CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOLS GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATIONS

May 13-15, 2024

GENERAL DIRECTIONS TIME ALLOWED 2:00 HOURS

THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION. IN THIS EXAMINATION, THERE

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1. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the specialized field of study the so
called “Geomorphology”?
A. It studies factors that create climate and examines the variation and distribution of climate.
B. It studies the distribution of soils and their characteristics
C. It studies the distribution of land forms and forces that change them
D. It studies the distribution of flora and fauna in relation to the environments that they Inhabit
2. All of the following statements characterize a geographic map EXCEPT:-
A. Features shown on a map have the same relative proportions as they do in reality
B. Maps show the earth’s surface as if it were seen from nearby side
C. Most maps use generally accepted symbols to represent natural, artificial and cultural features
D. Maps are plane representation of earth surface hence, they can be printed on a piece of paper
3. Among the following statements which one is not considered as the basic significance of
Geographic maps?
A. It shows the distribution of physical and Human phenomena on the earth’s surface
B. It gives Information about variations in height on the earth’s surface
C. It helps us to make visual comparison of places on the earth’s surface
D. It helps us to know the basic factors behind the variation of landforms on earth
4. Identify the wrong statement about a statistical diagram the so called “A simple line graph
A. The horizontal Axis is used to represent dependent variable such as Temperature
B. The base of the vertical scale should be at zero
C. The top value should be slightly higher than the maximum value.
D. Small crosses or dots are used to mark values when plotting the graph
5. What does “The type of map projection” as one of the several marginal Information’s tell us about
the map?
A. It tell us whether the map is current or out dated
B. It tell us the mechanism employed in producing the map from the globe
C. It tell us the difference between magnetic North and True North
D. It indicates the extent to which the area represented in the map has been reduced
6. Which one of the following statements describes the Heat transfer way the so called “conduction”?
A. It is a transfer of heat through molecular contacts within and between bodies
B. It is the transfer of energy from one body to another by means of electromagnetic waves
C. It is the transfer of heat due to differences in density and moisture content
D. It is the transfer of heat through vacuum
7. In which of the following situation is “orographic (relief) rain fall” created?
A. When the air above the ground surface is heated by the sun and warmed up
B. When Hot and moist Air is forced to rise over mountains
C. When two air masses with different temperature meet
D. When cold and dry air mass ascends up a hill
8. Identify the wrong statement about the equatorial low pressure belt called “Doldrums”.
A. It is located near to north and south poles
B. Wind speed is low hence it is called belt of calm
C. It has high centrifugal force due to high velocity of Earth’s rotation
D. It experiences a tremendous heat warm air and low pressure
9. Which one of the following groups of cloud types occur at a height greater than 6000 meters above
sea levels and called “High clouds”?
A. Alto cumulus, Alto stratus
B. Cirrostratus, cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirro cumulus
C. Strato cumulus, stratus, Nimbo stratus
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 D. Cumulus, cumulonimbus
10. How do ocean currents Influence the temperature condition of a place?
A. They influence temperature by dispersing the rays of the sun
B. The influence temperature by eroding shore lines
C. They influence temperature by either heating or Colling the air
D. They influence Temperature by washing warm dry sediments out to sea.
11. Which one of the following locations is not related with the formation of deserts of the world?
A. Location in the trade wind belt
B. Location on the wind ward side of high mountains
C. Location in the interior of continents
D. Location along cool ocean currents
12. One of the following phenomena has nothing to do with the frequent weather changes in the
temperate zone. Which one is it?
A. Convergence of Tropical and polar air masses
B. The prevalence of High angle of the sun throughout the year
C. The difference in the length of day between summer and winter
D. The effect of continents
Teble 1.1
Climatic Data of four stations
Months of the year
Stations
J F M A M J J A S O N D
T0(0C) 10 11 13 15 18 22 24 25 23 19 15 12
I
R.F(mm) 116 117 76 57 65 8 6 4 27 84 93 118
T(0C) -25 -25 -25 -15 -15 5 5 5 -6 -10 -25 -35
II
R.F(mm) 6 7 10 12 13 24 28 33 21 19 10 6
T(0C) 26 27 27 28 25 27 27 27 27 26 27 26
III
R.F(mm) 249 185 185 196 171 172 172 203 174 207 255 267
T(0C) 10 12 14 18 25 30 31 31 27 23 18 11
IV
R.F(mm) 2 5 3 10 11 27 30 35 31 16 15 9

Refer Table 1.1 above for questions from Number 13-17

13. Which of the following is correct about station II in the climatic Data of the above table?
A. It is a type of climatic experienced in Mediterranean region.
B. Its Annual range of temperature is the highest of all stations
C. Lichens mosses and sedges grow during the summer season of the station
D. Forestry is one of the most common Economic activity of the region
14. All are correct combination of Natural vegetation and their respective climatic stations EXCEPT
A. Mahagony – station IV
B. Cork oak – station I
C. Lichens – Station IV
D. Cactus – station IV
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15. Which one of the following station does best characterize the climatic conditions of Singapore,
morocco and Alaska respectively?
A. Station I, Station III and station IV
B. Station II, Station I and station III
C. Station III, station I and station II
D. Station IV, station II and station I
16. Identify the wrong combinations of stations with their respective characteristics
A. The highest rainfall – station III
B. The highest range of Temperature – station II
C. Leached soil (laterite) --- station IV
D. Found Northern and southern Tip of Africa – station I
17. Which one of the following planetary wind is supposed to be responsible for the formation of
rainfall in Africa where station III climatic type occurs?
A. Polar Easterlies
B. North East trade winds
C. Equatorial westerlies
D. Polar westerlies
18. Which one of the following best describes the role of a producer in an ecosystem?
A. It supplies energy for the consumers in the Ecosystem
B. It supplies light for the consumers in the Ecosystem
C. It supplies oxygen for the consumers in the Ecosystem
D. It supplies water for the consumers in the Ecosystem
19. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the Geographical term “distance time
decay”?
A. It is the effect of distance and time on cultural and spatial interactions
B. It is the Effect of Altitude on the distribution of Temperature and rainfall
C. It is the effect of distance and time on the transportation cost of various modes of transport
D. It is the effect of ocean current on the climatic condition of a place in distance and time
20. All of the following statements are the benefits of sample survey over census Except
A. It is less expensive because it does not involve the entire population
B. It is capable of providing very detailed information about the population
C. It can provide data of better quality if sample takers are will-trained and strictly supervised
D. It is unable to estimate margins of error or the accuracy of Data
21. All of the following combination of compass points and bearings are correctly matched EXCEPT:-
A. SSW- 202.50
B. ESE – 112.50
C. NNW – 3150
D. WSW – 247.50
22. Which one of the following statements does not describe the basic features of a “physiographic
Diagram” of Traditional map making?
A. Exact heights and slopes of land forms are Indicated
B. It is drawn with out scale so lacks accuracy
C. Some geographic details of an area would be hidden from view
D. It shows the side and oblique view of the landscape
23. Which one of the following combination of sedimentary rocks are correctly matched with their
respective types?
A. Silt stone and shale – clastic sedimentary Rocks
B. Gypsum and halite – Bioclastic sedimentary Rocks
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 C. Sand stone – organic sedimentary Rocks
D. Coal – chemical sedimentary Rocks
24. According to the koppen system of climate classification letter “A” represents one of the following
types of climate:-
A. Moist mid latitude climate with mild winter
B. Moistmid latitude climate with severe winter
C. Polar and highland climate
D. Tropical moist climate
25. “Awash” and “Ambo” are towns in Ethiopia which are located at 900N latitude. However, they
experience different mean Annual Temperature. This is due to:-
A. Difference in their access to sea
B. Difference in their Altitude
C. Difference in their length of day time
D. Difference in their longitudinal location
26. What are “Ephemerals” as one of the diverse species of flora in desert Ecosystem?
A. They are species of plants which reproduce Asexually by budding
B. They are species of plants which burst in to life from their dormancy when rainfalls
C. They are species of plants which develop narrow and spongy leaves to minimize water loss
D. They are species of plants which donot carry out the process of photo synthesis
27. Which one of the following statements is correct about “refugee” migration”?
A. It is a form of migration caused by Natural hazards
B. It is a type of migration in which a migrant arrives at last destination with out rest
C. It is a type of migration made with the Intention of returning back
D. It is a form of migration caused by political reasons
28. One among the following can not be afactor for the growth and development of urbanization which
one is it?
A. High rate of Natural Increase of population
B. High rate of rural to urban migration
C. High rate of Industrialization
D. High cultural Integration in rural Areas
29. All of the following characterize market Economy EXCEPT:-
A. Goods and services are distributed through Government Agencies
B. Prices are determined by the law of demand and supply
C. Decentralized decision making
D. Private property right and Economic freedom
30. Which one of the following is not included under structural adjustment programs required from
borrowers for loans both by IMF and world Bank?
A. Implementation of privatization policies
B. Removing rules that restrict private companies
C. Opening local markets to foreign goods
D. Expanding the role of the Government in the Economy.
Table 1.2
Table showing Area (km2) and population number of three countries.
Country Area (km2) Population Urban population Cultivated land
(%) (%)
A 96,000 192,000 25 30

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 B 90,000 270,000 80 10

C 15,000 300,000 45 35

Refer the above table for questions from number 31- 33

31. How much is the crude density of country “A” and “B” respectively?
A. 3 P/km2 and 2P/km2
B. 2p /km2 and 4p /km2
C. 2p/km2 and 3p/ km2
D. 20p/km2 and 3p / km2
32. How much is the Agricultural density of country “B” and “C” respectively
A. 5 P/km2 and 31P/km2
B. 31p /km2 and 6p /km2
C. 6p/km2 and 31p/ km2
D. 31p/km2 and 5p / km2
33. Which countries have the highest and lowest crude densities respectively?
A. Country “C” and Country “A”
B. Country “C” and country “B”
C. Country “B”and country “C”
D. Country “A” and country “C”
34. Which one of the following statements about sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic Era is correct?
A. Adigrat sand stone is older in North west than South East
B. Upper sand stone is older in the south east than North west
C. Adigrat sand stone is thicker in south east than North west
D. Upper sand stone is thinner in the North west than south East
35. Although Temperature in the inner core reaches up to 60000C Iron and Nickel are still found in a
solid state. What is the reason?
A. Their melting point is above 60000C
B. It is due to high pressure increase in the inner core
C. They are far from this huge amount of Temperature
D. They are exposed for the external Atmosphere
36. Which one of the following is not true about contour lines?
A. They are drawn at a fixed height Interval
B. They can merge or cross one another in the case of overhanging cliffs or water falls
C. They are continuous lines with different shapes
D. They are always numbered in the direction towards which altitude decreases
37. Which one of the following statements does not characterize “Layer coloring” method of showing
relief on maps?
A. It does not Indicate gradual changes in slopes
B. Dark colors can obscure details in areas that they over lie
C. Some colors can create false Impression in the map’s reader mind
D. The edges of the Areas of different colors can suggest Existent physical boundaries.
38. Suppose on a contour map drawn with vertical Interval of 100 meters the map distance between
contour lines with 800 meters and 900 meters is 10 centimeters. What will be the value of the
contour line drawn at 4 centimeters far away from the lower contour?
A. 850 meters B. 830 meters C. 820 meters D. 840 meters
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 39. What is the gradient of two points with Altitude 1000 meters and 3000 meters on amap drawn with
scale 1:100,00 and map distance between the two points is 6 centimeters?
A. 1:2 B. 1:3 C. 1:4 D.1:5
40. What is the Gradient of the above Question in the form of degree?
A. 200 B. 300 C. 150 D. 120
41. One among the following places is not included under the densely populated regions of the world.
Which one is it?
A. Asiatic population belt (East and South Asia
B. Peninsular Europe
C. Tundra and polar Icecap regions
D. North Eastern North America
42. Which one of the following is among the factors affecting the quality of data gathered through
census, sample survey and vital registration?
A. Neglecting or Ignoring certain groups of people
B. Valid Information about the age and occupation of people
C. Counting of a person twice (Double entry)
D. Inadequate awareness about the importance of population Data
43. One of the following statements does not characterize the manufacturing sector of the secondary
Economic activities. Which one is it?
A. It is a transformation of raw materials in to finished or semi-finished goods
B. It has low division of labor
C. It needs power, skilled man power, huge capital and modern technology
D. Its end product may serve as an input for other Industries
44. The new Economic policy of Ethiopia includes all of the following actions Except:-
A. Promoting private Investment
B. Continuing the role of the government in the Economy: -
C. Involving regional administration in Economic management
D. Promoting the participation of the population in developmental sectors.

Table 1.3
Population Data of hypothetic place
Total population of the mid-year 20,000, 000
Female population 40% of the total
Total Birth 600,000
Total Death 400,000
Net migration rate is equal to rate of Natural Increase
Old age population 10% of the total
Young Age population 40% of the total
Number of women age (15-49) 20% of the total

Refer Table 1.3 above for questions from Number 45-49

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45. What is the growth rate of the population?
A. 1 % B. 2 % C. 3 % D. 4%
46. How long does it take for the current population to double itself?
A. 20 years B. 25 years C. 35 years D. 40 years
47. How much is the sex ratio of the population?
A. 1.5:1 B. 2:1 C. 1:1 D. 1:2
48. How much is the Age dependency ratio of the population?
A. 50% B. 100% C. 40% D. 10%
49. How much is the general fertility rate of the population?
A. 150% B. 100% C. 10% D. 15%
50. Which one of the following title of a Geographical study corresponds to “regional approach”?
A. The Geography of soil
B. The Geography of climate
C. The Geography of Balkans
D. The Geography of Economic activities
51. Which one of the following is the quickest and most accurate method of Interpolation of contours?
A. Estimation method
B. Graphical method
C. Calculation Method
D. Observation method
52. Which one of the following statements explain the limitation of vertical exaggeration while
drawing the cross-section of a contour map?
A. It increases the visual effectiveness of a given relief
B. It has the potential to give a very strong Impression
C. It causes the slope of a hill side to look steeper than it actually is
D. It is free from distortion

53. In which of the following situation can two points be inter-visible to each other?
A. If they are located at the top and bottom of a convex slope
B. If they are located at the top and bottom of overhanging cliff
C. If they are located at the opposite sides of a hill or a mountain
D. If they are located at the top and bottom of a concave slope
54. A Drainage pattern which occur where rivers flow in all directions away from a raised feature is
termed as
A. Radial Drainage pattern
B. Centripetal Drainage pattern
C. Rectangular Drainage pattern
D. Dendritic drainage pattern
55. Which one of the following is not the characteristics of a river at its youth stage?
A. The development of deep narrow valley with V-Shapes
B. The river’s volume increases as it is joined by the tributaries
C. The presence of water falls, rapids and cataracts
D. The formation of inter locking spurs
56. Suppose two places with Altitude 500 meters and 3000 meters are to be connected by a rail way
How much would the shortest possible distance of the rail way be?
A. 100 kilometers
B. 120 kilometers
C. 125 kilometers
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 D. 150 kilometers
57. Which one of the following countries is historically associated with the Development of
Geographic Information system?
A. Russia B. China C. Canada D. Portugal
58. All of the following statements are correct about the region southern Africa EXCEPT:-
A. It is the least populous region in the continent
B. It has the highest life expectancy in the continent
C. It is the smallest region in the continent
D. It is drained by river basins that include limpopo, orange and vaal rivers
59. Which one of the following mountains of Africa is correctly matched with their respective country
Location and causes of formation?
A. Mountain meru – Tanzania – folding
B. Mountain Kilimanjaro – Tanzania – folding
C. Mountain Ruwenzori – Uganda – faulting
D. Mountain Drakensberg – south Africa – volcanism
60. One of the following statements does not characterize the East Africa Rift valley which one is it?
A. It is bounded by steep escarpments (edges)
B. It has numerous active and dormant volcanoes
C. It has a cold and moist climate in its many parts making the place conducive for human
habitation
D. Many structural basins (lakes) occupy the floor of the rift valley

61. What makes the tropical maritime (monsoon) climate of Africa different from other climate types
of the continent?
A. It is found only in the southern hemisphere
B. It has low Annual rainfall throughout the year due to the influence of cold ocean current
C. It has low temperature throughout the year due to the Influence of cold trade wind
D. It has high Annual range of temperature
62. Identify the combination of water falls and their respective country location which stands first in
its height of falls in Africa
A. Chirombo – Zambia
B. Tugela – south Africa
C. Maletsugane – Lesotho
D. Tis Isat – Ethiopia
63. Identify the swamp (marsh Area) which is developed along the course of the Zambezi basin
A. The sudd swamp
B. Kamulando swamp
C. Batorse and kafue swamps
D. Okovango
64. In the tropical rainforests of Africa there are little or no under growths. This is mainly due to
A. The presence of highly leached soil
B. The preventation of light penetration by the canopies of tall trees
C. The dominance of hard wood trees which are difficult for lumbering
D. The presence of high species diversity and thick growth
65. As “Ferrasols” is to “pedalfers” “Vertisols” and “Regosols” are to _______ and ______
respectively
A. Pedocals and Azonal soil
B. Hydromorphic and pedocals
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 C. Pedalfers and Hydromorphic
D. Azonal soil and pedocals
66. Which one of the following soil conservation measures refers to planting two or more types of
crops on the same farm using a pattern of strips of alternating crops?
A. Shifting cultivation
B. Strip cultivation
C. Crop rotation
D. Fallowing
67. All of the following are motives leading to migration In Africa EXCEPT:-
A. Prevalence of diverse and wide range of climatic zones
B. Prevalence of homogenous Natural resources
C. Coincidence of the continents large size
D. Pervasiveness of varying Economic activities
68. All of the following are among the major characteristics of the African population EXCEPT:-
A. High median age
B. High fertility and mortality rate
C. Low old dependency ratio
D. Generally young population
69. Suppose someone who lives in Ethiopia has gone to Nigeria to work in the oil fields. What type of
migration is it?
A. Permanent migration
B. Inter-continental migration
C. Intra continental migration
D. Internal migration
70. Identify the Advantage of migration for loosing country.
A. Reduces pressure on jobs and resources
B. Left with an elderly population
C. Overcomes labor shortage
D. Low quality over crowded housing
71. The most and least urbanized sub-regions of Africa are ________ and ________ respectively.
A. Northern and central Africa
B. Southern and Eastern Africa
C. Northern and Western Africa
D. Western and Eastern Africa
72. One of the following statements describes the current status of trade in Africa. Which one is it?
A. Most countries in Africa Import Agricultural Goods
B. Inter country trade has been growing very fast over the past decade
C. Africa has 20% share of the world trade
D. Africa is not able to diversity its export trade
73. Which term refers to the Average number of children thy would be born alive to a women during
her life time If she were to pass through all child bearing ears?
A. Age specific fertility rate
B. Crude birth rate
C. Total fertility rate
D. General fertility rate
74. Where does the largest share of Africa’s exportable “timber” come from?
A. West African tropical forests
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 B. The high lands of East Africa
C. The Congo Basin
D. The high lands of North Africa
75. What is the effect of high rate of Natural increase on the length of the doubling time of a
population?
A. It will reduce the doubling time of the population
B. It will increase the doubling time of the population
C. It will have no effect on the doubling time of the population
D. It will freeze the doubling time of the population at a fixed rate
76. What common characteristics do you find among Atlas, Alps and Himalayas?
A. All are found along tensional forces
B. They were formed during similar Geological Eras
C. All are found in the Mediterranean region
D. All are old fold mountains
77. All of the following climate types exist in Africa EXCEPT:-
A. Tropical savanna climate
B. Warm temperate continental climate
C. Cool Temperate coastal climate
D. Mediterranean climate
78. Which of the following countries of Africa are the leading producer of crude oil and bauxite
respectively?
A. Guinea and Ghana
B. Nigeria and Guinea
C. Nigeria and Algeria
D. Nigeria and Botswana
79. As coca is to Ghana, Tea and sisal are to ______________ and _________ respectively.
A. Nigeria and Tanzania
B. Cameroon and Uganda
C. Liberia and Togo
D. Tanzania and Tanzania
80. Which one of the following cannot be a Geological Evidence favoring continental drift theory?
A. Coast line similarity
B. Rock type and structural similarity
C. Economic and political system similarity
D. Paleo climatic and fossil Evidences
81. A kind of volcanoes that have alow but broad profile created by highly fluid lava flows that spread
over wide areas is termed as: ______________
A. Strato volcanoes
B. Shield volcanoes
C. Cinder cone volcanoes
D. Calderas
82. Which one of the following pair of land features are associated with erosion by sea waves?
A. Flood plain and meanders
B. Spit and lagoon
C. Barkhan and lagoon
D. Sand dunes and loess deposits
83. Which international convention or agreement on climate change recommended developing a
compressive global frame work to protect the atmosphere?
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 A. The first world climate conference of 1979.
B. The first assessment of state of global climate
C. The Toronto conference of 1988.
D. The second assessment of state of global climate
84. Among the following which one is the characteristic of wurch-zone areas of Ethiopia?
A. Lowest altitude & lowest temperature
B.Have temperature of more than 10 degree centigrade
C. Exist only in the very high mountains of South Gondar, Shoa, Bale Wollo&Aresi
D. It is the home of concentrated human settlement

85. Identify the wrongly matched conference of parties on climate and their respective host cities
A. Cop-6 – Bonn
B. Cop-8 – New Delhi
C. Cop- 9 – Rome
D. Cop-7 – Marrakesh
86. All of the followings are the 2030 sustainable development goal agenda except.
A. Peace, justice and strong institutions
B. Gender equality and quality education
C. Decent work and economic growth
D. Agricultural sector remains the mainstay of the people
87. Identify the statement which is related with Governance challenges that lie at the root of conflicts
over natural resources
A. Unclear, overlapping enforcement of resource rights and laws
B. Un discriminatory policies, rights and laws that favor all groups
C. Unequal distribution of benefits and burdens from development projects
D. Lack of public participation and transparency in decision making
88. The UN charter and principles of international law of the sovereign right to exploit their own
resource of principle 2 of Rio Declaration refers to
A. The issue of sharing and monument of resources that move across international boundaries
B. The quality and quantity of trans boundary resources
C. The enraging threats to natural resources
D. Availability of natural resources
89. According to the “Ultimate resource theory” of Julian Simon
A. Over population results in positive checks
B. Natural resources are not finite in any economic sense
C. Population change brings about Agricultural change
D. Capitalism creates surplus population
90. All of the following actions support pro-natalist population policy EXCEPT:-
A. Granting mothers significant maternity pay
B. Providing substantial support for child caring mothers
C. Providing loans to young married couples
D. Improving awareness of women on the usage of contraceptives
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91. A condition that occurs where in groups of people can be put at higher risk for environmental
hazards and water pollution due to marginalization to economic and political process is termed as:
A. Bio safety C. Environmental Racism
B. Radiological health D. Human right violence
92. Which Environmental movement is concerned less about the problems and limitations to overcome
Environment problems rather focuses on the tools, models and Ideas that already exist for
overcoming them?
A. Free market Environmentalism C. Light dark Environmentalism
B. Bright Green Environmentalism D. Popular Environmentalism

93. Which one of the following is not the cause of trade Imbalance in a given country?
A. When the country borrows from other countries to pay for Imports
B. When a country Imports finished goods while exporting raw materials
C. When a country’s Industrial activity exceeds its extractive activity
D. When the country is in current account deficit
94. One of the following term is referring the Idea of food security. Which one is it?
A. Related to efforts to prevent terrorists from poisoning food supplies
B. Ensuring Every one’s access to food
C. Food surpluses with distribution
D. Shortage of water for Agriculture
95. Which one of the following is correct about “Research design”?
A. It is a decision regarding what where, when how much and by what means the research is
conducted
B. It is the technique adopted for collecting data
C. It is the technique utilized in reaching at a specific hypothesis
D. It is a mechanism of providing a recommendation.

Questions from 96-100 should be answered by referring to the given map.

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96. What type of slope does the line connecting point A and B indicate?
A. Concave B. Convex C. Even D. Terrace
97. What is the approximate area of the mapped area?
A. 86.25km2 B. 38.3km2 C. 4km2 D. 345km2

98. The crow –flight distance between points X and Y is approximately:

A. 4km B. 6km C. 2km D. 8km
99. Assume the area shown on the map is found in Ethiopia, what is the most likely traditional
temperature zone represented by the map?
A. Wurch/ kur C. WoinaDega
B. Dega D. Kolla
100. What is the direction of flow of the river shown on the map?
A. Northwest to southwest C. Northeast to southwest
B. Southwest to northeast D. Southeast to northwest

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