整理自：学长小谭
2015 考研真题单词（英语一）
说明：1. (pl.)代表复数形式；
2. 考研词汇的意思大部分比较抽象，建议结合短语例句理解记忆。
完形填空
proceeding n 事件，发生的事 proceed v.开始行动，开展
The study is a genome -wide analysis
conducted on 1,932 unique subjects which
conduct vt 进行，实施
compared pairs of unrelated friends and
unrelated strangers.
most people do not even know their
kin n 家人，家属
fourth cousins but somehow manage
to select as friends the people who
resemble vt 像；与……相似
resemble our kin.
The study also found that the genes for
immunity n 免疫力 smell were something shared in
friends but not genes for immunity.
工作方式，运作
mechanism n There could be many mechanisms
机制
working together that drive us in
functional adj 实用的 choosing genetically similar friends
rather than “functional kinship” of
kinship n 密切关系 being friends with benefits!
One of the remarkable findings of the
evolve vi 进化；逐步发展 study was that the similar genes seem
to be evolving faster than other genes.
extract v. 提取，取出
extraction n 祖籍
extraction n.提取，血统→祖籍
Ethnic tensions among the
种族的；具有民 republics could lead to civil war.
ethnic adj
族特色的 各共和国之间紧张的民族关系可能
导致内战。（来自网易有道词典）
阅读理解 Text1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted
abdicate vi 退位；让位 “kings don't abdicate, they die in their
sleep.”
But embarrassing scandals and the
scandal n 丑闻，丑事
popularity of the republican left in the
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eat one’s recent Euro-elections have forced him
承认自己说错话
words to eat his words and stand down.
但令人尴尬的丑闻以及近来欧洲选举
stand down 辞职，退位 中左翼共和党的人气迫使他自食其
言,退出王位。
Does that mean the writing is on the
magnificent adj 富丽堂皇的 wall(厄运临头的预兆已经显露，指某
事物很可能即将消失或某人即将失
败) for all European royals, with their
majestic adj 威严的，庄严的 magnificent uniforms and majestic
lifestyles?
polarize vt 使极化；使对立 When public opinion is particularly
polarized, as it was following the end of
regime n 政治制度，政权 the Franco regime, monarchs can rise
above “mere” politics and “embody” a
表现，象征；使
embody vt spirit of national unity.
具体化
It is this apparent transcendence of
transcendence n 超越 politics that explains monarchs’
continuing popularity as heads of state.
absolutist n 专制主义者 absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；专制的
Even so, kings and queen s undoubtedly
downside n 不足，负面
have a downside.
Symbolic of national unity as they claim
symbolic adj 象征性的 to be, their very history—and
sometimes the way they behave today—
outdated adj 过时的，落伍的 embodies outdated and indefensible
privileges and inequalities.
bizarre adj 离奇的；奇怪的
贵族的，贵族气 It is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic
aristocratic adj families should still be the symbolic
派的
heart of modern democratic states.
民主的；民主主
democratic adj
义的
The most successful monarchies strive
strive vi 努力，奋斗 to abandon or hide their old aristocratic
ways.
富有的，穿着考 heel n.脚后跟
well-heeled adj
究的 穿着一直包装到脚后跟→穿着考究的
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The danger will come with Charles，
等级的；按等级 who has both an expensive taste of
hierarchical adj
划分的 lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view
of the world.
拥护共和政体的
republican n republic n.共和国，共和政体
人；共和主义者
阅读理解 Text2
They issued a warrant for her arrest.
warrant n 授权证；搜查令 当局发出了逮捕她的令状。（来自网
易有道词典）
refrain vt 抑制，克制
彻底的；影响广 California has asked the justices to
sweeping adj
泛的 refrain from a sweeping ruling,
particularly one that upsets the old
upset vt 打乱；推翻
assumption that authorities may search
through the possessions of suspects at
assumption n 假定，假设
the time of their arrest.
加州已请求大法官们(克制住)不要做
possession n 财产，所有物 出全面性裁定,尤其是不要破坏“执法
当局在实施逮捕时可搜查嫌嫌疑人财
suspect n 嫌疑犯
物”这一古老假定。
arrest n 逮捕，拘捕
recklessly adv 不考虑后果地
The court would be recklessly modest if
it followed California’s advice.
modest adj 保守的
The jury found for the defendant.
defendant n 被告人 陪审团作出了对被告有利的裁决。
（来自网易有道词典）
They should start by discarding
discard vt 丢弃，抛弃
California's lame argument that …
他们应该首先摒弃加州的蹩脚观
lame adj 差劲的；拙劣的
点：…
Thornburgh said such demands wouldn't
violate the First Amendment.
violate vt 违反；妨碍
桑伯说这样的要求不违反第一修正
案。（来自网易有道词典）
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A smartphone may contain an arrestee's
reading history，financial history，
correspondence n 通信，信件
medical history and comprehensive
records of recent correspondence.
Citizens still have a right to expect
private documents to remain private and
prohibition n 禁令，禁律
protected by the Constitution's
prohibition on unreasonable searches.
Burden(负担)+some
burdensome adj 繁重的，麻烦的
负担着一些东西→繁重的
erase vt 擦掉；抹去 erase n.橡皮
But the justices should not swallow
swallow vt 忍受，轻信
California’s argument whole.
disruptive adj 破坏的；扰乱的 整理自：学长小谭
Orin Kerr，a law professor, compares
爆炸；爆发；激
explosion n the explosion and accessibility of digital
增
information in the 21st century with the
establishment of automobile use as a
accessibility n 可达性 virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The
justices had to specify novel rules for
the new personal domain of the
几乎的，实际上 passenger car then; they must sort out
virtual adj
的 how the Fourth Amendment applies to
digital information now.
法学教授奥林·克尔把“21 世纪数字信
specify vt 具体指定；详述 息爆炸及其可获取性”与“20 世纪汽车
确立为生活必需”相较:当时法官们不
得不为小轿车这一新兴私人领域明确
domain n 范围，领域 新规;现在他们也必须解决第四修正
案如何适用于数字信息的问题。
阅读理解 Text3
日报；期刊；日 The journal Science is adding an extra
journal n
志 round of statistical checks to its peer-
review process，editor-in-chief Marcia
statistical adj 统计（学）的
McNutt announced today.
Edit v.编辑，校订
Edit(编辑)+or(名词词尾，人)+ial(形
editorial n 社论
容词词尾) →adj.编辑的，社论的→n.
社论
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panel n 专门小组 The SBoRE panel will then find
external statisticians to review these
statistician n 统计学家 manuscripts.
SBoRE：statistics board of reviewing
manuscript n 手稿；原稿 editors 统计评审编辑委员会
There are various reasons that
impel me to that conclusion.
impel vt 推动；敦促
有各种原因促使我作出那个结论。
（来自网易有道词典）
he expects the board to " play primarily
primarily adv 首先；主要地
an advisory role.”
劝告的，提供咨 他期望该委员会“主要发挥某种咨询
advisory adj
询的 作用”。
foresight n 先见；深谋远虑 Fore(在前)+sight(看，视野)→先见
methodology n 方法学；方法论 John Ioannidis，a physician who
studies research methodology，says
过期未完成的；
that the policy is “ a most welcome step
overdue adj 早应完成的；期
forward” and“ long overdue”.
待已久的
alarm n.警报 v.警告
alarmingly adv 令人惊恐地
alarming adj.令人担忧的，使人惊恐的
Researchers should improve their
literate adj 精通的，熟练的 standards，he wrote in 2012，but
journals should also take a tougher
line，“engaging reviewers who are
verify v 核实 statistically literate and editors who can
verify the process”.
The argument seemed to have
considerable merit.
merit n 价值，优点
这个论点似乎有相当大的价值。（来
自网易有道词典）
阅读理解 Text4
unsettling adj 使人不安的
Two years ago, Elisabeth spoke of the
dearth n 缺乏，稀少 “unsettling dearth of integrity across so
many of our institutions”.
正直，诚实；完
integrity n
整
collapse v 倒塌，崩溃 Integrity had collapsed, she argued，
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because of a collective acceptance that
collective adj 集体的；共同的 the only “ sorting mechanism” in
society should be profit and the market.
wound vi 伤及；伤害 wound n.伤口，损害 v.伤害
As the hacking trial concludes—finding
guilty one ex-editor of the News of the
conspire vi 阴谋策划 World ,Andy Coulson，for conspiring
to hack phones, and finding his
predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent
of the same charge—the wider issue of
dearth of integrity still stands.
窃听审判终结的同时——裁定《世界
新闻报》前主编安迪·柯尔逊合谋窃
predecessor n 前任，前辈 听电话罪名成立,而其前任丽贝卡·布
鲁克斯被判无罪——更大范围的正直
诚实缺失问题却依然存在。
One of the astonishing revelations was
revelation n 揭发，暴露 how little Rebekah Brooks knew of
what went on in her newsroom, how
little she thought to ask and the fact that
inquire vt 打听，查究 she never inquired how the stories
arrived.
The core of her successful defence was
defence n 辩护
that she knew nothing.
In today's world，it has become normal
负有责任的；可 that well-paid executives should not be
accountable adj
解释的 accountable for what happens in the
organizations that they run.
For a generation，the collective
doctrine n 教条；教诲 doctrine has been that the sorting
mechanism of society should be profit.
The words that have mattered are
flexibility n 弹性，机动性 efficiency, flexibility, shareholder
value, business-friendly, wealth
generation, sales, impact and, in
shareholder n 股东
newspapers，circulation.重要的字眼是
效率、弹性、股东利益、商业友好、
circulation n 发行量；流通 财富创造、销售额、影响力,以及对
报纸来说的发行量。
Words degraded to the margin , have
degrade vt 降低，贬低
been justice, fairness，tolerance，
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proportionality and accountability.
proportionality n 比例；均衡 而退至边缘的字眼是公正、公平、宽
客、均衡以及责任。
The purpose of editing the News of the
betray vt 暴露；流露 World was not to promote reader
understanding，to be fair in what was
humanity n 人性 written or to betray any common
humanity.
It was to ruin lives in the quest for
quest n 寻求，探索
circulation and impact.
Ms Brooks may or may not have had
suspicion n 怀疑；嫌疑 suspicions about how her journalists got
their stories, but she asked no questions,
traceable adj 可溯源的 gave no instructions—nor received
traceable, recorded answers.
新题型
utter v.发出，表达；发射
His every utterance will be scrutinized.
utterance n 言论，言辞
他说的每句话都会被细查。（来自网
易有道词典）
The ways of reading indicated here are
indicate vt 表明
without doubt kinds of comprehension.
But they show comprehension to consist
not just of passive assimilation but of
assimilation n 透彻理解，吸收
active engagement in inference and
problem-solving.
Conceived in this way, comprehension
conceive vt 想象，设想 will not follow exactly the same track
for each reader.
Sections for subjects such as history,
technology or fiction might make their
retrieval easier.
retrieval n 检索
历史、科技或小说等科目的分类可能
会使检索更容易。（来自网易有道词
典）
Ideally, different kinds of reading
inform each other, and act as useful
reference points for and counterbalances
counterbalance n 抗衡，平衡 to one another.
理想的情况是,不同层面的阅读方式
相互影响,彼此之间互为有用的参考
点,相互平衡。
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Together，they make up the reading
读写能力，文化 component of your overall literacy, or
literacy n
水平 relationship to your surrounding textual
environment.
1f you are unfamiliar with words or
idiom n 成语，习语 idioms, you guess at their meaning,
using clues presented in the context.
Mouth(嘴巴)+piece(片)
mouthpiece n 代言人，喉舌 嘴巴里的一片东西→喉舌→代言人，
发言人
Look for cues about how others
perceive you.
perceive vt 察觉，注意到
要留心别人如何看待你的线索。（来
自网易有道词典）
翻译
This movement, driven by powerful and
wilderness n 荒野，荒地 diverse motivations, built a nation out
of a wilderness and by its nature, shaped
uncharted adj 未知的 the character and destiny of an
uncharted continent.
The United States is the product of two
principal forces—the immigration of
European peoples with their varied
trait n 特点，特性
ideas， customs, and national
characteristics and the impact of a new
country which modified these traits.
Of necessity, colonial America was a
projection n 心理投射；设计
projection of Europe.
But the force of geographic conditions
peculiar adj 奇怪的，异常的 peculiar to America, the interplay of the
varied national groups upon one
another, and the sheer difficulty of
maintaining old-world ways in a raw,
sheer adj 完全的，全然的 new continent caused significant
changes.
The sector is thriving again.
thriving adj 兴旺的，旺盛的 该行业再次繁荣起来。（来自网易有
道词典）
allot vt （按份额）分配 整理自：学长小谭
unbearably adv 不能忍受地 bear v.忍受
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