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Collection Highlights

Soft Computing Applications Proceedings of the 8th

International Workshop Soft Computing Applications SOFA
2018 Vol I Valentina Emilia Balas

Soft Computing Applications: Proceedings of the 6th

International Workshop Soft Computing Applications (SOFA
2014), Volume 2 1st Edition Valentina Emilia Balas

Soft Computing Applications: Proceedings of the 7th

International Workshop Soft Computing Applications (SOFA
2016), Volume 2 1st Edition Valentina Emilia Balas

Soft Computing Theories and Applications Proceedings of

SoCTA 2019 Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Millie Pant (Editor)
Data Management Analytics and Innovation Proceedings of
ICDMAI 2018 Volume 2 Valentina Emilia Balas

Soft Computing Theories and Applications Proceedings of

SoCTA 2016 Volume 1 1st Edition Millie Pant

Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soft

Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR 2018) Ana Maria
Madureira

Soft computing evaluation logic the LSP decision method

and its applications Dujmovic

Proceedings of the 18th Online World Conference on Soft

Computing in Industrial Applications (WSC18) Bernadetta
Kwintiana Ane
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1222

Valentina Emilia Balas

Lakhmi C. Jain
Marius Mircea Balas
Shahnaz N. Shahbazova Editors

Soft Computing
Applications
Proceedings of the 8th International
Workshop Soft Computing
Applications (SOFA 2018), Vol. II
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 1222

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,
University of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications
on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent
Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer
and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment,
healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern
intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft comput-
ing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion
of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro-
science, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems,
Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and
adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric
computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics
including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning para-
digms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent
agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust
management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia.
The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are
primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They
cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and
applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short
publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad
dissemination of research results.
** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings,
EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Valentina Emilia Balas
•

Lakhmi C. Jain Marius Mircea Balas

• •

Shahnaz N. Shahbazova
Editors

Soft Computing Applications

Proceedings of the 8th International
Workshop Soft Computing Applications
(SOFA 2018), Vol. II

123
Editors
Valentina Emilia Balas Lakhmi C. Jain
“Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
Arad, Romania University of Technology Sydney,
Centre for Artificial Intelligence
Marius Mircea Balas Sydney, Australia
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Science
“Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad
Liverpool Hope University
Arad, Arad, Romania
Liverpool, UK
KES International
Shoreham-by-Sea, UK

Shahnaz N. Shahbazova
Department of Information Technology
and Programming
Azerbaijan Technical University
Baku, Azerbaijan

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
ISBN 978-3-030-52189-9 ISBN 978-3-030-52190-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52190-5
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface

These two volumes constitute the Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on
Soft Computing Applications, or SOFA 2018, held on September 13–15, 2018, in
Arad, Romania. This edition was organized by Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad,
Romania, in conjunction with Institute of Computer Science, Iasi Branch of the
Romanian Academy, IEEE Romanian Section, Romanian Society of Control
Engineering and Technical Informatics (SRAIT)-Arad Section, General Association
of Engineers in Romania-Arad Section and BTM Resources Arad.
Soft computing concept was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1991 and serves to
highlight the emergence of computing methodologies in which the accent is on
exploiting the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability,
robustness and low solution cost. Soft computing facilitates the use of fuzzy logic,
neurocomputing, evolutionary computing and probabilistic computing in combi-
nation, leading to the concept of hybrid intelligent systems.
Combining of such intelligent systems tools and a large number of applications
can show the great potential of soft computing in all domains.
The volumes cover a broad spectrum of soft computing techniques, and theo-
retical and practical applications find solutions for industrial world, economic and
medical problems.
The conference papers included in these proceedings, published post conference,
were grouped into the following area of research:
• Soft computing and conventional techniques in power engineering methods and
applications in electrical engineering
• Modeling, Algorithms. Optimization, reliability and applications
• Machine learning, NLP and applications
• Business process management
• Knowledge-based technologies for Web applications, cloud computing, security
algorithms and computer networks, smart city
• Fuzzy applications, theory, expert systems, fuzzy and control
• Biomedical applications
• Image, text and signal processing

v
vi Preface

• Computational intelligence techniques, machine learning and optimization

methods in recent applications
• Methods and applications in engineering and games
• Wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, IoT
In SOFA 2018, we had five eminent keynote speakers: Professor Michio Sugeno
(Japan), Professor Oscar Castillo (Mexico), Academician Florin G. Filip
(Romania), Professor Valeriu Beiu (Romania) and Professor Jeng-Shyang Pan
(China). Their summary talks are included in this book.
We especially thank the honorary chair of SOFA 2018, Prof. Michio Sugeno,
who encouraged and motivated us, like to all the other SOFA editions.
A special keynote was presented by Professor Shahnaz Shahbazova
(Azerbaijan)–“In memoriam Lotfi A. Zadeh”, dedicated to the renowned founder of
fuzzy set theory and in the same time the honorary chair of SOFA conferences, who
passed away in September 2017. In fact, the whole conference was dedicated to the
memory of Professor Zadeh. We all remembered in our presentations and discus-
sions his great personality and how he influenced our lives.
We are thankful to all the authors who have submitted papers for keeping the
quality of the SOFA 2018 conference at high levels. The editors of this book would
like to acknowledge all the authors for their contributions and the reviewers. We
have received an invaluable help from the members of the International Program
Committee and the Chairs responsible for different aspects of the workshop. We
also appreciate the role of special sessions' organizers. Thanks to all of them we had
been able to collect many papers of interesting topics, and during the workshop, we
had remarkably interesting presentations and stimulating discussions.
For their help with organizational issues of all SOFA editions, we express our
thanks to TRIVENT Company, Mónika Jetzin and Teodora Artimon for having
customized the Software Conference Manager, registration of conference partici-
pants and all local arrangements.
Our special thanks go to Janus Kacprzyk (Editor-in-Chief, Springer, Advances
in Intelligent Systems and Computing Series) for the opportunity to organize this
guest edited volume.
We are grateful to Springer, especially to Dr. Thomas Ditzinger (Senior Editor,
Applied Sciences & Engineering Springer-Verlag), for the excellent collaboration,
patience and help during the evolvement of this volume.
We hope that the volumes will provide useful information to professors,
researchers and graduated students in the area of soft computing techniques and
applications, and all will find this collection of papers inspiring, informative and
useful. We also hope to see you at a future SOFA event.

Valentina Emilia Balas

Lakhmi C. Jain
Marius Mircea Balas
Shahnaz N. Shahbazova
Invited Speakers
DSS, Classifications, Trends and Enabling
Modern Information and Communication
Technologies

Florin Gheorghe Filip

The Romanian Academy and INCE

ffi[email protected]

Abstract. A decision support system (DSS) can be defined as an anthropocentric

and evolving information system which is meant to implement the functions of a
human support system that would otherwise be necessary to help the
decision-maker to overcome his/her limits and constraints he/she may encounter
when trying to solve complex and complicated decision problems that count (Filip,
2008). The purpose of the talk is to present the impact of modern Information and
Communication Technologies (I&CT) on DSS domain with emphasis on the sys-
tems that support collaborative decision-making activities. Consequently, the talk is
composed of three parts as it follows. In the first part, several basic aspects con-
cerning decisions and decision makers are reviewed in the context of modern
business models and process and management automation solutions, including
Intelligent Process Automation (IPA), which is meant to liberate the human of
“robot-type” operations. The evolution of models of human–automation device
systems, from “either/or automation” to “shared and cooperative” control solutions
(Flemisch et al. 2012), receives particular attention together with the explanation of
causes for wrong decisions (Power, Mitra, 2016). The second part of the talk
addresses several aspects concerning the DSS domain such as basic concepts,
classifications and evolutions. Several classifications made in accordance with
attributes such as purpose, dominant technology, number of users and real-time
usage in crisis situations are presented. Collaborative systems (Nof, 2017; Filip at
all, 2017) and “mixt knowledge” (Filip, 2008) solutions are described in detail. In
the third part of the talk, several I&C technologies, such as big data (Shi, 2015),
cloud and mobile computing, and cognitive systems (High, 2012; Tecuci et al.
2016), are presented as viewed from the perspective of their relevance to modern
computer-supported collaborative decision making. Two application examples are
presented with a view to illustrating the usage of big data, and cloud computing and
service-oriented architectures, respectively. A list of concerns and open problems
regarding the impact of new I&C technologies on human being’s personal and
professional life is eventually evoked. Selected References Filip F.G.
(2008) Decision support and control for large-scale systems. Annual Reviews in
Control, 32(1), p. 62–70. Filip F G, Zamfirescu C B, Ciurea C (2017) Computer

ix
x F. G. Filip

Supported Collaborative Decision-Making. Springer Flemisch F, Heesen M,

Hesse T. et al. (2012) Towards a dynamic balance between humans and automa-
tion: authority, ability, responsibility and control in shared and cooperative control
situations. Cognition, Technology & Work,14(1), p. 3–8.
High R (2012) The Era of Cognitive Systems: An Inside Look at IBM Watson
and How It Works Nof S Y (2017) Collaborative control theory and decision
support systems. Computer Science Journal of Moldova, 25 (2), 15–144 Power D J,
Mitra A (2016) Reducing “Bad” Strategic Business Decisions. Drake Management
Review, 5 (1/2), p. 15–21Shi (2015) Challenges to Engineering Management in the
Big Data Era. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 293–303 TecuciG, Marcu D,
Boicu M, Schum DA (2016) Knowledge Engineering: Building Cognitive
Assistants for Evidence-based Reasoning. Cambridge University Press.

Brief Bio Sketch: Florin Gheorghe Filip was born on

July 25, 1947. He became corresponding member
of the Romanian Academy (in 1991, when he was only
44 years old), and at 52 years old (1999) becomes full
member in the highest cultural and scientific forum of
Romania. For 10 years, during 2000–2010, he was
Vice president of the Romanian Academy (the
National Academy of Sciences) and in 2010, he was
elected President of the 14th Section “Information
Science and Technology” of the Academy (re-elected
in 2015). He was the managing director of National
Institute for R&D in Informatics-ICI (1991–1997). He
Florin Gheorghe Filip has been a part-time researcher and member of the
Scientific Council of INCE (the Nat. Institute for
Economic Researches) of the Academy since 2004.
His main scientific interests are optimization and
control of complex systems, decision support systems,
technology management and foresight, and IT appli-
cations in the cultural sector. He authored/coauthored
over 300 papers published in international journals
(IFAC J Automatica, IFAC J Control Engineering
Practice, Annual Reviews in Control, Computers in
Industry, System Analysis Modeling Simulation, Large
Scale Systems, Technological and Economical
Development of Economy and so on) and contributed
volumes printed by international publishing houses
(Pergamon Press, North Holland, Elsevier, Kluwer,
Chapmann & Hall, etc). He is also the author/coauthor
of thirteen monographs (published by Editura Tehnica,
DSS, Classifications, Trends and Enabling Modern Information xi

Bucuresti, Hermes-Lavoisier Paris, J. Wiley & Sons,

London, Springer) and editor/coeditor of 25 volumes
of contributions (published by Editura Academiei
Romane, Elsevier Science, Institute of Physics.
Melville, USA, IEEE Computer Society, Los
Alamitos, USA). He was an IPC member of more than
50 international conferences held in Europe, USA,
South America, Asia and Africa and gave plenary
papers at scientific conferences held in Brazil, Chile,
China, France, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal,
Republic of Moldova, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia and UK.
F.G Filip was the chairman of IFAC (International
Federation of Automatic Control) Technical
Committee “Large Scale Complex Systems” (1991–
1997). He is Founder and Editor-in-Chief of Studies in
Informatics and Control journal (1991), cofounder and
Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Computers
Communications & Control (2006). He has received
Doctor Honoris Causa title from “Lucian Blaga”
University of Sibiu (2000), “Valahia” University,
Targoviste (2007), “Ovidius“ University, Constanta
(2007), Ecolle Centrale de Lille (France) (2007),
Technical University “Traian Vuia.” Timisoara (2009),
“Agora” University of Oradea (2012), Academy of
Economic Studies, Bucharest (2014), University of
Pitesti (2017), and “Petrol-Gaz “University of Ploiesti
(2017). He is a honorary member of the Academy of
Sciences of Republic of Moldova (2007) and
Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (2007).
More details can be found at: http://www.
academiaromana.ro/sectii/sectia14_informatica/sti_
FFilip.htm and http://univagora.ro/jour/index.php/
ijccc/article/view/2960/1125.
Distorted Statistics based on Choquet Calculus

Michio Sugeno

Tokyo Institute of Technology

[email protected]

Abstract. In this study, we discuss statistics with distorted probabilities by applying

Choquet calculus which we call “distorted statistics.” To deal with distorted
statistics, we consider distorted probability space on the non-negative real line.
A (non-additive) distorted probability is derived from an ordinary additive proba-
bility by the monotone transformation with a generator. First, we explore some
properties of Choquet integrals of non-negative, continuous and differentiable
functions with respect to distorted probabilities. Next, we calculate elementary
statistics such as the distorted mean and variance of a random variable for expo-
nential and Gamma distributions. In addition, we introduce the concept of density
function for distorted exponential distribution. Further, we deal with Choquet
calculus of real-valued functions on the real line and explore their basic properties.
Then, we consider distorted probability pace on the real line. We also calculate
elementary distorted statistics for uniform and normal distributions. Finally, we
compare distorted statistics with conventional skew statistics.

Biography: After graduating from the Department of

Physics, the University of Tokyo, he worked at a
company for three years. Then, he served the Tokyo
Institute of Technology as Research Associate,
Associate Professor and Professor from 1965 to 2000.
After retiring from the Tokyo Institute of Technology,
he worked as Laboratory Head at the Brain Science
Institute, RIKEN from 2000 to 2005 and then as
Distinguished Visiting Professor at Doshisha
University from 2005 to 2010. Finally, he worked as
Emeritus Researcher at the European Centre for Soft
Computing in Spain from 2010 to 2015. He is Emeritus
Michio Sugeno Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He was

xiii
xiv M. Sugeno

President of the Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and

Systems from 1991 to 1993, and also President of the
International Fuzzy Systems Association from 1997 to
1999. He is the first recipient of the IEEE Pioneer
Award in Fuzzy Systems with Zadeh in 2000. He also
received the 2010 IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award and
Kampéde Feriét Award in 2012.
Overview of QUasi-Affine TRansformation
Evolutionary (QUATRE) Algorithm

Jeng-Shyang Pan

Fujian University of Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology

[email protected]

Abstract. QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolutionary (QUATRE) algorithm is a

swarm-based algorithm and uses quasi-affine transformation approach for evolu-
tion. This talk discusses the relation between QUATRE algorithm and other kinds
of swarm-based algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO) variants
and differential evolution (DE) variants. Several QUATRE variants are described in
this talk. Comparisons and contrasts are made among the proposed QUATRE
algorithm, state-of-the-art PSO variants and DE variants under several test func-
tions. Experimental results show that the usefulness of the QUATRE algorithm is
not only on real-parameter optimization but also on large-scale optimization.
Especially QUATRE algorithm can reduce the time complexity and has the
excellent performance not only on uni-modal functions, but also on multi-modal
functions even on higher-dimensional optimization problems.

Biography: Jeng-Shyang Pan, Assistant President,

Fujian University of Technology Professor, Harbin
Institute of Technology Jeng-Shyang Pan, received the
B.S. degree in Electronic Engineering from the
National Taiwan University of Science and
Technology in 1986, the M.S. degree in
Communication Engineering from the National Chiao
Tung University, Taiwan in 1988, and the PhD degree
in Electrical Engineering from the University of
Edinburgh, UK, in 1996. Currently, he is Assistant
President and Dean of the College of Information
Science and Engineering in Fujian University of
Jeng-Shyang Pan Technology. He is also Professor in the Harbin
Institute of Technology. He has published more than
600 papers in which 250 papers are indexed by SCI,

xv
xvi J.-S. Pan

the H-Index is 41, and the total cited times are more
than 7900. He is IET Fellow, UK, and has been Vice
Chair of IEEE Tainan Section. He was awarded Gold
Prize in the International Micro Mechanisms Contest
held in Tokyo, Japan, in 2010. He was also awarded
Gold Medal in the Pittsburgh Invention & New
Product Exposition (INPEX) in 2010; Gold Medal in
the International Exhibition of Geneva Inventions in
2011; and Gold Medal of the IENA, International
“Ideas–Inventions–New products”, Nuremberg,
Germany. He was offered Thousand Talent Program in
China in 2010. He is on the editorial board of Journal
of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal
Processing, and Chinese Journal of Electronics. His
current research interests include soft computing, robot
vision and big data mining.
Nature-Inspired Optimization of Type-2 Fuzzy
Logic Controllers

Oscar Castillo

Tijuana Institute of Technology Tijuana, Mexico

[email protected]

Abstract. The design of type-2 fuzzy logic systems is a complex task, and in
general, achieving an optimal configuration of structure and parameters is
time-consuming and rarely found in practice. For this reason, the use of
nature-inspired meta-heuristics offers a good hybrid solution to find near-optimal
designs of type-2 fuzzy logic systems in real-world applications. Type-2 fuzzy
control offers a real challenge because the problems in this area require very effi-
cient and accurate solutions; in particular, this is the case for robotic applications. In
this talk, we present a general scheme for optimizing type-2 fuzzy controllers with
nature-inspired optimization techniques, like ant colony optimization, the chemical
reaction algorithm, bee colony optimization and others.

Biography: Oscar Castillo holds the Doctor in Science

degree (Doctor Habilitatus) in Computer Science from
the Polish Academy of Sciences (with the Dissertation
“Soft Computing and Fractal Theory for Intelligent
Manufacturing”). He is Professor of computer science
in the Graduate Division, Tijuana Institute of
Technology, Tijuana, Mexico. In addition, he is serv-
ing as Research Director of Computer Science and
Head of the research group on Hybrid Fuzzy Intelligent
Systems. Currently, he is President of HAFSA
(Hispanic American Fuzzy Systems Association) and
Past President of IFSA (International Fuzzy Systems
Oscar Castillo Association). Prof. Castillo is also Chair of the
Mexican Chapter of the Computational Intelligence
Society (IEEE). He also belongs to the Technical
Committee on Fuzzy Systems of IEEE and to the Task
Force on “Extensions to Type-1 Fuzzy Systems.” He is

xvii
xviii O. Castillo

also a member of NAFIPS, IFSA and IEEE. He

belongs to the Mexican Research System (SNI Level
3). His research interests are in type-2 fuzzy logic,
fuzzy control, neuro-fuzzy and genetic-fuzzy hybrid
approaches. He has published over 300 journal papers,
7 authored books, 30 edited books, 200 papers in
conference proceedings and more than 300 chapters in
edited books, in total more 740 publications according
to Scopus and more than 840 according to Research
Gate. He has been Guest Editor of several successful
special issues in the past, like in the following journals:
Applied Soft Computing, Intelligent Systems,
Information Sciences, Non-Linear Studies, Fuzzy Sets
and Systems, JAMRIS and Engineering Letters. He is
currently Associate Editor of the Information Sciences
Journal, Applied Soft Computing Journal, Granular
Computing Journal and the IEEE Transactions on
Fuzzy Systems. Finally, he has been elected IFSA
Fellow and MICAI Fellow member last year. He has
been recognized as Highly Cited Researcher in 2017
by Clarivate Analytics because of having multiple
highly cited papers in Web of Science.
Seeing Is Believing

“It is very easy to answer many of these fundamental biological questions; you just
look at the thing!” Richard P. Feynman, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom,”
Caltech, December 29, 1959

Valeriu Beiu

Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania

[email protected]

Abstract. This presentation is geared toward the latest developments in imaging

platforms that are able to tackle biological samples. Visualizing living cells, single
molecules and even atoms are crucially important, but unfortunately excruciatingly
difficult. Still, recent progress reveals that a wide variety of novel imaging tech-
niques have reached maturity. We will recap here the principles behind techniques
that allow imaging beyond the diffraction limit and highlight both historical and
fresh advances in the field of neuroscience (as a result of such imaging technolo-
gies). As an example, single-particle tracking is one of several tools able to study
single molecules inside cells and reveal the dynamics of biological processes (re-
ceptor trafficking, signaling and cargo transport).
Historically, the first venture outside classical optics was represented by X-ray
and electron-based techniques. Out of these, electron microscopy allows higher
resolution by far. In time, this has diverged into transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reflection electron microscopy
(REM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), while lately these
have started to merge with digital holography (scanning transmission electron
holography, atomic-resolution holography and low-energy electron holography).
Electron microscopy allows resolutions down to 40pm, while it is not trivial to use
such techniques on biological samples. The second departure from classical optics
was represented by scanning probe techniques like atomic force microscope
(AFM), scanning tunneling microscope (STM), photonic force microscope
(PFM) and recurrence tracking microscope (RTM). All of these rely on the physical
contact of a solid probe tip which scans the surface of an object (which is supposed
to be quite flat). The third attempt has come full circle and is represented by
super-resolution microscopy which won the Nobel Prize in 2014.

xix
xx V. Beiu

The presentation will start from basic princi-

ples, emphasizing the advantages and disad-
vantages of different bio-imaging techniques.
The development of super-resolution micro-
scopy techniques in the 1990’s and 2000’s
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-
resolution_microscopy) has allowed researchers
to image fluorescent molecules at unprece-
dentedly small scales. This significant boost
was properly acknowledged by replacing the
term “microscopy” with “nanoscopy” which
was coined by Stefan Walter Hell in 2007. It
distinguishes novel diffraction-unlimited techniques from conventional approaches,
e.g., confocal or wide-field microscopy. An incomplete list includes (among oth-
ers): binding-activated localization microscopy (BALM), cryogenic optical local-
ization in 3D (COLD), fluctuation-assisted BALM (fBALM), fluorescence
photo-activation localization microscopy (FPALM), ground-state depletion micro-
scopy (GSDIM), Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), photo-activated
localization microscopy (PALM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM),
including both linear and nonlinear, stimulated emission depletion (STED),
stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), single molecule localiza-
tion microscopy (SMLM), scanning near-field microscopy (SNOM) and total
internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). Obviously, with such improvements in
resolving power, new avenues for studying synapses and neurons more generally
are being opened, and a few of the latest experiments that highlight unique capa-
bilities will be enumerated, briefly reviewed and compared.

Biography: VALERIU BEIU (S’92–M’95–SM’96)

received the MSc in computer engineering from the
University “Politehnica” Bucharest in 1980, and the
PhD summa cum laude in electrical engineering from
the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in 1994. Since
graduating in 1980, he has been with the Research
Institute for Computer Techniques, University
“Politehnica” Bucharest, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, King’s College London, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Rose Research, Washington State
University, United Arab Emirates University, and
currently is with “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad.
Valeriu Beiu His research interests have constantly been on
biological-inspired nano-circuits and brain-inspired
nano-architectures for VLSI-efficient designs
Seeing Is Believing xxi

(ultra-low power and highly reliable), being funded at

over US$ 51M. On such topics, he gave over 200
invited talks, organized over 120 conferences, chaired
over 60 sessions, has edited two books and has
authored over 230 journal/conference articles (30
invited), as well as 8 chapters and 11 patents. Dr. Beiu
has received five fellowships and seven best paper
awards, and is a senior member of the IEEE as well as
a member of: ACM, INNS, ENNS and MCFA. He was
a member of the SRC-NNI Working Group on Novel
Nano-architectures, the IEEE CS Task Force on
Nano-architectures and the IEEE Emerging
Technologies Group on Nanoscale Communications,
and has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE
Transactions on Neural Networks (2005–2008), of the
IEEE Transactions for Very Large Scale Integration
Systems (2011–2015) and of the Nano Communication
Networks (2010–2015).
Contents

Biomedical Applications
An Overview on Computer Processing for Endoscopy
and Colonoscopy Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mihaela Luca, Tudor Barbu, and Adrian Ciobanu
Fuzzy System for Classification of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Profile
and Its Optimization with the Crow Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Ivette Miramontes, Patricia Melin, and German Prado-Arechiga
A Survey of Modern Gene Expression Based Techniques
for Cancer Detection and Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Hafiz ur Rahman, Muhammad Arif, Sadam Al-Azani, Emad Ramadan,
Guojun Wang, Jianer Chen, Teodora Olariu, and Iustin Olariu
Recognition of Skin Diseases Using Curvelet Transforms and Law’s
Texture Energy Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Jyotismita Chaki, Nilanjan Dey, V. Rajinikanth, Amira S. Ashour,
and Fuqian Shi

Fuzzy Applications, Theory, Expert Systems and Fuzzy

and Control
Intelligent Roof-Top Greenhouse Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Marius Mircea Balas, Mihaela Popa, Emanuela Valentina Muller,
Daniel Alexuta, and Luana Muresan
Human-Plant Symbiosis by Integrated Roof-Top Greenhouses . . . . . . . 76
Marius M. Balas, Ramona Lile, Lucian Copolovici, Anca Dicu,
and Kristijan Cincar

xxiii
xxiv Contents

Fuzzy Scoring Theory Applied to Team-Peer Assessment:

Additive vs. Multiplicative Scoring Models on the Signed
or Unsigned Unit Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Paul Hubert Vossen and Suraj Ajit
On Image Compression for Mobile Robots Using Feed-Forward
Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Viorel Nicolau and Mihaela Andrei

Image, Text and Signal Processing

LeapGestureDB: A Public Leap Motion Database Applied
for Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition in Surgical Procedures . . . . . . 125
Safa Ameur, Anouar Ben Khalifa, and Med Salim Bouhlel
Experiments on Phonetic Transcription of Audio Vowels . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Ioan Păvăloi and Anca Ignat
Experiments on Iris Recognition Using Partially Occluded Images . . . . 153
Ioan Păvăloi and Anca Ignat
Feature Extraction Techniques for Hyperspectral Images
Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Asma Fejjari, Karim Saheb Ettabaa, and Ouajdi Korbaa
Multi-neural Networks Object Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Nicolas Park, Daniela López De Luise, Daniel Rivera,
Leonardo M. Bustamante, Jude Hemanth, Teodora Olariu,
and Iustin Olariu
Development of a Testbed for Automatic Target Recognition
and Object Change Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Gangavarapu Vigneswara Ihita and Vijay Rao Duddu
Comparative Analysis of Various Image Splicing Algorithms . . . . . . . . 211
Hafiz ur Rhhman, Muhammad Arif, Anwar Ullah, Sadam Al-Azani,
Valentina Emilia Balas, Oana Geman, Muhammad Jalal Khan,
and Umar Islam
Classification of Plants Leave Using Image Processing
and Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Hashem Bagherinezhad, Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani,
Valentina Emilia Balas, and Ioan E. Koles
Contents xxv

Computational Intelligence Techniques, Machine Learning and

Optimization Methods in Recent Applications
A Comparative Study of Audio Encryption Analysis Using Dynamic
AES and Standard AES Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Amandeep Singh, Praveen Agarwal, and Mehar Chand
Feasibility Study of CSP Tower with Receiver Installed at Base . . . . . . 250
Chirag Rawat, Sarth Dubey, Dipankar Deb, and Ajit Kumar Parwani
Bi-Level Optimization Using Improved Bacteria Foraging
Optimization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Gautam Mahapatra, Soumya Banerjee, and Ranjan Chattaraj
Cubic Hesitant Fuzzy Heronian Mean Operators and Their
Application in Multi Criteria Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Faisal Mehmood, Khizar Hayat, Tahir Mahmood, and Muhammad Arif
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Regression and ARIMA Models
for Prediction of Gram Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Shafqat Iqbal, Chongqi Zhang, Muhammad Arif, Yining Wang,
and Anca Mihaela Dicu
Identification of Spatial Relationships in Arabic Handwritten
Expressions Using Multiple Fusion Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Ibtissem Hadj Ali and Mohamed Ali Mahjoub
Information Retrieval in Restricted Domain for ChatterBots . . . . . . . . . 312
Daniela López De Luise, Andrés Pascal, Claudia Alvarez,
Marcos Tournoud, Carlos Pankrac, and Juan Manuel Santa Cruz
Application of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Power Maclaurin
Symmetric Mean Operators in MADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Qaisar Khan, Tahir Mahmood, Khizar Hayat, Muhammad Arif,
Valentina Emilia Balas, and Oana Geman

Methods and Applications in Engineering and Games

PI Plus Feed-Forward Control of Water Submersible Pump Specially
Used in Ground Water Shortage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Anil Gojiya, Ravi Patel, and Dipankar Deb
Slip Effects on Fe3O4-Nanoparticles in a Nanofluid Past a Nonlinear
Stretching Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Anwar Shahid, Zhan Zhou, Muhammad Mubashir Bhatti,
Muhammad Arif, and Muhammad Faizan Khan
xxvi Contents

A Learners Experience with the Games Education

in Software Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Muhammad Imran Tariq, Jorge Diaz-Martinez, Shariq Aziz Butt,
Muhammad Adeel, Emiro De-la-Hoz-Franco, and Anca Mihaela Dicu

Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, IoT

An Anomaly Detection System Based on Clustering and Fuzzy Set
Theory in VANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani, Hamideh Fatemidokht,
Valentina Emilia Balas, and Ranbir Singh Batth
A Framework for Artificial Intelligence Assisted Smart Agriculture
Utilizing LoRaWAN Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Ala’ Khalifeh, Abdullah AlQammaz, Khalid A. Darabkh,
Bashar Abu Sha’ar, and Omar Ghatasheh
Multi-task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Self-adaptive
Hybrid ICA–PSO Algorithm in Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Hamed Tabrizchi, Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani, and Valentina Emilia Balas
Fuzzy Graph Modelling of Anonymous Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Vasisht Duddu, Debasis Samanta, and D. Vijay Rao
A Backstepping Direct Power Control of Three Phase Pulse Width
Modulated Rectifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Arezki Fekik, Ahmad Taher Azar, Hakim Denoun, Nashwa Ahmad Kamal,
Mohamed Lamine Hamida, Dyhia Kais, and Karima Amara
Portable Non-invasive Device for Measuring Saturated Oxygen
of the Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Oana Geman, Iuliana Chiuchisan, Valentina Balas, Guojun Wang,
Muhammad Arif, Haroon Elahi, and Peng Tao
“Smart” Footwear for the Visually-Impaired People Based
on Arduino Platform and Ultrasonic Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Iuliana Chiuchisan, Oana Geman, Valentina Balas, Guojun Wang,
Muhammad Arif, Haroon Elahi, and Peng Tao
Gain Time Based Optimization of Small Platforms for IoT Solutions:
A Case of 8-Bit AVR Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Hamza Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem Shehzad,
and Muhammad Naeem Awais

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Short CVs of Guest Editors

Valentina Emili Balas is currently Full Professor in

the Department of Automatics and Applied Software at
the Faculty of Engineering, “Aurel Vlaicu” University
of Arad, Romania.
She holds a PhD in applied electronics and
telecommunications from Polytechnic University of
Timisoara. Dr. Balas is author of more than 300
research papers in refereed journals and international
conferences. Her research interests are in intelligent
systems, fuzzy control, soft computing, smart sensors,
information fusion, modeling and simulation.
She is the Editor-in-Chief to International Journal of
Advanced Intelligence Paradigms (IJAIP) and to
International Journal of Computational Systems
Engineering (IJCSysE), member in Editorial Board
member of several national and international journals
and is evaluator expert for national, international pro-
jects and PhD thesis.
Dr. Balas is Director of Intelligent Systems
Research Centre in Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad
and Director of the Department of International
Relations, Programs and Projects in the same
university.
She served as General Chair of the International
Workshop Soft Computing and Applications (SOFA)
in eight editions 2005-2020 held in Romania and
Hungary.
Dr. Balas participated in many international con-
ferences as Organizer, Honorary Chair, Session Chair
and member in Steering, Advisory or International
Program Committees.

xxvii
xxviii Short CVs of Guest Editors

She is a member of EUSFLAT, SIAM and Senior

Member IEEE, member in Technical Committee–
Fuzzy Systems (IEEE CIS), chair of the Task Force 14
in Technical Committee–Emergent Technologies
(IEEE CIS), member in Technical Committee–Soft
Computing (IEEE SMCS).
Dr. Balas was past Vice-President (Awards) of
IFSA International Fuzzy Systems Association
Council (2013-2015) and is a Joint Secretary of the
Governing Council of Forum for Interdisciplinary
Mathematics (FIM)-A Multidisciplinary Academic
Body, India.

Professor Valentina Emili Balas, PhD

Faculty of Engineering
Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad
B-dul Revolutiei 77
310130 Arad, Romania
[email protected]

Lakhmi C. Jain, BE(Hons), ME, PhD, Fellow

(Engineers Australia), served as Visiting Professor in
Bournemouth University, UK, until July 2018 and
presently serving the University of Technology
Sydney, Australia, and Liverpool Hope University,
UK.
Dr. Jain founded the KES International for provid-
ing a professional community the opportunities for
publications, knowledge exchange, cooperation and
teaming. Involving around 5,000 researchers drawn
from universities and companies worldwide, KES
facilitates international cooperation and generate syn-
ergy in teaching and research. KES regularly provides
networking opportunities for professional community
through one of the largest conferences of its kind in the
area of KES.
http://www.kesinternational.org/organisation.php
His interests focus on the artificial intelligence
paradigms and their applications in complex systems,
security, e-education, e-healthcare, unmanned air
vehicles and intelligent systems design.
Short CVs of Guest Editors xxix

Professor Lakhmi C. Jain

PhD|ME|BE (Hons)| Fellow (Engineers Aust),
Founder KES International | http://www.
kesinternational.org/organisation.php
Visiting Professor | Liverpool Hope University, UK
University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Email – [email protected]
Email – [email protected]

Professor Lakhmi C. Jain, PhD

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
Centre for Artificial Intelligence
University of Technology Sydney
Broadway, NSW 2007
Australia
[email protected]

and

Faculty of Science
Liverpool Hope University
Hope Park
Liverpool, L16 9JD
UK
[email protected]

and

KES International
PO Box 2115
Shoreham-by-Sea, BN43 9AF
UK
[email protected]

Marius Mircea Balas is currently Full Professor in

the Department of Automatics and Applied Software at
the Faculty of Engineering, University “Aurel Vlaicu”
Arad (Romania). He holds Doctorate in Applied
Electronics and Telecommunications from the
Politehnica University of Timisoara. Dr. Balas is an
IEEE Senior Member.
xxx Short CVs of Guest Editors

He is the author of more than 150 papers in journals

and conference proceedings and 7 invention patents.
His research interests are in intelligent and fuzzy sys-
tems, soft computing, electronic circuits, modeling and
simulation, adaptive control and intelligent
transportation.
The main original concepts introduced by Prof.
Marius M. Balas are: the fuzzy-interpolative systems,
the passive green-house, the constant time to collision
optimization of the traffic, the imposed distance brak-
ing, the internal model bronze casting, PWM inverter
for railway coaches in tropical environments, the
rejection of the switching controllers effect by phase
trajectory analysis, the Fermat neuron, etc. He has been
mentor for many student research teams and chal-
lenges, awarded by Microsoft Imagine Cup, GDF
Suez, etc.

Professor Marius Mircea Balas, PhD

Faculty of Engineering
Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad
B-dul Revolutiei 77
310130 Arad, Romania
[email protected]

Shahnaz N. Shahbazova received her Candidate of

Technical Sciences degree in 1995 and has been
Associate Professor since 1996. She has served for
more than 34 years at the “Information Technology
and Programming” Department of Azerbaijan
Technical University. She is an academician of the
International Academy of Sciences named after
Lotfi A. Zadeh, 2002 and Vice-President of the same
academy, 2014. Since 2011, she has served as General
Chair and Organizer of World Conference on Soft
Computing (WCSC), dedicated to preserving and
advancing the scientific heritage of Professor Lotfi A.
Zadeh. She is Honorary Professor of Obuda
University, Hungary and Arad University in Romania,
Honorary Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
Sciences, International Personnel Academy of
UNESCO. She is International Expert of UNESCO in
the implementation of Information Communication
Technology (ICT) in educational environments in
Short CVs of Guest Editors xxxi

Azerbaijan. She is a member of the Editorial Board of

International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigm
(Romania), Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
(Baku) and Journal of Problems of İnformation Technology
(Baku).
She was invited to serve as Program Committee member
for over 30 international conferences and as a reviewer for
nearly 40 international journals. Her awards are as follows:
India-3 months (1998); Germany (DAAD), 3 months
(1999); Germany (DAAD), 3 months (2003); USA,
California (Fulbright), 10 months (2007-2008); Germany
(DAAD)-3 months (2010); USA, UC Berkeley-6 months
(2012, 2015, 2016, 2017); and USA, UC, Berkeley, 12
months (2018). She is the author of more than 152 scientific
articles, 8 method manuals, 6 manuals, 1 monograph and 5
Springer publications. Her research interests include artifi-
cial intelligence, soft computing, intelligent system,
machine learning techniques to decision making and fuzzy
neural network.
Shahbazova is a member of Board of Directors of North
American Fuzzy Information Processing Society
(NAFIPS); the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing group
(BISC); the New York Academy of Sciences, the Defined
Candidate Dissertation Society in Institute of Applied
Mathematics at Baku State University. She is also a
member of Defined Candidate Dissertation Society at
Institute of Management System of National Academy of
Sciences (NAS), Azerbaijan, a member of IEEE, and of the
International Women Club, Azerbaijan.

Professor Shahnaz N. Shahbazova, PhD

Department of Information Technology and Programming
Azerbaijan Technical University
Baku, Azerbaijan
[email protected]
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