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2016 考研真题单词（英语二）
（例句来源于考研英语二真题）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式。2.考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解
记忆。
完形填空
多产的、富饶 They're more productive, more crea-
productive adj tive, and willing to take greater risks.
的
Companies located in places with hap-
把……设置/
locate v pier people invest more, according to a
建造在 recent research paper.
The researchers wanted to know if the
optimism and inclination for risk-
inclination n 意向、倾向
taking that come with happiness would
change the way companies invested.
So they compared U.S. cities’ average
happiness measured by Gallup polling
polling n 民意测验 with the investment activity of public-
ly traded firms(公开交易的公司，上
市公司) in those areas.
intensity n 强度、力度 Sure enough ， firms’ investment and
R&D intensity were correlated with
correlate v 使相互关联 the happiness of the area in which they
were headquartered.
To find out, the researchers controlled
for[考虑（某种因素) ]various factors
that might make firms more likely to
indicators n 指示物，指标 invest - like size, industry, and sales -
and for indicators that a place was de-
sirable to live in, like growth in wages
or population.
将（法律、条 The correlation between happiness and
例、事实等） investment was particularly strong for
编辑成典的， younger firms, which the authors at-
codified adj tribute to “less codified decision mak-
例句中引申为
ing process” and the possible presence
“刻板的、固 of “younger and less experienced
守成规的” managers who are more likely to be
sentiment n 情感、情绪 influenced by sentiment.”
Firms seem to invest more in places
比较而言地， where most people are relatively hap-
relatively adv
相对地 py, rather than in places with happi-
ness inequality.
有道理的、可 “It surely seems plausible that happy
plausible adj
信的 people would be more forward-

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thinking and creative and lean towards

forward- 前瞻的、有远
adj R&D more than the average," said one
thinking 见的 researcher.

阅读理解 Text1
n
coding 编码，编程 It's true that high-school coding clas-
ses aren't essential for learning com-
essential adj 必不可少的 puter science in college.
入门的，初步 Students without experien ce can
introductory adj catch up after a few introductory
的
courses, said Tom Cortina, the assis-
tant dean[（学院）副院长] at Car-
course n 课程 negie Mellon’s School of Computer
Science.
接触，体验
exposure n However, Cortina said, early expo-
（新事物）
有利的，有用 sure is beneficial.
beneficial adj
的
令人困惑的，
confusing adj When younger kids learn computer
难懂的
一连串，一系 science, they learn that it's not just a
string n confusing endless string of letters
列
and numbers - but a tool to build
artwork n 艺术作品 apps, or create artwork, or test hy-
potheses.
hypothesis n 假设，假说
It's not as hard for them to transform
转换，（彻
transform v their thought processes as it is for
底）改变 older students.
bite-sized adj 很小的 Breaking down（拆分） problems
into bite-sized chunks and using
chunk n 大块 code to solve them becomes normal.
v
pack 塞满，挤满 Students also benefit from learning
something about coding before they
brim n 口，边沿 get to college, where introductory
computer-science classes are packed
有决心的，意 to the brim, which can drive the less-
determined adj experienced or -determined students
志坚定的
away.
v
start 开办、创办 The Flatiron School, where people
pay to learn programming ，started
as one of the many coding
bootcamp n 训练营 bootcamps that's become popular for
adults looking for a career change.
n
curriculum 课程 The high-schoolers get the same cur-
riculum, but “we try to gear lessons
使……相适 toward things they're interested in,”
gear v
应；使适合于

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n
instructor 讲师 said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.

n
turnover 倾覆、翻转 Programming languages have a
quick turnover, so the “Ruby on
紧密相关的； Rails” language they learned may
relevant adj not even be relevant by the time they
切题的
enter the job market.
But the skills they learn - how to
think logically through a problem
and organize the results - apply to
consultant n 顾问
any coding language, said Deborah
Seehorn, an education consultant for
the state of North Carolina.
唯一的，仅有 But creating a future army of coders
sole adj is not the sole purpose of the classes.
的
The younger they learn how comput-
ers think, how to coax the machine
coax□
超
v 劝诱，哄劝 into producing what they want - the
earlier they learn that they have the
power to do that - the better.
阅读理解 Text2
v
estimate 估计，估算 Biologists estimate that as many as 2
million lesser prairie chickens-a kind
（北美洲）大
prairie n of bird living on stretching grass-
草原 lands-once lent red to the often grey
landscape of the midwestern and
stretch v 延伸、绵延
southwestern United States.
v
occupy 占据、居住 But just some 22,000 birds remain
today, occupying about 16% of the
生长区，分布
range n species' historic range.
区
The crash was a major reason the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ( )
crash n 暴跌，猛跌
decided to formally list the bird as
threatened.
“The lesser prairie chicken is in a
危急的，严峻
desperate adj desperate situation,” said USFWS
的
Director Daniel Ashe.
Some environmentalists, however,
environmentalist n 环保人士
were disappointed.
指定，认定 They had pushed the agency to des-
designate v （designate ignate the bird as “endangered,” a
sth as sth） status that gives federal officials
greater regulatory power to crack
endangered adj 濒临灭绝的 down on threats.
tag n 标签，标志
flexibility n 灵活性 But Ashe and others argued that the

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对抗性的，挑 “threatened” tag gave the federal

confrontational adj government flexibility to try out new,
起冲突的
potentially less confrontational con-
conservation n 保护 servation approaches.
approach n 方法,方式
形成，缔造
[尤指与他
forge v 人、团体或国
In particular, they called for forging
家形成牢固的
closer collaborations with western
关系] state governments, which are often
collaboration n 合作，协作 uneasy with federal action, and with
不和谐的，不 the private landowners who control
an estimated 95% of the prairie
uneasy adj 协调的，矛盾
chicken's habitat.
的
（动植物的）
habitat n 生活环境，栖
息地
起诉，控告， Under the plan, for example, the
prosecute v agency said it would not prosecute
检举
landowners or businesses that unin-
unintentionally adv 非故意地 tentionally kill, harm, or disturb the
bird, as long as they had signed a
restore v 恢复，复原 range-wide management plan to re-
store prairie chicken habitat.
Negotiated by USFWS and the
states, the plan requires individuals
and businesses that damage habitat
英亩（相当于
acre n as part of their operations to pay into
0.405 公顷） a fund to replace every acre de-
stroyed with 2 new acres of suitable
habitat.
The fund will also be used to com-
compensate v 弥补，补偿 pensate landowners who set aside
habitat.
临时的，暂时 USFWS also set an interim goal of
restoring prairie chicken populations
interim adj 的，过渡期间
to an annual average of 67,000 birds
的 over the next 10 years.
n
coalition 联盟，联合体 And it gives the Western Association
of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
(WAFWA) ， a coalition of state
monitor v 监控，监督 agencies, the job of monitoring pro-
gress.
华而不实的言 Not everyone buys the win-win rhet-
rhetoric n oric.
语、花言巧语

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阻止，妨碍， Some Congress members are trying

block v to block the plan, and at least a doz-
阻挠
质疑（或怀 en industry groups, four states, and
three environmental groups are chal-
challenge v 疑）；拒绝接
lenging it in federal court.
受
“The federal government is giving
responsibility for managing the bird
extinction n 灭绝，绝种 to the same industries that are push-
ing it to extinction,” says biologist
Jay Lininger.
阅读理解 Text3
陈词滥调，老 That everyone's too busy these days
cliche□
超
n is a cliche.
生常谈
But one specific complaint is made
悲哀地，凄惨
mournfully adv especially mournfully: There's never
地 any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is
thorny adj 棘手的 that the usual time-management
techniques don't seem sufficient.
But in my experience, using such
少量的，微小
odd adj methods to free up the odd 30
的；零散的 minutes doesn't work.
n
flywheel 飞轮，惯性轮 Sit down to read and the flywheel of
work-related thoughts keeps spin-
spin v 旋转，转动 ning-or else you're so exhausted that
a challenging book's the last thing
exhausted adj 精疲力竭的 you need.
adv
overwhelmingly 势不可挡地 The modern mind, Tim Parks, a nov-
elist and critic，writes，“is over-
使倾向于（某 whelmingly inclined toward
incline v 种行动或观 communication...It is not simply that
点） one is interrupted; it is that one is
interrupt v 打断 actually inclined to interruption.”
Deep reading requires not just time,
but a special kind of time which can't
merely adv 仅仅
be obtained merely by becoming
more efficient.
v
maximise 充分利用 Thinking of time as a resource to be
maximised means you approach it
approach v 对待，处理 instrumentally judging any given
起作用地，有 moment as well spent only in so far
instrumentally adv as it advances progress toward some
帮助地
goal.
advance v 促进，推动

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Immersive reading, by contrast, de-

pends on being willing to risk ineffi-
immersive adj 沉浸式的
ciency, goallessness, even time-
wasting.
Try to slot it in as a to-do list item
让人感到满足 and you'll manage only goal-focused
fulfilling adj
的 reading-useful, sometimes, but not
the most fulfilling kind.
“The future comes at us like empty
bottles along an unstoppable and
nearly infinite conveyor belt( 传 送
无限的；极多 带)," writes Gary Eberle in his book
infinite adj Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure
的
to fill these different-sized bottles
(days, hours, minutes) as they pass,
for if they get by without being
filled, we will have wasted them. ”
schedule v 安排，计划
Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling reg-
定期的；固定
regular adj ular times for reading.
的
v
fuel 刺激；使加剧 You'd think this might fuel the effi-
ciency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle
仪式的；例行
ritualistic adj notes, such ritualistic behaviour
的 helps us “step outside time's flow”
soul n 灵魂 into “soul time. ”
You could limit distractions by read-
使人分心的事
distraction n ing only physical books, or on sin-
物 gle-purpose e-readers.
以……为条
providing conj.
件；如果
“ Carry a book with you at all
dip v 浸，蘸
times” can actually work, too-
default adj 默认的 providing you dip in often enough,
so that reading becomes the default
暂时地,临时
temporarily adv state from which you temporarily
地 surface to take care of business, be-
浮出水面；现 fore dropping back down.
surface v
身
阅读理解 Text4
超
□
n
backdrop 背景 Against a backdrop of drastic chang-
es in economy and population struc-
ture, younger Americans are
民意调查，民
n
poll drawing a new 21st-century road
意测验 map to success, a latest poll has
found.
珍视，高度重 Across generational lines, Americans
prize v continue to prize many of the same
视

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traditional milestones of a successful

重大事件，里 life, including getting married, hav-
milestone n
程碑 ing children, owning a home, and
retiring in their sixties.
v
constitute 构成 But while young and old mostly
agree on what constitutes the finish
fulfilling adj 令人满意的 line of a fulfilling life, they offer
惹人注目地， strikingly different paths for reaching
strikingly adv it.
醒目地
开始生活，开
start v Young people who are still getting
始立业
按优先顺序列 started in life were more likely than
older adults to prioritize personal
出；确定（事
fulfillment in their work, to believe
项、问题等）
prioritize v they will advance their careers most
的优先顺序； by regularly changing jobs, to favor
优先考虑[处 communities with more public ser-
理] vices and a faster pace of life, to
前进，推进； agree that couples should be finan-
advance v cially secure before getting married
（使）进展
or having children, and to maintain
主张；坚持认
maintain v that children are best served by two
为 parents working outside the home,
为……提供服 the survey found.
serve v 务；满足……
的 需要
contrast n 差别，差异
From career to community and fami-
（战争、风 ly, these contrasts suggest that in the
aftermath□
超
n 暴、事故的） aftermath of the searing Great Re-
后果，余波 cession, those just starting out in life
炽热的，灼热 are defining priorities and expecta-
searing□
超
adj 的；灼痛的， tions that will increasingly spread
剧痛的 through virtually all aspects of
American life, from consumer pref-
给……下定 erences to housing patterns to poli-
define v 义，解释；界 tics.
定，说明
实际上，几
virtually adv
乎，差不多
（观点、目 Young and old converge on one key
converge v point: Overwhelming majorities of
标）趋同
both groups said they believe it is
巨大的，压倒 harder for young people today to get
overwhelming adj started in life than it was for earlier
性的
generations.
有点儿，有几
somewhat adv
分

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乐观的，乐观
optimistic adj While younger people are somewhat
主义的
可能性；机 more optimistic than their elders
about the prospects for those starting
prospect n 会；希望；前
out today, big majorities in both
景 groups believe those “just getting
（社会地位） started in life” face a tougher climb
上升；（职 than earlier generations in reaching
climb n
务）晋升；提 such signpost achievements as secur-
高（地位） ing a good-paying job, starting a
family, managing debt, and finding
signpost n 路标；标志物 affordable housing.
（尤指经过努
secure v 力）获得，取
得，实现
技师，技术人
technician n Schneider, a27-year-old auto techni-
员
奋斗，拼搏， cian from the Chicago suburbs, says
he struggled to find a job after grad-
struggle v 作出极大的努
uating from college.
力
稳定地，稳固 Even now that he is working
steadily adv steadily，he said, “I can't afford to
地
pay my monthly mortgage payments
抵押贷款，按
mortgage n on my own, so I have to rent rooms
揭 out to people to make that happen.”

新题型
As adults, it seems that we are con-
mixed adj 混杂的 stantly pursuing happiness, often with
mixed results.
Yet children appear to have it down to
therapy n 治疗，疗法 an art - and for the most part they
don't need self-help books or therapy.
n
wellbeing 幸福 Instead, they look after their wellbe-
ing instinctively and usually more ef-
instinctively adv 本能地 fectively than we do as grownups.
易控制的，易 As we grow up, we learn to control
manageable adj our emotions so they are manageable
管理的
影响，决定， and don't dictate our behaviours,
dictate v which is in many ways a good thing.
支配
But too often we take this process too
suppress v 抑制（感情） far and end up suppressing emotions,
especially negative ones.
What we need to do is find a way to
acknowledge and express what we
acknowledge v 承认
feel appropriately, and then - again,
like children-move on.

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n
fiver 五元美钞 It cost less than a fiver but she was
overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking
极为高兴的，
overjoyed adj about it.
十分开心的
沉溺于，沉湎 If we adults could indulge in a bit of
indulge v silliness and giggling, we would re-
于，纵情于
duce the stress hormones in our bod-
giggle v 傻笑 ies, increase good hormones like en-
endorphin n 内啡肽 dorphins，improve blood flow to our
hearts and even have a greater chance
infection n 传染病 of fighting off infection.
The problem with being a grownup is
that there's an awful lot of serious
mortgage n 按揭 stuff to deal with - work, mortgage
payments, figuring out what to cook
for dinner.
工作日程登记 But as adults we also have the luxury
diary n of being able to control our own dia-
表
ries and it's important that we sched-
schedule v 安排，计划 ule in time to enjoy the things we
love.
adj
random 随意的 Those things might be social, sport-
ing, creative or completely random
(dancing around the living room, an-
yone?)- it doesn't matter, so long as
作乐，狂欢 they're enjoyable, and not likely to
spree n （尤指花钱或 have negative side effects, such as
喝酒） drinking too much alcohol or going
on a wild spending spree if you're on
a tight budget.
Scientists tell us this can backfire and
产生事与愿违
backfire v actually have a negative impact on
的结果 our wellbeing.
And in that, once more, we need to
look to the example of our children,
意外收获，附
byproduct n to whom happiness is not a goal but a
带的结果
natural byproduct of the way they
live.

翻译
The supermarket is designed to lure
lure v 引诱，诱使 customers into spending as much time
as possible within its doors.
备有（货物） The average supermarket, according to
carry v the Food Marketing Institute, carries
供销售
商品（物 some 44,000 different items, and many
item n carry tens of thousands more.
品），货品

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十足的，彻底 The sheer volume of available choice

sheer adj is enough to send shoppers into a state
的，纯粹的
of information overload.
overload n 超载，超负荷
困难的（烦人 According to brain-scan experiments,
的，累人的） the demands of so much decision-
demand n making quickly become too much for
事情，[对技
us.
术的]要求
adv
rationally 理性地 After about 40 minutes of shopping,
most people stop struggling to be ra-
selective adj 认真挑选的 tionally selective, and instead begin
shopping emotionally-which is the
point at which we accumulate the 50
accumulate v 堆积，聚集 percent of stuff in our cart that we nev-
er intended buying.

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