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Collection Highlights

Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine 3rd Edition Meir H.


Kryger

Essentials of Sleep Medicine A Practical Approach to


Patients with Sleep Complaints M. Safwan Badr (Editor)

Principles of Regenerative Medicine 3rd Edition Anthony


Atala Robert Lanza Antonios G Mikos Robert Nerem Eds

Aiims Protocols In Neonatology First Edition Agarwal


Ramesh Deorari Ashok
Insight Guides City Guide Beijing Travel Guide eBook 9th
Edition Insight Guides

The Clinical Use of Antipsychotic Plasma Levels 1st


Edition Jonathan M. Meyer

Learning the vi and Vim Editors 8th Edition Arnold Robbins

Japan Occupied: Survival of Academic Freedom 1st Edition


Ruriko Kumano

The Royal Dragoon Guards A Regimental History 1685 2018


1st Edition Peter Macfarlane
The Proceedings of the 9th Frontier Academic Forum of
Electrical Engineering Volume II Weijiang Chen (Editor)
Robert J. Thomas
Sushanth Bhat
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Editors

Atlas of
SSleep
leep Medicine
Third Edition
Atlas of Sleep Medicine
Robert J. Thomas • Sushanth Bhat
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Editors

Atlas of Sleep Medicine


Third Edition
Editors
Robert J. Thomas Sushanth Bhat
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center JFK Neuroscience Institute
Boston, MA, USA Hackensack Meridian Health-JFK
University Medical Center
Sudhansu Chokroverty Edison, NJ, USA
HMH JFK University Medical Center and
Neuroscience Institute
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at
Seton Hall University
South Orange and Nutley, NJ, USA
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical
Center
New Brunswick, NJ, USA

ISBN 978-3-031-34624-8    ISBN 978-3-031-34625-5 (eBook)


https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34625-5

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter
developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed
to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty,
expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To my patients, whose misfortunes and the never-ending struggle to reduce
their pain motivated this work.
To my wife Subha Ramani, who never fails to keep me happy, honest, and
grounded, including “you cannot save the world.” Well, I will try.
To my friend Sudha Seshadri, for memories created, experiences shared, and
some lessons learnt.
To Rena Holzer and Kimberly Campbell, nurse practitioners extraordinaire,
for holding the metaphorical fort, enabling this indulgence.
Robert J. Thomas
Dedicated to my parents and family, and with gratitude to all the students,
residents, and fellows who, over the years, have kept the spirit of learning
alive during busy clinics, hectic rounds, and piles of pending notes and sleep
study reports.
Sushanth Bhat
Preface

One more Atlas? For centuries, visual depiction of pathology has been a core feature of medi-
cal sciences. As new technologies have entered the field, the visuals have become more detailed
and complex and been taking forms never previously imagined. The teaching and learning
potential of visual imagery is nearly infinite, with so many possible interpretations of any indi-
vidual “work.” The First Edition of the Atlas of Sleep Medicine (2005), led by the incompara-
ble Dr. Sudhansu Chokroverty and where I was privileged to assist (with Dr. Meeta Bhatt),
aimed to “teach sleep medicine through images.” The field of sleep medicine/science is
extraordinarily rich with physiological and pathological patterns, blending elements from
already visually rich areas of medicine, including neurophysiology, recording technologies,
pulmonology, cardiology, and neurology. We hoped to tap into these riches for large-scale
benefit and think that we reasonably succeeded. The Second Edition in 2013 continued with
that goal.
There was some hesitation about embarking on a Third Edition. Clearly, there had been
tremendous progress in sleep sciences/practice, but was there enough new visual material? Dr.
Chokroverty stepped back slightly to hand me the responsibility to shepherd this edition, and
we also welcomed a new co-editor, Dr. Sushanth Bhat. It was quickly evident that there was
SO MUCH new visual information! Even better, leading proponents of the art and science of
sleep medicine were willing to share their riches—and thus, this Third Edition. We do not
pretend that this is a “Textbook of Sleep Medicine” but a journey through some of the most
exciting data realms and elements of the field.
This Third Edition attests to the vibrancy of sleep medicine in general, and the change
across editions reflects the evolution of the field and some future directions, which the editors
are grateful to have the opportunity to showcase.

Boston, MA, USA Robert J. Thomas


Nutley, NJ, USA  Sushanth Bhat
Edison, NJ, USA  Sudhansu Chokroverty

vii
Acknowledgments

To the numerous contributors to this Atlas—no words of appreciation may be adequate. They
contributed time, effort, and knowledge during an incredibly difficult period for humanity,
with a specific type of toll on healthcare providers and researchers. This book was “conceived”
just prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, and of all the challenges we anticipated, the virus was not
one of them. The publishers and our managing editor Lee Klein showed infinite patience as
deadlines showed distinct shape-shifting, but here we are finally.
Dr. Chokroverty would like to acknowledge his wife, Manisha Chokroverty, for her patience
and forbearance during the production of this edition despite her considerable disability and
comorbidities.

ix
Contents

Introduction�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   1
Robert J. Thomas, Sushanth Bhat, and Sudhansu Chokroverty

Part I Basic Science


Neuronal Circuits, Anatomical Substrates, and Mechanism of Sleep-Wakefulness�����   5
Sudhansu Chokroverty, Sushanth Bhat, and Robert J. Thomas

Part II Laboratory Techniques

Polysomnographic Recording Technique������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17


Sudhansu Chokroverty and Sushanth Bhat

Hypnogram and Compliance Graph Analysis����������������������������������������������������������������� 43
Robert J. Thomas, Sudhansu Chokroverty, and Sushanth Bhat

Electroencephalography for the Sleep Specialist������������������������������������������������������������� 69
Sudhansu Chokroverty, Eli S. Neiman, and Sushanth Bhat

Odds Ratio Product (ORP): Description and Implications to Understanding and
Management of Sleep Disorders ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 109
Magdy Younes
Sleep Stage Scoring������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 125
Raman K. Malhotra and Alon Y. Avidan
Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Scoring������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 165
Robert J. Thomas, Sushanth Bhat, Federica Provini, and Sudhansu Chokroverty
Upper Airway Radiology��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 201
Richard J. Schwab and Andrew Wiemken

Part III Other Sleep Techniques

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and Maintenance of Wakefulness


Test (MWT)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 235
Sushanth Bhat, Stacey D. Elkhatib Smidt, and Sudhansu Chokroverty
Actigraphy��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 243
Marco Zucconi, Samantha Mombelli, and Sudhansu Chokroverty

Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP): Scoring Rules and Clinical Applications��������������� 261
Liborio Parrino, Irene Pollara, Francesco Rausa, Marcello Luigi Salvatelli, and
Carlota Mutti

xi
xii Contents

Recommendations for Practical Use of Pulse Transit Time


as a Tool for Respiratory Effort Measurement During Sleep
and Microarousal Recognition������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 277
Jean-Louis Pépin, Sébastien Baillieul, and Renaud Tamisier
Peripheral Arterial Tonometry ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 293
Robert J. Thomas
EEG Spectrograms������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 299
Robert J. Thomas and Haoqi Sun
Cardiopulmonary Coupling����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 307
Robert J. Thomas
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 325
Phillip Huyett
Upper Airway Endotypes��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 327
Andrew Wellman and Ran R. Liu
Autonomic Function Testing Including Autonomic Nervous System
and Sleep Interaction��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 333
Sudhansu Chokroverty and Sushanth Bhat

Scoring Techniques for Sleep-Related Movements ��������������������������������������������������������� 341
Ambra Stefani, Birgit Högl, and Raffaele Ferri

Artificial Intelligence in Sleep Medicine��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 355
Haoqi Sun, Wolfgang Ganglberger, M. Brandon Westover, and Robert J. Thomas
Neuroimaging Techniques ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 371
Zara Duquette, Nathan Cross, Aurore A. Perrault, Pierre Maquet, Martin Desseilles,
and Thien Thanh Dang-Vu

High-Resolution EEG Characterization of Sleep Neurophysiology������������������������������� 389
Shijing Zhou, Kyle Morgan, Evan Hathaway, Roma Shusterman, Phan Luu,
Miranda Lim, Ruth Benca, and Don M. Tucker

Intracranial EEG/MEG Recording and Sleep Medicine ����������������������������������������������� 417
Richard A. Wennberg

Pictorial Diagnosis of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders ��������������������������������� 439
Sabra M. Abbott, Roneil Malkani, and Phyllis C. Zee

Consumer Sleep Technology: Wearables and Nearables������������������������������������������������� 447
Sushanth Bhat and Liudmila Lysenko

Part IV Clinical Aspects


Motor Disorders in Sleep��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 459
Sushanth Bhat, Liudmila Lysenko, Stacey D. Elkhatib Smidt, Federica Provini,
Marco Zucconi, Mauro Manconi, and Sudhansu Chokroverty
Cardiac Arrhythmias��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 485
Robert J. Thomas, Sudhansu Chokroverty, and Sushanth Bhat
Sleep and Epilepsy ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 511
Lino Nobili, Angelica Montini, Marco Zucconi, Sudhansu Chokroverty, and
Federica Provini
Contents xiii

Sleep Dysfunction and Sleep-­Disordered Breathing in Miscellaneous


Neurological Disorders������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 525
Sudhansu Chokroverty, Sushanth Bhat, Federica Provini, and Greta Mainieri
Atypical PSG Patterns ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 555
Sudhansu Chokroverty, Sushanth Bhat, and Robert J. Thomas

Part V Therapy in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Non-invasive


CPAP, Bilevel, APAP, High and Low Loop Gain Syndromes����������������������������������������� 595
Robert J. Thomas
Adaptive Servo Ventilation������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 657
Robert J. Thomas

Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) Therapy����������������� 671
Fernanda R. Almeida and Mona M. Hamoda

Part VI Therapy in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Invasive

Neurostimulation and Sleep Apnea����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 679


Robert J. Thomas

Upper Airway Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea ����������������������������������������������������� 697
John A. Fleetham

Part VII Pediatric Sleep Medicine (Clinical and Laboratory Techniques)

Pediatric Polysomnography����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 709


Jisu Han, Alexandra Schwarz, Stacey D. Elkhatib Smidt, and Timothy F. Hoban

Part VIII Video Vignettes


Sleep Disturbances in Autoimmune Encephalitis������������������������������������������������������������ 741
Margaret S. Blattner

Video-Clinical (SHE, FFI, RBD, and Others) ����������������������������������������������������������������� 757
Federica Provini and Greta Mainieri
Narcolepsy: Unequivocal Diagnosis After Split-Screen, Video-­Polysomnographic
Analysis of a Prolonged Cataplectic Attack��������������������������������������������������������������������� 759
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Jason Maxfield

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Cerebral Hypoxemia ����������������������������������� 763
Mark Eric Dyken, Christine L. Glenn, and George B. Richerson

The REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Leading to a Subdural Hemorrhage��������������������� 769
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Mark Raymond Dyken

Isolated Sleep Paralysis: An REM-“Sleep” Polysomnographic Phenomenon, as
Documented with Simultaneous Clinical and Electrophysiologic Assessment������������� 773
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Nivedita Jerath
Confusional Arousal����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 777
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Nivedita Jerath
Sleepwalking����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 779
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Siddharth Bajpai
xiv Contents

Hypnagogic Hallucination������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 783


Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Nivedita Jerath
Sleep Terrors����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 787
Mark Eric Dyken, Deborah C. Lin-Dyken, and Jeffrey Boyle

Adult Seizure from REM Sleep After Obstructive Apnea����������������������������������������������� 791
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken

Pediatric Sleep-Related Seizure with Obstructive Apnea����������������������������������������������� 795
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken

Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 797
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken
Sleep-Related Bruxism������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 799
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 803
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken

Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder����������������������������������������������������������������� 805
Mark Eric Dyken and Mark Raymond Dyken
Sleep-Breathing Dynamics������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 807
Robert J. Thomas

Part IX Epilogue

Epilogue������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 811
Robert J. Thomas, Sushanth Bhat, and Sudhansu Chokroverty
Index������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 813
Contributors

Sabra M. Abbott Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of


Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Fernanda R. Almeida University of British Columbia Oral Health Sciences, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
Alon Y. Avidan Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Sébastien Baillieul, MD, PhD Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service
Universitaire de Pneumologie Physiologie, Grenoble, France
Siddharth Bajpai Northern Virginia Psychiatric Group, Fairfax, VA, USA
Ruth Benca Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Sushanth Bhat Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley,
NJ, USA
JFK Neuroscience Sleep Center, Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center,
Edison, NJ, USA
JFK Neuroscience Institute Hackensack Meridian-Health JFK University Medical Center,
Edison, NJ, USA
Margaret Blattner, MD, PhD Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston, MA, USA
Jeffrey Boyle Avera Medical Group Neurology, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
Sudhansu Chokroverty HMH JFK University Medical Center and Neuroscience Institute,
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, South Orange and Nutley,
NJ, USA
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Nathan Cross Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and CRIUGM, CIUSSS du
Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Health, Kinesiology and
Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Thien Thanh Dang-Vu Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and CRIUGM,
CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Center for Studies in Behavioral
Neurobiology and PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Martin Desseilles Department of Psychology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium

xv
xvi Contributors

Zara Duquette Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Center for
Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology and PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal,
QC, Canada
Mark Eric Dyken The Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille
A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
Mark Raymond Dyken Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille
A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
Stacey D. Elkhatib Smidt JFK Neuroscience Sleep Center, Hackensack Meridian JFK
University Medical Center, Edison, NJ, USA
JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian-Health JFK University Medical Center,
Edison, NJ, USA
Raffaele Ferri Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research
Institute—IRCCS, Troina, Italy
John A. Fleetham University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Wolfgang Ganglberger Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Christine L. Glenn Department of Neurology Sleep Disorders Center, University of Iowa
Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
Mona M. Hamoda Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jisu Han Neuroscience Sleep Center, Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center,
Edison, NJ, USA
Evan Hathaway Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, OR, USA
Timothy F. Hoban Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Michael S. Aldrich Sleep
Disorders Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Birgit Högl Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Phillip Huyett Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
Nivedita Jerath AdventHealth, Winter Park, FL, USA
Miranda Lim Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Deborah C. Lin-Dyken The Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,
The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
Ran R. Liu Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Phan Luu Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Liudmila Lysenko Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
Greta Mainieri Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna,
Bologna, Italy
Raman K. Malhotra Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Neurology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Contributors xvii

Roneil Malkani Neurology Service, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University


Feinberg School of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Mauro Manconi Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Regional
Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Pierre Maquet Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège,
Liège, Belgium
Jason Maxfield Freeman Health System Sleep Laboratory, Joplin, MO, USA
Samantha Mombelli Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Sleep Disorders
Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Research center of the Centre intégré uni-
versitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord de l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Angelica Montini Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of
Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Kyle Morgan Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, OR, USA
Carlota Mutti Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Eli S. Neiman St. Francis Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL, USA
Lino Nobili IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze neurologiche di Genova, Istituto Giannina Gaslini,
Genova, Italy
Liborio Parrino Neurology Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
Jean-Louis Pepin, MD, PhD Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service
Universitaire de Pneumologie Physiologie, Grenoble, France
Aurore A. Perrault Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal and CRIUGM, CIUSSS
du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Health, Kinesiology and
Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Irene Pollara Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of
Parma, Parma, Italy
Federica Provini IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, UOC NeuroMet, Bellaria
Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Francesco Rausa Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
George B. Richerson Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille
A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
Marcello Luigi Salvatelli Sleep Disorders Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Richard J. Schwab Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Alexandra Schwarz Neuroscience Sleep Center, Hackensack Meridian JFK University
Medical Center, Edison, NJ, USA
xviii Contributors

Roma Shusterman Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, OR, USA


Ambra Stefani Sleep Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Medical University of
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Haoqi Sun Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Renaud Tamisier, MD, PhD, MBA Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes,
Service Universitaire de Pneumologie Physiologie, Grenoble, France
Robert J. Thomas Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Don M. Tucker Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Andrew Wellman Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Division of Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
Richard A. Wennberg University of Toronto, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western
Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
M. Brandon Westover Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
Andrew Wiemken Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Magdy Younes Sleep Disorders Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Phyllis C. Zee Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Shijing Zhou Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, OR, USA
Marco Zucconi Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Sleep Disorders Center,
IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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