LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

POLICE Organization and ADMINISTRATION

BY: PSSG Jessie Mae S Vicen

Historical Development of Policing

 Philippine Criminal Justice System

Its Pillar:

POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT "the initiators of action or the prime mover“

PROSECUTION "the champion and the state representative"
COURT "the center pillar & the final arbiter of justice"
CORRECTION "the reformer and weakest pillar"
COMMUNITY "the informal or the base pillar"

Police:

Greek word – Polis (city-state)

Politeia – (Government of a city)
Roman word – Politia (State of a city or government)
German Polizei – Police officer
Officer De Paix – (Law enforcement officer)
Police the agency of a community/government that is responsible for enforcing the law,
maintaining public order, preventing and detecting crime.

Police Organization and Administration

 Organization – a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives

 Police organization – A group of trained personnel in the field of public safety
administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property, enforcement of the
laws and prevention of crime.

Administration – An organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives

and plans and internal operating efficiency connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior,
relatively routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal order.

Police Administration – the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience of
laws and related statutes focused on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies are
organized and managed in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively,
efficiently and productively.
Functions In A Police Organization

 Primary or Line Functions

 Staff Or Administrative Functions
 Auxiliary Functions

Primary or Line Functions

 Functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services
and dealing directly with public.
Examples.
 Patrolling
 Traffic duties
 Crime investigation

Staff Or Administrative Functions

 functions that are designed to support the line function and assist in the performance of
the line functions.
Examples.
 Planning
 Research
 Budgeting
 Legal advice

Auxiliary Functions
 Functions that are responsible for the logistical operations of the organization.
Examples.
 training;
 communication;
 maintenance;
 records management;
 supplies; and
 equipment management

Organic Units in a Police Organization

Operational units - those that perform primary or line functions

Examples are:
Patrol, Traffic, investigation; and Vice control
Administrative units – those that perform the administrative functions
Examples are:
Personnel, Finance, Planning; and Training
Service units – those that perform auxiliary functions
Examples are:
communications, records management

Titles of Organizational units and Other Terminology

FUNCTIONAL UNITS - Functional divisions of the department are described in the following
terms:

 Bureau – the largest organic functional unit within a large department. It comprises of
numbers of divisions.
 Division – a primary subdivision of a bureau.
 Section – functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.
 Unit – functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group with in an
organization.

Terminologies

Sworn officers – All personnel of the police department who have oath and who posses power
to arrest .
Superior officer – one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently,
over officers of low rank.
Commanding officer – an officer who is in command of the department, a bureau, a division,
and area or district .
Ranking officer – the officer who has the more senior rank/higher rank in a team or group.
Length of Service - the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was
administered previous active services may be included or added.
On duty - the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of his duty.
Off duty - the nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine duty.
Special Duty - the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer be excused from the
performance of his active regular duty.
Leave of absence - period, which an officer is excused from active duty by any valid/acceptable
reason approved by higher authority.
Sick leave - period which an officer is excused from active duty by reason of illness or injury.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege
of performing his duties as result of violating directives or other department regulations.
Department Rules - rules established by department directors/supervisors to control the
conduct of the members of the police force.
Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defined the duties of officers assigned to
specified post or position.
Order - an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate, either general order, special
or personal
Report - Usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal reports;
verbal reports should be confirmed by written communication.
THE POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

GOALS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

 To prevent crimes;
 To safeguard Constitutional Rights;
 To protect the people and their property from harm and violence ;
 To identify criminals or law violators and apprehend them;
 Provide public services especially on emergency basis.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

 the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions, departments

and functions or work of the organization
 it is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and authorities of individuals
within the organization

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

 Line Structure/ Line Organization

 The Functional Organizational Structure
 Line and Staff Structure

Line Structure/ Line Organization

 The line structure is the oldest, simplest and clearest form of organizational design.
(Military)
 The authority flows from the top to the bottom of the organization in a clear and
unbroken line, creating a set of superior-subordinate relations in a hierarchy commonly
called chain of command
 A primary emphasis is placed upon accountability by close adherence to the chain of
command.

The Functional Organizational Structure

 It divides responsibility and authority between several specialists,

 structure according to functions and specialized units
 depicts staff functions of the organization
 responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority
above
Line and Staff Structure

 It combines staff specialists for units with the line organization so that service of
knowledge can be provided line personnel by specialists such as the criminalists, the
training officer, the research and development specialists, the public relation officer, and
the intelligence specialists.
 a combination of the line and functional kind
 combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments
that service, advise, and support them
 generally more formal in nature and has many departments
 The Philippine National Police follow the line and staff kind of organizational structure.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

 an illustration in the form of a chart which represents the organizational structure

 the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the relationships
that exist between individuals, groups and functional relationships between groups
and individuals clearly defined to ensure accountability and compliance
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

 pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.

 the collective term for professionals who are dedicated to upholding and enforcing
the laws and statutes that are currently in force in a given jurisdiction.

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

 Principle of Unity of Objectives - an organization is effective if it enables the individuals

to contribute to the organization’s objectives.

 Principle of Organizational Efficiency – organization structure is effective if it is

structured in such a way to aid the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives with
a minimum cost.

 Functional Principle – refers to division of work according to type, place, time and
specialization

 Scalar Principle of particular personnel to particular tasks which are highly technical and
require special skills and training

 – shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain of
units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.

 Unity of Command- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding
the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders

 Span of Control- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can

effectively supervise

 Delegation of Authority- conferring of certain specified authority by a superior to

a subordinate

 Specialization- Specialization - grouping of activities and

 segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions.

  Chain of Command- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of
rank or position and authority

 Command Responsibility- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible

for the effective supervision and control of their personnel and unit

 NAPOLCOM MC No. 95-03 – “Institutionalization of the Doctrine of Command

Responsibility at all levels of Command in the PNP

 EO No. 226 - “Institutionalization of the Doctrine of Command Responsibility in

all Government offices

 Line and Staff – implies that a system of varied functions arrange into a workable
pattern. The line organization is responsible for the direct accomplishment of the
objectives while the staff is responsible for support, advisory or facilitative capacity

 Principle of Balance – states that the application of principles must be balanced to

ensure the effectiveness of the structure in meeting organization’s objectives

 Principle of Delegation by Results – states that authority delegated should be

adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected results

 Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility – explains that the responsibility of the

subordinates to their superior for performance is absolute and the superior cannot
escape responsibility for the organization on activities performed by their subordinates.

 Principle of Parity and Responsibility – explains that responsibility for action cannot be
greater than that implied by the authority delegated nor should it be less.

 Authority Level Principle – implies that decisions within the authority of the individual
commander should be made by them and not be returned upward in the organizational
structure.

 Authority Level Principle – implies that decisions within the authority of the individual
commander should be made by them and not be returned upward in the organizational
structure.

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1) AUTHORITY

 the supreme source of government for any particular organization

 the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and position
2) MUTUAL COOPERATION

 an organization exists because it serves a purpose

3) DOCTRINE

 provides for the organization’s objectives

 provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the
organization are based on the statement of doctrines

4) DISCIPLINE

comprising behavioral regulations

PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT

DIVISION OF WORK

 work specialization can increase efficiency with the same amount of effort

AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY

 authority includes the right to command and the power to require obedience

 one cannot have authority without responsibility

DISCIPLINE

 necessary for an organization to function effectively, however, the state of the

disciplinary process depends upon the quality of its leaders

 UNITY OF COMMAND

 subordinates should receive orders from one superior only

 SCALAR CHAIN

 the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of
the organization

 shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain of
units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority
MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS (POSDCRB)

1. PLANNING - refers to the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization
will be attained. (Setting goals or objectives)

2. ORGANIZING - involves the determination and allocation of the men and women as well as
the resource of an organization to achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the
organization. (Division of work/tasks)

3. DIRECTING - involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the
various activities in an organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined
goals or objecti ves of the organization.

4. STAFFING - the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men
for the right job. It involves good selection and processing of reliable and well-trained
personnel.

5. CONTROLLING - involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work performance

and comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making the
necessary corrective actions so that work is accomplished as planned.

6. REPORTING - the making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and
unusual in order to keep everyone informed or what is going on.

7. BUDGETING - the forecasting or estimating in detail of the results of an officially recognized

program of operations based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency.

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

 HOME RULE THEORY

 policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of
their functions upon the express needs of the people

 policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and
security

 It exist in United States, England and Philippines

B. CONTINENTAL THEORY

 policemen are regarded as servants of the higher authorities

  the people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection
with the police organization

 It exist in France, Italy and Spain- countries with a decentralized form of government

CONCEPTS OF POLICE

OLD CONCEPT

 police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery

 this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing
number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to
prevent them from committing crimes

MODERN CONCEPT

• regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of
crime prevention

• police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes

• broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare
of the individual as well as that of the community in general

EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM

A. ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM (600-1006 AD)

Tun Policing System

 A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents
were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and
properties of the people.

 Ten families in a town (tun) equaled a tithing.

 Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman. Since 10 tithings
amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the reeve.

 Both the tithingman and reeve were elected officials.

 They possessed judicial power as well as police authority.

  Hue and Cry - provides for methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the
complainant shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the suspect.

 Trial by Ordeal - A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is
determined by subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience. The
word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei Indicum” which means
“a miraculous decision.”

B. NORMAN PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM (1066-1225 AD)

1. Shire-Reeve

 “Shires” a division of (55) military areas in England under the Regime of France.

 “Reeve” (the head-man) - the military leader (lieutenants of the army) who is in charge
of the Shires.

 Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” was appointed to each village to aid the
Rieve in his duties. It became the source of the word Constable.

 “Shire-Reeve”- it is from the word “Sheriff” came. A person which absolute powers that
no one could questions his or her actions.

2. Travelling Judge - judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judge by the
Shire-Rieve and task to travel through and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of
the division of the police and judicial powers.

3. Leges Henrici - an act that was enacted during this period with the following features:

 Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.

 Policeman becomes public servant

 The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system
called “citizen’s arrest.”

 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.

4. Magna Carta- another law enacted upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table
forcing the King to sign the same with the following features:

 No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned except by legal judgement.

 No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.
5. Frankpledge System - A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male
residents over twelve years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and
protect the lives and properties of the people

C. WESTMINSTER PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM (1285-1500)

 Statute of 1295 - the law that mark the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded
the closing of the gates of London during sundown.

 Justice of the Peace - Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were
given authority to pursue arrest, chastise and imprison violators of law. They handled
felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of city or villages ordinances. This was later
abolished about 75 years later.

 Courts of the Star-Chamber (1487) - a special court designed to try offenders against the
state. The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given great
powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse
of power or brutality on the part of the judges.

 The Merchant Police (1500) - Merchants began employing persons to protect their
property, banks employ guards and night watchmen were hired to watch business
establishments and private detectives were employed to locate and identify stolen
property.

 The Parochial Police - Dividing the people of the cities into religious areas or parishes
and they bond together and employ their own police to protect them and their property.

D. MODERN PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM

 In 1829, Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Act passed by the parliament
of England-the milestone of England’s police force. Sir Robert Peel become famous and
was considered as the Father of Modern Policing System.

Peel’s Concepts of Policing are:

 The police should be organized along military lines.

 The police should be place under screening and training.

 The police should be hired on a probationary basis.

 The police should be deployed by time and by area.

 Police headquarters should be accessible to the people.

 Police-Record keeping is essential.

The Principles of Law Enforcement enunciated by Sir Robert Peel

 Prevention of Crime is the basic mission of the police.

 Police must have the full respect of the citizenry.

 A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the police.

 Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases.

 Police must render impartial enforcement of the law.

 Physical force is used only as a last resort.

 The police are the public and the public are the police.

 The police represent the law.

 The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency.

The Political Era (1840-1930)The police forces were characterized by:

 Authority coming from politicians and the law.

 A broad social service function

 Decentralized organization

 An intimate relationship with the community

 Extensive use of foot patrol

The Reform Era (1930-1980)

The police forces were characterized by:

 Authority coming from the law and professionalism

 Crime control as their primary function

 A centralized and efficient organization

 Emphasis on preventive motorized patrol and rapid response to crime

The Community Era (1980’s-present)

Under this era of policing, police forces are characterized by:

 Authority coming from community support, law and professionalism

 Provision of broad range of police services, including crime control

  Decentralized organization

 An intimate relationship with the community

 Use of problem-solving approach

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The
establishment of the police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention or
peacekeeping, rather it was created as an extension of the colonial military establishment.

A. SPANISH PERIOD

 Carabineros De Seguridad Publica- Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the
regulations of the Department of State; this was armed and considered as the mounted
police.

 Guadrilleros/Cuadrillo- This was a body of rural police organized in each town and
established by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the
able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police
organization for three years

 Guardia Civil- This was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February
1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns.

AMERICAN PERIOD

 The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by General
Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police
Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft Commission. This has
become the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every
January 9th.

 Act No 175 - entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an
Insular Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901

 Capt. Henry Allen- the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901

 Act No. 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901

 Capt. George Curry- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901

 Act No 255 - The act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901
  Executive Order 389- ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four
services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940

POST-AMERICAN PERIOD

 RA 4864- otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on

September 8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM); later POLCOM was
renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

D. MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

 PD 765- otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975;
established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces as components,
under the Ministry of National Defense transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of
the President to the Ministry of National Defense

POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME

 Executive Order No 1012- transferred to the city and municipal government the
operational supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality;
issued on July 10, 1985

 Executive Order No 1040- transferred the administrative control and supervision of the
INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission

 R.A. 157- created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later
reorganized by R.A. 2678

 RA 6975- otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act
of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the
Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College

 RA 8551- otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA
6975

 RA 9708- law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum
educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
system; approved on 12 August 2009

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

 Brig Gen Rafael Crame - the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917
  Col. Antonio Torres- the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in
1935

 Col. Lamberto Javalera- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after
the Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946

 P/Dir Gen. Cesar Nazareno- the first chief of the Philippine National Police

Traditional vs Community Policing

Who are the Police?

Traditional Policy

- A government agency for law enforcement.

Community Policy

- Police are the public and the public are the police.

RA 10973 – an act granting the Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Director
and the Deputy Director for Administration of the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG) the authority to administer oath and to issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum,
amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 6975, as amended, otherwise known as the
“Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990”

- Approved on 01 March 2018

HIGHLIGHTS OF R.A. 6975 AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8551 AND R.A. 9708

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

 formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)

 reorganized under RA 6975

ORGANIZATION:

 consist of:

 the Department proper

 existing bureaus and offices of the DLG

 local government units (LGU)

 provincial governors

 city and municipal mayors

 the National Police Commission

 the Philippine Public Safety College

 Philippine National Police

 Bureau of Fire Protection

 Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

  the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975

 headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall serve at the
pleasure of the President

 the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant
Secretaries

 Undersecretary for Local Government

 Undersecretary for Peace and Order

 No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary

within one (1) year from date of retirement or resignation

 the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)

 under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external
security while the DILG was in charge with internal securitya

 under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now in charge with both internal
and external security with the PNP as support through information gathering and
performance of ordinary police functions

THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

 an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination

 shall exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the PNP

Composition:

 consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex
officio member

 shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment or extension

 three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former
members of the police or military

 the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either
active or retired Provided, That an active member of a law enforcement agency shall be
considered resigned from said agency once appointed to the Commission

 at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman

  from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice
Chairperson shall be chosen

 the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission

Qualifications of the Regular Commissioners

 citizens of the Philippines

 lawyers with at least five (5) years experience in handling criminal or human rights cases;
or

 holders of a master’s degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal

justice, law enforcement and other related disciplines

 Temporary or Permanent Incapacity of the Chairperson.

 In case of absence due to the temporary incapacity of the

chairperson, the Vice chair shall serve as Chairperson until the Chairperson is present or
regains capacity to serve. In case of death or permanent incapacity or disqualification
of the chairperson, the acting chairperson shall also act as such until a new chairperson
shall have been appointed by the President and qualified.

Removal from Office

 The members of the Commission may be removed from office for cause. All vacancies in
the Commission, except through expiration of term, shall be filled up for the unexpired
term only: Provided that any person who shall be appointed in this case shall be eligible
for regular appointment for another full term.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

• organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551 and 9708

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

 a law enforcement agency under the operational control of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government and administrative supervision of the National Police
Commission

 it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character, as provided by

Section 6, Article 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

 “The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope
and civilian in character…”
  headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General, appointed by the
President and who shall serve a term of office of four (4) years

NATIONAL IN SCOPE

 means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers
the entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago

 all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are national government
employees

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER

 means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military
attributes such as discipline

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

 Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;

 Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;

 Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders
to justice and assist in their prosecution;

 Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent laws;

 Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing
the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;

 Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;

 Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for
the purpose of their professions.

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE PNP

 shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs:

 Deputy Chief for Administration

 Deputy Chief for Operations

 the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the President

 no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Chief
  the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices,
district offices, and city or municipal stations

MANNING LEVELS

 Section 27 of R.A. 6975 provides (police-to-population ratio)

 1:500 – nationwide average

 1:1000 – minimum police-to-population ratio

PNP rank classification and its counterpart in the Military

POLICE COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (PCO)

• INSPECTOR TO DIRECTOR GENERAL

• Director General General

• Deputy Dir. General Lieutenant Gen.

• Director Major General

• Chief Supt. Brigadier General

• Senior Supt. Colonel

• Superintendent Lt. Colonel

• Chief Inspector Major

• Senior Inspector Captain

• Inspector Lieutenant

POLICE NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (PNCO)

PO1(Patrolman/woman to SPO4 (Police Executive Master sgt.

SPO4 (PEMS) Master Sergeant SPO3(PCMS)

Technical Sergeant

SPO2 (PSMS) Staff Sergeant

SPO1 (PMS) Sergeant

PO3 (PSS) Corporal

 PO2 (PC) Private 1st Class

PO1 (P) Private

Note:

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are classified above the Senior Police
Officer IV and below the Inspector rank in the PNP.

KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP

 Chief- highest position in the PNP, with the rank of DIRECTOR GENERAL

 Deputy Director General ranks

 DDG for Administration (2nd in Command)

 DDG for Operation (3rd in Command)

 Chief of the Directorial Staff (4th in Command)

 NCR Director – with the rank of Director

 Regional Director -with the rank of Chief Superintendent

 Provincial Director -with the rank of Senior Superintendent

 NCR District Director -with the rank of Chief Superintendent

 Chief of Police – with the rank of Chief Inspector

STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP

 police officers are employees of the national government and shall draw their salaries
from the national budget

 they shall have the same salary grade level as that of public school teachers police
officers assigned in Metro Manila, chartered cities and first class municipalities may be
paid financial incentives by the local government unit concerned subject to availability of
funds

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975, AS AMENDED BY RA

8551 AND RA 9708)

 A citizen of the Philippines;

 A person of good moral conduct;

  purpose of determining physical and mental health; Must have passed the
psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by
any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the

 Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning

 Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission; Must have
passed the board examination given by the Profession Regulation Commission (PRC) or
the NAPOLCOM Police Entrance Examination

 Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed
for cause from any civilian position in the Government;

 Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral
turpitude;

 Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in height for male and
one meter and fifty-seven (1.57 m) for female;

 Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age and sex; and

 For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30)
years of age

 NOTE: Section 30 of R.A. 6975, as amended by section 14 of R.A. 8551, was further
amended by R.A. 9708 “…PNP members who are already in the service upon the
effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses, to be reckoned
from the date of the effectivity of this amendatory Act: Provided, furthermore, That for
concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service and who
have exhibited exemplary performance as determined by the Commission, shall no
longer be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum educational
requirement.”

SPECIFIC QUALIFICATIONS THAT MAY BE WAIVED

 APPOINTMENT UNDER A WAIVER PROGRAM (NAPOLCOM MC No. 2013-004)

 8.1. Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the PNP

 The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived
only when the number of qualified applicants falls below the approved
national/regional quota.
  The Commission en banc may grant age, height and weight waiver. The
NAPOLCOM Regional Director may grant height waiver to a member of an
indigenous group.

 Waiver of the age requirement may be granted provided that the applicant shall
not be less than twenty (20) nor more than thirty five (35) years of age.

 Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to a male applicant, Who is at least 1
meter and 57 cm (1.57m) and to a female applicant who is at least I meter and 52 cm
(1.52m): Provided, that the minimum height requirement for applicants who belong to
indigenous group duly certified by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos
(NCMF), or the National Commission on lnrligenous Peoples (NCIP) shall be 1.52m for
male and 1.45m for female. Provided further, that the Commission shall require said
applicants to submit appropriate proof of their membership in a certain indigenous
group.

 An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given reasonable time not
exceeding six (6) months within which to comply with the said requirement. Failure to
attain the required weight shall cause the termination from the service.

Factors to be considered in the Grant of Waivers

 Possession of special skills in evidence gathering and safekeeping, cyber crime

investigation, detection and prevention, crime scene investigation, martial arts,
marksmanship and similar special skills.

 Special talents in the field of sports, music or arts and culture.

 Extensive experience or training in forensic science and other legal, medical and
technical services.

 Outstanding academic records and extracurricular activities of applicant during his/her

school days, good family background in law enforcement or socio-civic activities,
recognized social standing in the community, awards and commendations received,
which should indicate to the Commission En Banc that the applicant can become a good
member of the Philippine National Police.

Selection Criteria under the waiver program

 Applicants who possess the least disqualifications shall take precedence over
those who possess more disqualifications.

 The requirement shall be waived in the following order: Age, Height, Weight
(AHW)
NOTE:

 Appointment under a waiver program is temporary. PNP members who failed to comply
with the specific requirements shall be dismissed.

 PNP members under the waiver program but is dismissed for failure to comply with the
requirements can RE-APPLY provided he now have the minimum requirements.

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL

 PO1 TO SPO4 – appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel or by the
Chief, PNP for the national headquarters

 INSP. TO SUPT. – appointed by the Chief, PNP

 SR. SUPT TO DDG – appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief, PNP,
subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments

 DIRECTOR GENERAL – appointed by the President from among the senior officers down
to the rank of C/Supt, subject to the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments

KINDS OF APPOINTMENT

 PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for

appointment in the PNP.

 TEMPORARY – Any PNP personnel who is admitted due to the waiver of the educational
or weight requirements. Any member who will fail to satisfy any of the waived
requirements with the specified time periods shall be dismissed from the service.

 Pursuant to NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009, a newly recruited PO1

shall be appointed in temporary status in twelve (12) months pending compliance with
the Field Training Program (FTP) involving actual experience and assignment in
TRAFFIC,INVESTIGATION AND PATROL.

EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY

 The National Police Commission shall administer the entrance and

promotional examinations for police officers on the basis of the standards set by the
Commission (as amended by RA 8551).

 Police Entrance Examination – taken by applicants of the PNP

 Police Promotional Examinations – taken by in-service police officers as part of the

mandatory requirements for promotion

 POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION

  SENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION

 INSPECTOR EXAMINATION

 SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-003

 The appropriate eligibilities for PO1 are those acquired from the following:

 NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination

 R.A. No. 6506 (Licensed Criminologist)

 R.A. No. 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations of baccalaureate degree)

 P.D. 907 (Granting Civil Service Eligibility to College Honor Graduates)

 Civil Service Professional

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-016 (Promotional Examinations)

 -Members of the Bar and Licensed Criminologists whose profession are

relevant to law enforcement and police functions are no longer required to take
promotional examinations up to the rank of Superintendent.

LATERAL ENTRY

 In general, all original appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall

commence with the rank of inspector, to include all those with highly technical
qualifications applying for the PNP technical services (R.A. 6975).

 Inspector Rank:

 Dentists, optometrists, nurses, engineers, graduates of forensic sciences, graduates of

the Philippine National Police Academy and licensed criminologists

 Senior Inspector Rank:

 Chaplains, members of the bar and doctors of medicine

New policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLOCM M.C 2008-006)

 A person with highly technical qualifications such as:

 Dentist, Optometrist, Nurse, Engineer, Graduate of Forensic Science,

Doctor of Medicine, Member of Philippine Bar, Chaplain, Information
Technologist, Pilot, Psychologist
  Graduate of PNPA

 Licensed Criminologist

 Top priority consideration for lateral entry into the rank of Police Inspector shall be given
to top ten (10) placers of the different Licensure Examinations. However, incumbent PNP
members who land in the top ten shall be given first preference over the civilian
provided that the qualifications are satisfied.

PROMOTION

 Promotion is defined as the upward movement from one classification

or rank to another carrying higher benefits and more responsibility. It is the upgrading of
ranks and/or advancement to a position of leadership.

KINDS OF PROMOTION

 REGULAR PROMOTION - promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory

requirements for promotion.

Mandatory Requirements for Promotion

 Educational attainment

 Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:

 Master’s Degree -Chief Superintendent and above

 Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) – Supt to Sr. Supt

 Officers Advance Course (OAC) – Chief Insp.

 Officers Basic Course (OBC) – Sr. Insp.

 Officers Candidate Course (OCC) – SPOIV

 Senior Leadership Course (SLC) – SPOIII to SPOIV

 Junior Leadership Course (JLC) – POIII to SPOI

 Time-in Grade – the number of years required for a police officer to hold a
certain rank before he can be promoted to the next higher rank. The time-in
grade in the PNP is maintained as follows (NAPOLCOM MC # 2011-196):

2 years – from Sr Supt to Chief Supt.

 3 years – from Supt to Sr Supt

5 years – Chief Insp to Supt

5 years – Sr Insp to Chief Insp

4 years – Insp to Sr Insp

3 years – SPO4 to Insp

3 years – SPO3 to SPO4

3 years – SPO2 to SPO3

3 years – SPO1 to SPO2

3 years – PO3 to SPO1

3 year – PO2 to PO3

4 years – PO1 to PO2

 (NAPOLCOM MC # 2013-501):

2 years – from Sr Supt to Chief Supt.

3 years – from Supt to Sr Supt

3 years – Chief Insp to Supt

3 years – Sr Insp to Chief Insp

3 years – Insp to Sr Insp

3 years – SPO4 to Insp

2 years – SPO3 to SPO4

2 years – SPO2 to SPO3

2 years – SPO1 to SPO2

3 years – PO3 to SPO1

2 year – PO2 to PO3

2 years – PO1 to PO2

 Special Promotion – promotion granted to police officers who have exhibited acts of
conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of
duty.
  Conspicuous courage is a courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the
performance of one’s duty.

 ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY (NAPOLCOM Memorandum

Circular No. 2007-003 and PNP Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019)

 A deed of personal bravery and self sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty, so
conspicuous as to distinguish the act clearly over and above his/her comrades in the
performance of more than ordinary hazardous service, such as; but not limited to the
following circumstances:

 Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability as against the

strength of PNP operatives and their firepower capability;

 Infiltration and penetration of the safe houses and hideouts of organized crime
syndicates like kidnapping, illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;

 Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public places such as: malls,

government offices, business establishments and PUVs;

 Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the saving of lives

and properties.

 An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or in the conduct of

rescue/disaster operations resulting in the loss of life (posthumous promotions).

PROMOTION BY VIRTUE OF POSITION (Section 32, R.A. 8551)

 Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is lower than that which
is required for such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same, be
entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the position.

 Provided, that the personnel shall not be reassigned to a position

calling for a higher rank until after two (2) years from the date of such rank adjustment.

PROMOTING AUTHORITIES:

Grade/Rank Promoting Authorities

 Director General (PG) President

 Sr. Supt. to DDG. (PLG) President

 Insp. To Supt. (PL-PLC) Chief, PNP

 PO1 to SPOIV RD/Chief, PNP

ATTRITION SYSTEM

 Attrition- The downsizing of personnel in the PNP on the basis provided by law. A system
of force retirement or separation from the service.

ATTRITION BY ATTAINMENT OF MAXIMUM TENURE

 Those who have reached the prescribed maximum tenure

corresponding to their position shall be retired from the service

 Chief 4 years

 Deputy Chief 4 years

 Director of Staff Services 4 years

 Regional Directors 6 years

 Provincial/District Directors 9 years

 Other positions higher than

Provincial Director 6 years

 CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

 -the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police, located in Quezon City

 -houses the offices of the following:

 1. Chief, PNP

 2. two (2) deputy chiefs

 3. The Chief, Directorial Staff

 4. twelve (12) directorial staff

 5. administrative support units

 6. operational support units

 Administrative Support Units

 1. Logistics Support Service (LSS)

 2. Information Technology Management Service (ITMS)

 3. Finance Service (FS)

 4. Health Service (HS)

  5. Communications and Electronic Service (COMMEL)

 6. Chaplain Service (CS)

 7. Legal Service (LS)

 8. Headquarters Support Service (HSS)

 9. Engineering Service (ES)

 10. Training Service (TS)

 11. Personnel and Retirement Benefits Service (PRBS)

 Operational Support Units

 1. Maritime Group

 2. Intelligence Group

 3. Police Security and Protection Group

 4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group

 5. Special Action Force

 6. Aviation Security Group

 7. Highway Patrol Group

 8. Police Community Relations Group

 9. Civil Security Group

 10. Crime Laboratory

 11. Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)

 12. Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)

POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES

 -the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), each headed by a
Regional Director;

 PRO 1 – 13, NCRPO, CAR, and ARMM

 PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES

 -for every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a Provincial Director
  -in large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed by a District Director

 -at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a Chief of Police

DISTRICT OFFICES

 NCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each headed by a District

Director:

 1. Manila Police District (MPD) (formerly Western Police District)- Manila

 2. Eastern Police District (EPD) – Marikina, Pasig, San Juan and Mandaluyong,

 3. Northern Police District (NPD) – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela

 4. Central Police District (CPD) – Quezon City

 5. Southern Police District (SPD) – Pasay, Makati, Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa,
Taguig and Pateros

 RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE MILITARY

 PNP AFP

 (Commissioned Officer)

 Insignia RANK

 Four Star - Director General General

 Three Star - Deputy Director General Lieutenant General

 Two Star - Director Major General

 One Star - Chief Superintendent Brigadier General

 Three Sun - Senior Superintendent Colonel

 Two Sun - Superintendent Lieutenant Colonel

 One Sun – Chief Inspector Major

 Two Anahaw Leaf – Senior Inspector Captain

One Anahaw Leaf - Inspector Lieutenant

KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP

 Chief – highest position in the PNP, with the rank of Director General.
 Deputy Chief for Administration – the second-in command, with the rank of Deputy
Director General.

 Deputy Chief for Operations – the third-in-command, with the rank of Deputy Director
General

 The Chief Directorial Staff – with the rank of Deputy Director

General

 Head of Directorial Staff – with the rank of Director

 NCR Director – with the rank of DIRECTOR

 Regional Director - with the rank of Chief Superintendent

 Provincial Director - with the rank of Senior

Superintendent

 NCR District Director - with the rank of Chief

Superintendent

 Chief of Police
  STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP

 -police officers are employees of the national government and shall draw their salaries
from the national budget .

 -they shall have the same salary grade level as that of public school teachers, police
officers assigned in Metro Manila, chartered cities and first class municipalities may be
paid financial incentives by the local government unit concerned subject to availability of
funds.

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-003

 The appropriate eligibilities for PO1 are those acquired from the following:

 - NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination

 - R.A. No. 6506 (Licensed Criminologist)

 - R.A. No. 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations of baccalaureate degree)

 - P.D. 907 (Granting Civil Service Eligibility to College Honor Graduates)

 - Career Service Professional

NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-016

 Promotional Examinations.
  -Members of the Bar and Licensed Criminologists whose profession are germane to
law enforcement and police functions are no longer required to take promotional
examinations.

 - Up to the rank of Superintendent.

PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for

appointment in the PNP.

 It is issued to a PO1 after completion of the required PSBRC and the Field Training
Program (FTP). (NAPOLOCM M.C. # 2005-002).

 Field Training Program (FTP) – or on-the-job training is a training program where

a a police officers are required to undergo for twelve (12) months (inclusive of the
PSBRC) involving actual experience and assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation
which is required for permanency in the police service.

A newly recruited PO1 shall be appointed in temporary status in twelve (12) months pending
compliance with the Field Training Program (FTP) involving actual experience and assignment in
patrol, traffic and investigation (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009).

FTP refers to the training required to make the temporary appointment

permanent (Sec. 2, NAPOLCOM M.C. #2008-005).

PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

 - a body created pursuant to RA 6975.

 - one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to handle and investigate
citizen’s complaint.

 - the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the PNP members.

 - shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in every city and

municipality as may be necessary.

 - there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal
police personnel.

 - membership in the PLEB is a civic duty.

COMPOSITION OF PLEB

 composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:

  -any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan.

 -any barangay chairman of the locality concerned.

 -three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order council from among
the members of the community.

 -for the three other members, the following conditions must be met:

 -one must be a woman

 -one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an elementary school

in the locality

 -the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its members

 -the term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARS

DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS

 -formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the National Police

Commission.

 -tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in the PNP

 COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING:

 National Appellate Board

 -shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the PNP Chief and the
National Internal Affairs Service

 -shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners and shall be chaired
by the executive officer

 REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD

 -shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the Regional Director,
Provincial Director, Chief of Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB

 -there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate board per administrative
region

ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES
1. Withholding of privileges

2. Restriction to specified limits

3. Restrictive custody

4. Forfeiture of salary

5. Suspension

6. Any combination of the penalties above (1 to 5)

7. One (1) rank demotion

8. Dismissal from the service