Curriculum Development:
Reforms
and
Enhancement
JC JUN C. GALLERA
Learning
Outcome:
gain a comprehensive
understanding of the
K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum
reform.
Republic Act 10533
- Enhanced Basic
Education Act of
2013
it is an act enhancing the Philippine
Basic Education system by
strengthening its curriculum and
increasing the number of years for
basic education appropriating funds
therefore and other purposes.
includes one (1) year of Kindergarten
education, six (6) years of
elementary education, and six (6)
years of secondary education
WHY K TO 12?
every K to 12 graduate is
ready to go into different
makes the Philippine paths – higher education,
education system at par middle-level skills development,
with the international employment, or
standard of 12-year basic entrepreneurship.
education thereby expected to be equipped with
contributing to a better- 21st-century skills like
educated society capable of information, media, and
pursuing productive technology skills, learning
employment, entrepreneurship, innovation skills, effective
or higher education studies communication skills, and life
career skills.
o n o f t h e I m p l e
n s i m e
e h e n t a
p r t i on
p
A
FIRST SECOND THIRD
it does not address the
the addition of two the additional two years basic problems in
(2) more years in are added burden for education like lack of
secondary schooling the average Filipino classrooms, chairs,
family. books, teachers, quality
teaching, and many
more.
Bases of the
K to 12
Implementation
1. Mastery of basic competencies
is insufficient due to the
congested curriculum.
2. The Philippines is the only
remaining country in Asia with a
10–year basic education program.
1. Mastery of basic competencies is
insufficient due to the congested
curriculum.
In 2005-2006 Mathematics results, only 15% of
the students acquired mastery of the
Mathematics competencies while the majority
(59.09%) of the high school students belonged to
the low mastery level. The achievement results in
Science were even more discouraging since only
3% of the 4th year high school students in
2005-2006 mastered the Science processes and
skills. The majority belonged to the low mastery
category and a few were in the near mastery
level.
In international examinations, the Philippines
performed poorly as revealed by 2003 TIMSS
(Trends in International Mathematics and
Science scores. In Grade IV Science and Math,
the Philippines ranked 23 out of 25 participating
countries. In High School II Science, the Philippines
ranked 43 out of 46 and in Math ranked 34 out
of 38.
One of the factors
that contribute to
low performance in
achievement test
is the congested basic education
curriculum.
What other countries teach in twelve
(12) years the Philippines teaches only
in ten (10) years. Ten (10) years
would not be enough to master the
competencies. Adding two years would
make possible the decongestion of the
curriculum for the comprehensive
acquisition of basic competencies and
the 21st century skills.
2. The Philippines is the only remaining
country in Asia with a 10–year basic
education program.
The short duration of the basic education program
also puts millions of overseas Filipino workers,
especially professionals, and those who intend to
study abroad at a disadvantage. Graduates of
Philippine schools are not automatically recognized as
professionals outside the country due to a lack of
two years of basic education.
Balogna Accord imposes twelve (12) years of
education for university admission and practice of
the profession in European countries.
Washington Accord prescribes twelve (12) years of
basic education as an entry to recognition of
engineering professionals.
With K to 12, Filipino professionals would have the
same competitive edge as professionals in other
countries have gone through 12 years of basic
education.
THE K TO 12 CURRICULUM
PREPARES THE STUDENTS
FOR THE WORLD OF WORK,
MIDDLE-LEVEL SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT,
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND
COLLEGE EDUCATION.
Are the existing realities enough justification
for the implementation of K to 12? Why and
why not?
c ul ar S t a nd ar ds
Curri e ct io n
stipula t e d in S
o f t h e E nh an ce
5 A ct
E d u c at io n
Basic
of 2013
c en tered, inc lusive, and
sha ll be learner -
the cu rricu lum
1 develop m e nt ally a pp r o priate;
iv e a nd r esearch-based;
a ll be relevan t, respons
2 the curriculum sh
e culture-sensitive;
all b
3 the curriculum sh
tualized and global;
rriculum shall be contex
4 the cu
c ul ar S t a nd ar ds
Curri e ct io n
stipula t e d in S
o f t h e E nh an ce
5 A ct
E d u c at io n
Basic
of 2013
he s that a re constructivist,
sh all use ped agogical approac
The curriculum ra tive and int eg rative;
lective, collabo
5 inquiry-based, re f
inc iples an d fr a mework of
u lum sha ll a dher e to the pr
The curric ca tion (M T B -M LE).
d M ultilingual Edu
e
6 Mother-T on g ue-B a s
gres sion approach to
e th e spiral pr o
all us
The curriculum sh nd skills after ea ch lev e l; and
f kn ow led ge a
7 ensure mastery o ls to localize, indig
enize
o ug h to enab le and allow schoo
iculum sha ll be fle xible en
tional and social contexts.
the curr on th eir respective educa
same b ase d
8 and enhance the
The SHS Curriculum
There are four tracks in Senior High School:
Academic tracks, TechVoc track, Sports, and
Arts and Design track.
The academic track has four strands namely:
1. Science, technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM)
2. Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS).
3. Accounting, Business and Management (ABM), and
4. General Academic Strand (GAS).
This means that the Grade 11, a student chooses
which track to pursue, and if he/she chooses the
academic he/she must also choose which strand, if
a student intends to go to college after Grade 12,
then he/she must take the academic track.
The college program in which he/she wants to
enroll determines which strand to take – STEM,
HUMMS, Sports and Arts and Design
If a Grade 12 graduate wants to pursue
TechVoc courses in Technical Educational Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), he/she the
TechVoc track.
He/she who is interested in Arts and Design will
pursue the Arts and Design track.
The Sports track will be for any sports-minded
Grade 12 graduate.
Assignment
The Philippines has implemented the K
to 12 curriculum from Kindergarten
to Grade 3 in Elementary and grades
7 to 9 in junior high.
Conduct a survey among teachers
handling those grade levels.
Ask them what they like and do not
like about the curriculum.
Ask their suggestions on how to
improve the curriculum implementation.
“By Failing to prepare,
you are preparing to
fail.” – Benjamin
Franklin
Thank you.
