the SD Card slot or with ‘an SD Card adaptor. ka: APPLE SD CardReader Media 8 Type sone capacity 18.0468, (© adiek format ‘overwrite format 44 wowpclpubleatonscom ‘eke Format ttn when youre read to wipe plas the card, There are other ways to Format SD Cards in ‘nO i pater Dk Ut bute acvntage ofS Car Formate stat twpes SD Crd ith the cree FAT2 format and does affect the proectedparition ican take awhetoFormat he Sb Card but the progress bari show you how te processing, 7 L a 1 Dee eee | continueSet Up Raspberry Pi Using a Mac a When sD arfomaterusinshediematingthe PEESPNI vows dwnoetheNOOESsfr rom EEE ecicittnencorecncenety” ELD Scrgicrynncne omainosens default mounted volumes appear as anicon onthe desktop.\Fnot___ wwweraspberrypi.org/downloads/ into the Smart Search Feld cro ‘open new Finder window and check for itunder Devices. Checkthat down to find the NOOBS section (not NOOBS LITE) and click the SD Cardis accessible and click Close in SOFormatter. Download Zip. A zip file containing the NOOBS files willbe placed in, ‘your Downloads Folder. COPY THE SOFTWARE “Transfer the NOOBS Files to your SD Card to continue the setup process. ‘Open the Downloads Folder and click on the NOOBS BY ai For al oF the les tobe copied From your Zipfiletounzipit. ANOOBS folder should appear in Downloads folder tothe SD Card, After the Fileshave ‘your downloads; it will be marked with the version number you Finished copying open the SD Card and check that all ofthe Fle are in, downloaded from the Raspberry i Downloads page.Clickon the _the root. Youshould see "bootcade.bin’ and "BUILD-DATA’ ile, anda folder to open it and view al the files contained inside. "defaults folder among ather files. Press Command-A to selec all the file inside the ‘Make sure you eject the SD Card properly. Do not just NOOBS folder. Now drag and drop al the ils From removeit from the Mac instead, drag the SD Card the NOOBS folder tothe SD Card. This will copyall ofthese Files to the icon to the rash to ejectt from your system. Or open anew Finder root (the base ofthe SD Card. Make sure youcopyrthefiles andnot window and locate the SO Card under Devices, click the small ject the NOOBS folder containing them, icon next to it. Now remove the SD Card from your Mac.Itisready to, be inserted into your Raspberry Pi. q wow papubleationscom 458 Get Started with Raspberry Pi Set Up Raspberry Pi Using a Windows PC It's easy to set up your Raspberry Pi with a Windows PC by downloading and copying NOOBS. This installs a selection of OS's onto the Raspberry Pi. So let's format your SD Card ale R gi 01) etoav oe E- BU a e (oases SETTING UP WITH NOOBS NOOBS (New Out OF Box Software) isa program used to make setting up a Raspberry Pi simple. You can buy $O Cards with NOOBS. preinstalled, but here welllook at how to Format your SD Card and install NOOBS using a Windows computer. ‘We're going to use a utility called SD Card Formatter to.erase the SD Card with correc formatting. You an download this app from https//wwwsdeardorg/downloads/ Formatter/eula_windows/indexhtml. Click the Accept button to start the dovinioad of the latest version ofthe software. Extract the software, and double-click the executable to install and run the app. The Drive letter wilbe automaticaly signed SUMS depending on the drive(s) in your PC. Click Refresh if it cart find your SO Card, Ensure the Quick Format options selected Enter anamein the Volume Label Field to make easier todentify the card ve wsed"S0 Cae, ‘operating system on our Raspberry Pi The cad needs to be Formatted, which wil erase allthe data oni so make sure you have ‘copied ay ies from t you want to save. Insert the SD Card into your PC, ‘ther directyinto the SD Card slot or using an SD Card adaptor. selects Atos z car efomatin ee ss cxesty rae Foxman ots Cavcefomat Qovewte mat os omat ene afnstent 46 wowpcpubleationscom e-bont Y fateh cession Te sr s> Vote bel FPP ick the Format button and ves when you are readyto wipe the card. There are ther waysto Format SO Cards in windows, but the advantage of SD Card formatter isthat ‘wipes SD Cards with the correct FAT32 format, and doesn't affect the protected partition. Click OK again, when the format s complete.Set Up Raspberry Pi Using a Windows PC Sl Eau ‘lick Exit to close down the SDFormatter program. Click tart > File Explorer and choose the SD Card inthe sidebar. The drive should be empty, but we will copy the files to itn the next steps. For now ust make sue that you can access the empty root ofthe SD Card. COPY THE SOFTWARE Continue making your SD card by copying the files across. er eos Cretan ras ‘downloaded from the Raspberry Pi Downloads web ste, Dovble- Sener a eae eo eee ete iced en your SD Card EE [Now it's time to download the NOOBS software from the Raspberry Pi website. Open a web browser and enter hetps://wwwuraspberrypiorg/downtoads/noobs/ into the URL field. ‘Scroll down to find the NOOBS section (not NOOBS LITE) and click DDownlcad Zip and Save. A zip File containing the NOOBS filesis copied to your Downloads Folder. Click Open Folder when itis done. 6 a Cores Cor ee Re copied will install an operating system oF your choice on the Raspberry Chores enero Cee nr ter ea et eerie Istep2 | Crore tiers iste | eer ener re ay feed Cent eee) the sidebar to display the contents. It should now eee eee ee ten mee) Peet nae ne ee eT Uc eu d een Pe eee nee erata Ret Ree eee ry pec eee ee ee ta es theSD Card from your Windows PC. 'snow ready tobe inserted into Cele vwwuipelpubleationscom 47RP1-CO Va eee POKK20 00Explore Raspberry Pi OS = Explore The Raspberry PiOS BUC) ese Cee) Cue BAe eC packed with a fantastic collection of programs and apps to help you get the Tie SiR el amp AOE) R UC eR OR ee eR functioning desktop computer, and with it, you can code in the latest version Ue eee RU Me Ree ee CR Cem tor] 10) LibreOffice, that's Microsoft Office compatible if you install the Full Desktop ATES Cl) ip a OS Raspberry Pi OS allows you to connect to your existing home network, surf the Internet, play music and videos, edit documents, send emails and much more. With a few simple tricks you can easily install more free software that, SMe Aureos OU Re eee see ORL computers and control the desktop. This section of the book introduces many of the skills, tricks and hacks you need to take full command of the Raspberry Pi. Skills that you will use time and time again when creating your own Pi projects. See)Explore Raspberry Pi OS | Take a Tour of PIXEL mua oe ones Clg oe emer ene Les edhe) Pees ge utah imate eu ue eM N mse tech Nia Reco umRe ee ence omen ice PIXEL PIXEL stands for “Pi Improved Xwindow Environment, Lightweight l'sa lightning fast and eneray saving desktop that looks good too. It contains almost everything you'll ever need to work withthe Pi. “The PIXEL interface fsa module that'sinstalled Youll notice that within the Main menu, MILD orrop or tne cores. thasseensome MARIIGIIND there's category named Office Inher, improvements over the years, and with the lease oFthePi4and _youlfinda preinstalled suite of programs called LibreOffice that are Raspberry P05 Buster it ow looks tke this. Microsoft Office compatible; there's a word processor, database, one érewin, presentation and spreadsheet program. 5 OB Bimmer Om < sKamesee TSE Tezoserettcone eisai PTPEPRIOREIRY to owt scree per DED werereccovenag ns ecdaonernegrer a _on the Raspberry Pi logo in the upper left corner of the desktop. Once Application Launch Bar (the one that is shaped like a pair of files). This. there youcan selecrom the submenu ctepories followedoytheopense window depayngall he fiesnyourhome Greco The program name. Directory Tree gives quick access to common folders, suchas Desktop ‘and Documents, 50 wplpubitions cam| Take a Tour of PIXEL ay Tponbletorenoveandaddemstatbe boseeuucy Application Menu using the Main Menu Editor. Choose Hans>Preferencers an Men Er hen ado reove ticks next to programs and sections you want to include\exclude. Use "Move Up and Move Down to rearrange itemsin the Menu. =m fetes ee a @tieen | @ Qcacun % otce % $otice rs Ome |S Grama Bsoncevans | % ff sande vie ee re acme | pom Tose 2 Wom Gaeonese |Z Gomi tat Pico | 7 Gincmaaie CUSTOMISE THE DESKTOP Aswi any other operating system desktop, you're able to customise the Raspberry P's PIXEL interface, making t more personal and more you. EEL {important that you switch off your Raspberry Pisafely. When you are finished with your ‘Raspberry Pi session click Menu > Shutdown, Three options appear: Shutdown, Reboot, and Logout. Click Shutdown, Always wat forthe screen to go blank before removing the USB power. = ________ RPSISTaN al) choose Menu > Preferences > Appearance Settings to open the Appearance Settings ‘window. There are four sections: Desktop, Menu Bar, System, and Defaults. You can use these to adjust the various options for your system, such as colours, layout, and soon. Desktop | MenuBar| System _ Defaults Layout Fill screen with image Picture © temple jog 2 (Colour Text Colour Documents Wastebasket ¥ Mounted Disks Cancel ok PERTIGE) eroconroncoraezmsr be em 8 the desktop wallpaper, or desktop background The deft scaled Tempe, howeve by king on ttemplejpg in the Picture section ofthe Appearance Settings, you have other images available. Naturally, you can opt For your own, Destagp | Meru sar Sytem | Defauts ze Large 222) The second abin the Appearance Settings window HERMES) allows you to adjust the menu bar that runs along thetop ofthe desktop Youcan changes size our and even location from the top tothe bottom ofthe screen. — =—_—_e Desktop | MenuBar| system | Defaults Layout Fil seen wth mage Penae © fo jog Text Colour Documents % Wastebasket ¥ Mounted Disks cancel OK iw ‘The System tab in the Appearance Settings window will tenable you to change the core system font, as wellas the ‘mouse cursor size. There are numerous fonts to choose From and iF Yyouwant, you can even install your own, wow pdpubleationscom 51B "Xplore Raspberry Pi OS Exploring the Command Line USING TERMINAL Despite its graphical PIXEL interface, Raspberry POS is a Linux operating system and this means youll spend alot oftime working with text commands. Using the command lines an important part of learning to use a Raspberry Pi computer. EE By default the Raspberry Pi boots directiy into the EE ‘Another way to switch to a command tine environment. PIXEL interface, Here you use a visual metaphor, Files, isto press ControlvAlt and F. This gets rid of the buttons and so on, to make changes to your computer. The command line is where you control a computer by entering text commands Click Terminalin the Menu bar toview the console, desktop completely and you see just ablack screen with text. This is knownasa vitual envionment and youre nowin tty2 ty" isa throwback toteletext writers). Youll need to enter your login name (pi by defaut) and password raspberry" by default) jsrep2 | ‘You can enter commands into the Terminal to make changesto the computer. This works alongside the PIXEL interface, Enter:mleixr Desktop/testfoldex and press return. Notice a new folder appears below the Trash on the desktop, Drag ito trash to getrid oft. You can use the Terminal and POXEL environments alongside each other. * B® Breer u Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 raspberrypi tty6 EEz ‘There are six different virtual environments available. Press Control-AltF3 to switch tothe third, and ControtAlt-F4 to goto the Fourth, and so on. You'll need to log ‘onto each one in the First instance but can then jump back and forth between them, raspberrypi login: 52 wwiw.peloubiations.coming the Command Line @ Eee Press ControlAlt-F1 to retum to the PIXEL interface. ‘Some users prefer to use just the command line. (One thing to realise is that PIXEL iust a program running on top ofthe tty! session. Open Terminal and enter: i221. 2xsession. Ouch there goes your desktop. Dont worry, enter: starts to get t back again, Most ofthe time you just enter ‘commandsinto the Terminal window on top oF the PIXEL environment. SOuesOn: w ‘Open Men > Preferences » Raspberry Pi configuration and choose To CLI and click OK and Yes. The Raspberry Pi will aw boot into the command line interface. Enter: starts to get back to PIXEL, open Raspberry Pi Configuration and ‘choose To Desktop to go back to normal. OE O Be: 8 ODEN & © Bienen w 6 OE 4 Es vwwnplpubiations.com 53WB Explore Raspberry Pi OS Setting Up a Static IP Address DHCP RESERVATION Now that you've et up your Raspberry Pi and connected it to the network, you should take time to Fixits IP address. This will make it alot easier For youto connect tothe Raspberry Pi from a Mac or Windows computer and share files, Ey ‘When you EE To Find out what number your Raspberry Piis using connect ck on the Terminal con and enter: feontig and your Raspberry Pitoa press Return. You should find it nextto “inet aden”. The challenge is network the router (or thatthe router assigns this number using DHCP (Oynamic Host modem/router assigns it Configuration Protocol, When the Raspberry Ps unplugged it number, known ass IP reuses the number and your Raspberry Pimay get a different number (internet Protocol) address. nexttime, Thisisa block of Four igits 6 OCMS 0 Bea and the first three are usually 192.1680. after thatisa digit for each ‘electronic device. EE ‘The router typically takes the first address, so itis Ezz \esbetter allround ifyou can get the Raspberry Fito usually found at 192.168.0.1. That number isreserved use the same IP address every time you connect itto for the router. Often youllfind this number on your router marked —_the network. You de this using DHCP Reservation. This is where you ‘web address". The router then assigns similar IP address numbersto _tellyourrouterto remember the Raspberry Piaddress, and only use the other devices you own as they ae added to the network, $0 that address from now on, Stat by opening the Chromium Browser '192.168.0.2 might be your computer, 192.168.03 your smartphone and and entering 192.1680.1 to connect to your router's web interface. 54 ww plpubitions cam