序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 given prep. 鉴于 taking (sth) into account

2 sheer adj. （用于强调）十足的 complete; thorough; utter

(of a person or his behaviour) too bold or self-

3 presumptuous adj. 自以为是的
confident

4 ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的 having more than one possible meaning

5 toll n. 通行费 money paid for the use of a road, bridge, harbour, etc

6 apprise sb. of sth. phr v. 通知某人某事 inform sb of sth

7 unsympathetic (to) adj. （对主张或目标）不赞成的 be not willing to support sth

8 placate v. 安抚 make (sb) less angry; soothe or pacify

person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause,

9 advocate n. 拥护者
policy, etc

person authorized to examine books, films, plays,

letters, etc and remove parts which are considered
10 censor n. 审查者
indecent, offensive, politically unacceptable or (esp
in war) a threat to security

11 bestow v. 授予 present sth as a gift (to sb); confer

12 wrought v. 造成（某种影响或结果） make sth happen

economic system in which a country's trade and

13 capitalism n. 资本主义 industry are controlled by private owners for profit,
rather than by the State

14 implicitly adv. 不加质疑地 unquestioningly and absolutely

15 external adj. 外部的 coming from outside (a place, sb's mind, etc)

16 predate v. （在日期上）先于 exist or happen at an earlier time than sth else

1
17 discrepancy n. 差异 difference; failure to agree

involving the repeated observation or examination of

18 longitudinal adj. 纵向的 a set of subjects over time with respect to one or
more study variables

of, relating to, contained in, suitable for, or

19 archival adj. 档案的
constituting archives

compel or require (sb) by law, agreement or moral

20 oblige v. 迫使
pressure to do sth

21 commentary n. 评论 discussion or criticism of something

small, usu harmless, peculiarity or weakness in a

22 foible n. （性格上无伤大雅的）缺点
person's character

23 reproach v. 责备 criticize sb/oneself, esp for failing to do sth

24 misdeed n. 恶行 wicked act; crime

(cause sb/sth to) go in different directions; scatter;

25 disperse v. 散开
break up

26 liabilities n. 负债 debts; financial obligations

27 feline adj. 猫科的 (of or like an) animal of the cat family

28 rigid adj. 坚硬的 stiff; not bending or yielding

able to stretch easily and return to its original shape;

29 stretchy adj. 有弹性的
flexible or elastic

30 splendor n. 壮丽 sth splendid

(of things) in poor condition through much use or

31 shabby adj. 破旧的
being badly cared for

32 betrothal n. 订婚，婚约 a mutual promise or contract for a future marriage

whirling mass of water, air, etc, as in a whirlpool or

33 vortex n. 涡流
whirlwind

2
34 captive adj. 被关起来的 held as a prisoner; unable to escape

35 aerial adj. 空中的 of, relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere

36 distributary n. (从主河流分出的）分流 a river branch flowing away from the main stream

37 validate v. 证明 make (sth) logical or justifiable

38 transpose v. 调换顺序 cause (two or more things) to change places

39 entail v. 使…成为必须 make (sth) necessary; involve

(of obstacles, difficulties, etc) that cannot be

40 insurmountable adj. 无法克服的
overcome

41 haunted adj. 闹鬼的 (of a place) visited or inhabited by ghosts or spirits

of unearthly delicacy and lightness; seeming too

42 ethereal adj. 缥缈的
spiritual or fairy-like for this world

the quality of being done consciously and

43 deliberateness n. 深思熟虑
intentionally; not by accident

having the same connotations, implications, or

44 synonymous (with) adj. 和….等同的
reference

45 tempting adj. 诱人的 having an appeal

attach (a person, a society, an institution, etc) to a

46 affiliate v. 隶属
larger organization

prove (a charge, piece of evidence, etc) to be false;

47 rebut v. 反驳
refute

Not as important as something else; secondary or

48 peripheral adj. 次要的
minor in importance

talk on a moral or religious subject, usu given by a

49 sermon v. 布道
clergyman from the pulpit during a religious service

50 unadorned adj. 不加装饰的 lacking embellishment or decoration

3
例句

Given the complexity of the task, they did a good job.

The sheer size of the mountain left us in awe.

It was presumptuous of him to assume he would get the job without

an interview.

Her answer was ambiguous, leaving us unsure of her true feelings.

The toll for crossing the bridge is $5.

Please apprise me of any changes to the schedule.

Many voters are unsympathetic to the politician's promises.

The manager tried to placate the angry customers with discounts.

She is a strong advocate for environmental protection.

The government appointed a censor to review the media content.

The university will bestow an honorary degree upon the

philanthropist.

The changes in policy wrought significant improvements in the

community.

Capitalism encourages competition and innovation in the market.

He implicitly trusted her judgment without questioning it.

The external factors influenced the company's decision-making

process.

The fossils found in the area predate human civilization.

4
There was a discrepancy between the two reports that needed to be
addressed.

The longitudinal study tracked the same group of people over several
years.

The archival documents provided valuable insights into the past.

The law obliges companies to provide safe working conditions.

The documentary included expert commentary on the subject matter.

Everyone has a foible or two that makes them unique.

She reproached him for forgetting their anniversary.

He was punished for his misdeed during the company’s audit.

The crowd began to disperse after the concert ended.

The company faced significant liabilities due to the accident.

The feline grace of the cat was mesmerizing.

The rigid structure of the building made it resistant to earthquakes.

These pants are made from a stretchy material that is comfortable to

wear.

The splendor of the palace took our breath away.

The shabby furniture in the room gave it a neglected appearance.

Their betrothal was celebrated with a grand party.

The water formed a vortex as it swirled down the drain.

5
The captive animals were well cared for in the sanctuary.

From an aerial view, the city looks like a giant maze of streets and
buildings.

The Nile River splits into several distributaries as it enters the delta
region.

The research findings do not validate the claims made by the

manufacturer.

Two letters were accidentally transposed and ‘gun’ got printed as

‘gnu’.

The journey will entail driving a long distance every day.

They were now faced with seemingly insurmountable technical

problems.

The villagers believe that the old mansion is haunted.

In a translucent sky, the domes and spires of the city looked almost
ethereal.

She spoke with calm deliberateness, choosing each word carefully.

Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with happiness.

It was a tempting offer.

The group is not affiliated to any political party.

He spent most of his speech rebutting criticisms of his foreign policy.

Science is peripheral to that debate.

a talk on a moral or religious subject, usually given by a religious

leader during a service

The story is recounted in her usual unadorned style.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in

1 discourse n. (尤指对某严肃话题口头或书面的)论述
speech or writing

2 paragon n. 典范 person who is a perfect example of a quality

3 minute adj. 极详细的 very detailed; accurate or precise

4 destitute of adj. 缺乏 lacking sth

5 mimic adj. 模拟的 imitated or pretended

6 defect n. 缺陷 fault or lack that spoils a person or thing

capable of being corrected, fixed, or cured;

7 remediable adj. 可以修复的
possible to remedy

concerned with the basic or usual meaning of a

8 literal adj. 字面的
word or phrase

prohibition from doing sth by an official order of

9 interdict n. 禁令
the court

10 fidelity n. 忠诚 loyalty; faithfulness

11 engaging adj. 吸引人的 tending to draw favorable attention or interest

12 hatchling n. 刚孵化的幼崽 a recently hatched animal

13 amorphous adj. 无固定形状的，不定形的 having no definite shape or form; not organized

14 customary adj. 惯常的 according to custom; usual

15 straddle v. 跨越 to belong in part to (each of several categories)

16 overshadow v. 使...相形见绌 cause (sb) to seem less important or noticeable

1
17 belie v. 掩饰 give a wrong or an untrue idea of (sth)

act before (sb else) so as to prevent him from

18 forestall v. 预先阻止，先发制人
doing sth

19 indefatigably adv. 不屈不挠地 with tireless energy or persistence

absence of government or control in society;

20 anarchy n. 无政府状态
lawlessness

infringement or violation of a law, command, or

21 transgression n. 违反（法律或道德）
duty

in a way that is so gradual, subtle, or slight that it

22 imperceptibly adv. 难以察觉地
is almost impossible to notice.

gradually make it weaker or less likely to

23 chip away at v. 蚕食
succeed by repeated efforts

form of government in which a small group of

24 oligarchy n. 寡头统治
people hold all the power

25 relinquish v. 放弃 give up or renounce (a claim, etc); surrender sth

26 infraction n. 违法行为 breaking of a rule, law, etc

27 be on good terms with i. 与...关系融洽 be friendly with

taken away the right to vote, or the right to vote

28 disenfranchised adj. 被剥夺选举权的
for what one really wants

29 magistrate n. 地方法官 official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts

30 bribery n. 贿赂行为 the act or practice of giving or taking a bribe

thing that differs from other things or from a

31 variant n. 变体
standard

the process of becoming completely dry or the

32 desiccation n. 干燥 state of being dried out, especially as a result of
extreme heat or lack of moisture

33 obsolete adj. 过时的 no longer used; out of date

2
34 conjecture n. 猜测 an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess

35 be susceptible to adj. 易受… 影响的 easily influenced or harmed by sth

36 heretofore adv. 在此之前，此前 up to this time

in a way that is very bad or serious; to a degree

37 woefully adv. 极其（用于强调情况的糟糕）
that causes concern, disappointment, or regret

38 stricture n. 指责 severe criticism or condemnation

39 underscore v. 强调 to make evident; emphasis

to enter or advance gradually so as to be almost

40 creep v. 缓慢且不易察觉地蔓延
unnoticed

41 monumental adj. 意义深远的 large and of lastingvalue

lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern;

42 apathy n. 漠不关心
indifference

to cause a person or group to suddenly take

43 galvanize v. 刺激 action, especially by shocking or exciting them
into doing something

simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or

44 ambivalence n. 矛盾 feelings (as attraction and repulsion) toward an
object, person, or action

45 acclaim n. 称赞 acknowledge the greatness of sb/sth

ability to see what one's future needs are likely to

46 foresight n. 远见
be

not favouring one person or thing more than

47 impartial adj. 公正的
another; fair or neutral

see (sth) clearly (with the senses or the mind),

48 discern v. 识别出
esp with an effort

any of a family (Hominidae) of erect bipedal

49 hominid n. 原始人类 primate mammals comprising recent humans
together with extinct ancestral and related forms

50 illuminate v. 阐明 make (sth) clear; help to explain

3
例句

Gates responds with a lengthy discourse on deployment

strategy.

He wasn't the paragon of virtue she had expected.

The party was planned in the minutest detail.

They seem destitute of ordinary human feelings.

The insect's mimic coloring helps it blend in with the leaves

and avoid predators.

He was born with a hearing defect.

The doctor assured her that the condition was remediable with
proper treatment.

The literal meaning of ‘petrify’ is ‘turn to stone’.

They are trying to get an interim interdict to stop construction

of the road.

I had to promise fidelity to the Queen.

He was engaging company.

The sea turtle hatchlings rushed toward the ocean.

How do you measure something so amorphous that no one

agrees on its definition?

She's not her customary cheerful self today.

It straddles the line between prose and poetry.

Karen has always felt overshadowed by her famous elder sister.

4
Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union

leaders to meet.

He is indefatigably devoted to protecting human rights.

What we are witnessing is the country's slow slide into anarchy.

Who is supposed to have committed these transgressions?

The glacier is an imperceptibly slow-moving river of jagged

ice.

Constant criticism can chip away at a person’s self-confidence.

The country had to decide whether it wanted to continue on its

path of transition or to follow the path of the rule of oligarchy.

He has relinquished his claim to the throne.

Any attempt to influence the judges will be seen as an

infraction of the rules.

She’s still on good terms with her ex-boyfriend.

The new voting laws were criticized for disproportionately

affecting disenfranchised communities.

He will appear before the magistrates tomorrow.

The organization was rife with bribery and corruption.

Scientists are seeing a growing list of genes in which genetic

variants contribute to multiple diseases.

The intense heat caused the desiccation of the soil, making it

difficult for crops to grow.

Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was

invented.

5
There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the
marriage.

These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.

The company had heretofore focused solely on domestic

markets, but it recently expanded its operations internationally.

The school's textbooks are woefully out of date.

The strictures of the United Nations have failed to have any

effect on the warring factions.

The recent economic downturn underscores the importance of

having a solid financial plan.

Corruption crept into the organization over the years.

The team made a monumental effort to complete the project

ahead of schedule, working day and night for weeks.

Extreme poverty had reduced them to a state of apathy.

They have been galvanized into collective action — militarily,

politically and economically.

She felt a deep ambivalence about leaving her hometown —

excited for new opportunities, yet sad to say goodbye.

The book received great critical acclaim.

They had the foresight to invest in new technology.

Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.

It was hard to discern why this was happening.

Fossil discoveries in East Africa have provided valuable

insights into early hominid evolution.

They use games and drawings to illuminate their subject.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 accommodate v. 顾及 cater for (sth/sb); take into consideration

2 find fault with i. 找茬 look for and discover mistakes (in sb/sth)

3 discrete adj. 不连续的 separate; distinct

based on personal opinion or impulse, not on

4 arbitrary adj. 任意的
reason

5 renown n. 名誉 fame or distinction

6 mechanics n. 运作方式 processes by which sth is done or operates

7 strand n. 一缕 a single thin piece of hair, wire, thread, etc.

8 impervious adj. 不能渗透的 not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through

having pores or openings that permit liquids or

9 permeable adj. 可渗透的
gases to pass through

marked by usually continuous and productive

10 dynamic adj. 发展变化的
activity or change

11 explicable adj. 可解释的 that can be explained

doing something for enjoyment or interest, not

12 amateur adj. 业余的 as a job or for money; not professional in skill
or status

13 prevalent adj. 普遍的 existing or happening generally; widespread

process of gradually weakening sb's strength

14 attrition n. 削弱，损耗
and confidence by continuous harassment

consider sth to be caused by, written by or

15 ascribe … to phr v. 把…归因于
belonging to sb/sth

16 pronounced adj. 明显的 strongly marked

1
17 detrimental adj. 有害的 obviously harmful

speech sound produced by completely or

18 consonant n. 辅音 partially obstructing the air being breathed out
through the mouth

19 glimpse n. 一瞥 get a quick look at (sb/sth)

a primarily urban political unit having

20 municipality n. 自治市 corporate status and usually powers of self-
government

21 contend v. 主张 put forward (sth) as one's opinion; argue; assert

22 omit v. 忽略 fail or neglect to do sth; not include (sth)

23 parade n. 游行 procession of people or things

to use a particular word, expression, or name to

24 refer to … as phr v. 称…（为）
mention or describe sb/sth

25 wherein adv. 在那里 in which place or thing

26 symbiotic adj. 共生的 existing together in a way that benefits them all

27 apt adj. 合适的 unusually fitted or qualified

28 amphibian n. 两栖动物 animal able to live both on land and in water

期待
29 anticipate v. expect (sth)

constantly
30 adv. 不断地 continuously; frequently

evolve v. 逐步发展 (cause to) develop naturally and (usu)

31
gradually

mutable 易变的
32 adj. liable to change; likely to change

secluded 隐蔽的
33 adj. screened or hidden from view

2
 pervasive 无处不在的
34 adj. present and perceived everywhere; pervading

credible 可信的
35 adj. that can be believed; believable

assertive 坚定而自信的 showing a strong and confident personality;

36 adj.
asserting oneself

homogenous 同性质的
37 adj. formed of parts that are all of the same type

drink in phr. 尽情地欣赏

38 paying a lot of attention to sth and enjoying it

be meant to
39 phr v. 有意... have sth as a purpose; intend sth

predate v. （在日期上）早于
40 be before (sth/sb) in time

submerge v. 淹没
41 go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc

to seek safety, protection, or comfort in a

take refuge in v. 在…避难
42 place, person, or idea, especially during a time
of danger, difficulty, or distress

withstand v. endure (sth) without giving in, collapsing,

43 承受
wearing out, etc; resist

depart v.
44 离开 go away; leave

parlor a room used primarily for conversation or the

45 n. 前厅
reception of guests

province n.
46 责任范围 area of learning, activity or responsibility

in order phr. adj.

47 整齐的 tidy or properly organized

prompt v. 激起（感情）
48 inspire or cause (a feeling or an action)

排成一行走 march or walk in the specified direction in a

49 file v.
single line

50 saunter v. 漫步 walk in a leisurely way; stroll

3
例句

The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature

changes

I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with

my work.

Instruction manuals that break down jobs into scores of

discrete steps are essential for ensuring consistency and
accuracy in complex tasks.

The choice of players for the team seems completely

arbitrary.

Mailly's work achieved little renown.

The mechanics of the job, however, have changed little

since then.

She tried to blow a gray strand of hair from her eyes.

The floorcovering you select will need to be impervious

to water.

The skin of amphibians is permeable to water.

Political debate is dynamic.

The older I grow, the stranger and less explicable the

world appears to me.

She’s an amateur photographer who takes pictures in her

free time.

This condition is more prevalent in women than in men.

It was a war of attrition.

He ascribed his failure to bad luck.

Since then, the contrast between his two careers has

become even more pronounced.

4
The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.

A consonant is a sound such as 'p', 'f', 'n' or 't'.

He'd glimpsed her through the window as he passed.

The municipality is responsible for providing public

services such as waste collection, road maintenance, and
local law enforcement.

I would contend that the minister's thinking is flawed on

this point.

People were surprised that Smith was omitted from the

team.

The victorious team will parade through the city

tomorrow morning.

She always referred to Ben as 'that nice man'.

A riding school wherein we could learn the art of

horsemanship was all we needed.

Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with

betting.

The words of this report are as apt today as in 1929.

Frogs and newts are amphibians.

We anticipate that demand is likely to increase.

The area was constantly hit by drought.

As medical knowledge evolves, beliefs change.

The weather patterns in the region are mutable.

We found a secluded beach a few miles further on.

5
She lives with a pervasive sense of guilt.

Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?

Women have become more assertive in the past decade.

All the members of my book club share a homogenous

taste in reading so we never have any issues agreeing on
a book.

She stood drinking in the glittering view.

The decor was meant to keep the mind concentrated.

His troubles predated the recession.

The flood submerged an entire village.

They took refuge in a bomb shelter.

Such vehicles are designed to withstand chemical attack.

We departed for London at 10 am.

The parlours of the hotels were well furnished.

Industrial research is the province of the Department of

Trade and Industry.

It was her job to keep the room in order.

Her question was prompted by worries about her future.

The men filed onto the parade ground and past the
general.

He sauntered by with his hands in his pockets.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 attend v. 出席 go regularly to (a place); be present at

2 enchant v. 使（某人）陶醉 fill (sb) with great delight

遮掩
3 veil v. hide or disguise (sth)

紧急的
4 pressing adj. urgently important

5 cease v. 停止 come or bring (sth) to an end; stop

6 lullaby n. 摇篮曲 soft gentle song sung to make a child go to sleep

gaudy 花哨的
7 adj. too bright and showy, esp in a vulgar way

8 attire n. 服装 clothes; dress

9 consternation n. 惊愕 surprise and anxiety; great dismay

by everyone or in every situation; in a way that is true

10 universally adv. 普遍地
or applicable everywhere or for all people

circular opening in the centre of the iris of the eye that

11 pupil n. 瞳孔 regulates the amount of light passing to the retina by
becoming larger or smaller

12 pioneer v. 开创 open up (a way, etc)

13 contemporary n. 同时期的人 person who lives or lived at the same time as another

dub
14 v. 给（某人）起绰号 give (sb) a nickname

revere v. 崇敬 feel deep respect or (esp religious) veneration for

15
sb/sth

titan n. 成就非凡的人
16 person of great size, strength, intellect, importance, etc

1
 confound v. 使迷惑
17 puzzle and surprise (sb); perplex

identical 一模一样的
18 adj. similar in every detail; exactly alike

19 overreach v. 超过 to reach above or beyond

20 circumnavigate v. 环绕...航行 sail round (esp the world)

lacking foresight or long-term planning; having a

21 myopic adj. 目光短浅的
narrow or short-sighted view of a situation

22 ameliorate v. 改善 (cause sth to) become better

measure taken to force a country to obey international

23 sanction v. 制裁
law

to draw forth or bring out (something latent or

24 elicit v. 引发
potential)

having or relating to hypothermia, a medical condition

in which a person’s body temperature drops
25 hypothermic adj. 体温过低的
dangerously low, usually due to prolonged exposure to
cold

only slightly or indirectly related to the main topic;

26 tangential adj. 关系不大的
not directly relevant

27 reductive adj. 简化的 of, relating to, causing, or involving reduction

28 heterogeneous adj. 由不同成分组成的 made up of different kinds; varied in composition

29 quintessential adj. 典范的 representing a perfect or typical example of something

relating to Cubism, an early 20th-century art

movement characterized by the use of geometric
30 cubist adj. 立体派的
shapes and fragmented forms to represent subjects
from multiple viewpoints

of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of

31 anthropogenic adj. 人为的
human beings on nature

a quantitative statistical analysis of several separate

32 meta-analysis n. 元分析 but similar experiments or studies in order to test the
pooled data for statistical significance

in a way that can be seen, noticed, or perceived;

33 observably adv. 明显地
clearly or noticeably

2
34 shade n. 色调 (degree or depth of) colour; hue

35 signature adj. 个性化的 typical of or associated with a particular person

36 infuse v. 注入 put (a quality) into sb/sth; fill sb/sth with (a quality)

a large bird with a long beak and long legs, which

37 stork n. 鹳
lives near water

38 extant adj. 现存的 (esp of documents, etc) still in existence

39 antiquarian n. 古文物研究者 person who studies, collects or sells antiques

the science of making reliable measurements by the

40 photogrammetry n. 摄影测量技术 use of photographs and especially aerial photographs
(as in surveying)

having the shape of a polygon, which is a flat, closed

41 polygonal adj. 多边形的 figure with straight sides, such as a triangle, square, or
hexagon

42 overhang v. 悬于…之上 hang over or stand out over (sth) like a shelf

narrow horizontal shelf coming out from a wall, cliff,

43 ledge n. 水平的窄长架状突出物（如岩架，窗台）
etc

describing houses that are joined together in a row,

44 terraced adj. 联排的
sharing side walls

45 elliptical adj. 椭圆的 of, relating to, or shaped like an ellipse

the plural form of focus, meaning the fixed points

46 foci n. 焦点
used to define certain curves (like ellipses)

put (sth) forward as a fact or accept (sth) as true, esp

47 postulate v. 假定
as a basis for reasoning or argument

48 namesake n. 同名的人或物 one that has the same name as another

49 facade n. (建筑物的)正面 front (of a building)

50 renovate v. 整修 restore (esp old buildings) to good condition

3
例句

The meeting was well attended.

Dena was enchanted by the house.

He could hardly veil his contempt at my ignorance.

There is a pressing need for more funds.

That department has ceased to exist.

The lullaby had the baby fall sound asleep in half an hour.

She always buys cheap and gaudy jewellery.

Seven women dressed in their finest attire stood at the

entrance, waiting for the ceremony to begin.

To her consternation, he asked her to make a speech.

The scale of the problem is now universally recognised.

A fully dilated pupil is typically in the 4 to 8 millimeters in

size.

Professor Alec Jeffreys invented and pioneered DNA tests.

Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly

different world.

The papers dubbed them 'The Fab Four'.

The professor was revered for his immense learning.

They are considered the country's two richest business titans.

4
His behaviour amazed and confounded her.

They're wearing identical clothes.

Our initial budget estimate was overreach by the actual costs,

which led to a shortfall in funding.

For this year at least, our race to circumnavigate the globe in

less than 80 days is over.

His myopic view on the project led to a series of poor

decisions that ultimately harmed the company's long-term
prospects.

Steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation.

In 1935 the League of Nations imposed sanctions against Italy

following its invasion of Ethiopia.

The crime elicited an outcry against illicit drugs.

The hiker became hypothermic after spending several hours in

the freezing rain and needed immediate medical attention.

Too much time was spent discussing tangential issues.

His reductive approach to understanding climate change,

which focused solely on carbon emissions, ignored the many
other factors that contribute to this global issue.

The class is quite heterogeneous, with students coming from

diverse backgrounds and having varying levels of academic
preparation.

This was quintessential Midwestern farming country.

Picasso is one of the most famous Cubists in art history.

The increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is a

major contributor to global climate change.

The meta-analysis combined the results of several studies to

provide a more comprehensive understanding of the
effectiveness of the new treatment.

The patient was observably in pain despite trying to stay calm.

5
The walls were painted in two shades of green.

Rabbit stew is one of chef Giancarlo Moeri's signature dishes.

Many of the girls seemed to be infused with excitement on

seeing the snow.

A stork was seen gracefully flying over the wetland.

Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still

extant.

The antiquarian spent years collecting rare books and artifacts.

The archaeologists used photogrammetry to create a 3D model

of the ancient ruins without disturbing the site.

The artist drew a polygonal shape on the canvas.

The cliff overhangs the beach.

She had climbed onto the ledge outside his window.

They live in a terraced house near the city center.

The stadium is elliptical in plan.

The ellipse has two foci, and the sum of the distances from
any point on the ellipse to these two foci is constant.

The school building programme postulates an increase in

educational investment.

Notre-Dame Cathedral in Senlis is less famous than its

namesake in Paris.

The museum's east facade faces the park.

The couple spent thousands renovating the house.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 lineage n. 家系 line of descent from an ancestor; ancestry

2 prevalence n. 普遍程度 the quality or state of being prevalent

the merging of distinct technologies, industries, or

3 convergence n. 融合
devices into a unified whole

4 indigenous adj. 本土的 belonging naturally (to a place); native

5 reduplication n. 重复（尤指词或音节） an act or instance of doubling or reiterating

revealing or indicating something, often something

6 telltale adj. 泄露内情的
that is hidden or secret.

7 elevated adj. (土地、建筑等）高出周围的 raised especially above the ground or other surface

8 rim n. 边沿 edge or border of sth that is (approximately) circular

9 withdrawal n. 抽取 removal from a place of deposit or investment

10 vicinity n. 附近地区 the surrounding district; neighbourhood

(of a statement, an excuse, etc) seeming to be right

11 plausible adj. （解释或说法）看似合理的
or reasonable; believable

in a calm, objective, and impartial way; without

12 dispassionately adv. 不带感情地
strong emotion, bias, or personal involvement

13 at once phr adv. 同时 at the same time

having the same connotations, implications, or

14 be synonymous with ... phr v. 等同于...
reference

15 embrace v. 欣然接受 accept or take (an idea, etc) willingly

16 prolific adj. （作家、画家或作曲家）作品丰富的 (of a writer, an artist, etc) producing many works

1
 to make or produce (as a work of art) especially by
17 execute v. 制作，创作（艺术品）
carrying out a design

18 manner n. 方式 way in which a thing is done or happens

sth which has been developed or obtained from

19 derivative n. 衍生物
something else

feature or facility of a place that makes life there

20 amenity n. 生活福利设施
easy or pleasant

21 champion v. 拥护 support the cause of (sb/sth); defend vigorously

aim, principle or movement that is strongly

22 cause n. 事业
defended or supported

23 tread v. 踩紧 press or crush sth with the feet

24 lowly adj. 卑微的 of humble rank or condition

25 plead v. 再三恳求，请求 make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth)

26 fallen n. 阵亡士兵 soldiers who have died in battle

being sent away from one's native country or home,

27 exile n. 流放者
esp for political reasons or as a punishment

28 crimson n. 深红色 (of a) deep red

29 asymmetrical adj. 不对称的 not symmetrical

hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of

30 impede v. 阻碍
(sb/sth)

31 boreal adj. 北方的 of, relating to, or located in northern regions

32 cessation n. 停止，终止 action or act of ceasing; pause

to accept or endure (something, such as a duty,

33 bear v. 承担（责任） responsibility, or burden), especially something
serious or challenging

2
 person's name that is not his real name, esp one used
34 pseudonym n. 笔名
by an author; pen-name

35 align ... with ... phr v. 使...与...一致 to bring into agreement or alliance

36 venerate v. 敬重 respect (sb/sth) deeply; regard as sacred

37 bolster v. 增强 give support to sb/sth; strengthen or reinforce sth

38 marvel at phr v. 对... 大为惊叹 be very surprised (and often admiring)

show pain, distress or embarrassment by a slight

39 wince v. (因疼痛或因看到、听到或记起不快之事而)皱起脸 involuntary movement, esp of the muscles in the
face

very large group (esp of people); huge crowd;

40 horde n. 一大帮人
throng

make (aims, statements, ideas, etc) agree when they

41 reconcile v. 调和（两种信仰、事实或要求）
seem to conflict

the act or an instance of placing two or more things

42 juxtaposition n. （形成反差的物体、形象或想法的）并置
side by side

to hold someone’s attention completely, as if by

43 mesmerize v. 迷住
magic or spell; to fascinate or captivate

44 inextricable ad. 分不开的 so closely linked that separation is impossible

45 hoax n. 恶作剧 mischievous trick played on sb for a joke

46 perpetrate v. 犯（罪或错误） commit (a crime, etc)

47 mischievous adj. 恶意的 (of a thing) causing harm or damage

a work that contains information on all branches of

knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular
48 encyclopedia n. 百科全书
branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged
alphabetically often by subject

49 entry n. 条目 item written in a list, a diary, an account book, etc

50 profound adj. 深远的 deep, intense or far-reaching

3
例句

She traced her lineage back to a famous scholar from the

Ming Dynasty.

The relative prevalence of different languages varies

greatly between regions.

The convergence of technology and healthcare has led to

innovative medical treatments.

Indigenous people protect their land.

In English, words like “bye-bye” show reduplication.

Her telltale smile gave away her surprise.

An elevated platform on the stage collapsed during

rehearsals.

She looked at him over the rim of her glass.

Subsurface salt withdrawal can cause craterlike

depressions in the landscape.

There were a hundred or so hotels in the vicinity of the

railway station.

That explanation seems entirely plausible to me.

He sets out the facts coolly and dispassionately.

She can play the piano and sing at once.

Paris has always been synonymous with elegance, luxury

and style.

He embraces the new information age.

She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.

4
His paintings were executed with greater attention to
detail.

She smiled again in a friendly manner.

This isn't an entirely new car, but a new derivative of the

Citroen XM.

People who retire to the country often miss the amenities

of a town, eg libraries, cinemas, etc.

He passionately championed the poor.

Her life was devoted to the cause of justice.

She tread the earth down around the roots after planting.

He was annoyed by his lowly status.

He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding

attitude.

Work began on establishing the cemeteries as permanent

memorials to the fallen.

There were many French exiles in England after the

Revolution.

The sky turned crimson at sunset.

The artist's painting was striking with its asymmetrical

composition.

Fallen rock is impeding the progress of rescue workers.

The boreal forest stretches across northern Canada.

The bombardment continued without cessation.

As the team leader, she had to bear the responsibility for

the project's success or failure.

5
Both plays were published under the pseudonymof Philip
Dayre.

Thomson aligned his political views with the republican

ideals of the ancient world.

The community venerates the old temple.

Hopes of an early cut in interest rates bolstered confidence.

Her fellow members marveled at her seemingly infinite

energy.

Every time he put any weight on his left leg, he winced in

pain.

This attracts hordes of tourists to Las Vegas.

We suggest that it is possible to reconcile these apparently

opposing perspectives.

This juxtaposition of brutal reality and lyrical beauty runs

through Park's stories.

He was absolutely mesmerized by the singer on television.

Art and life are inextricable.

The bomb threat turned out to be a hoax, but it still caused

a lot of panic.

The criminals are believed to have perpetrated the fraud

over several years.

The Foreign Office dismissed the story as mischievous and

false.

I found all the information I needed in the online

encyclopedia.

He made an entry in his journal about his trip to Paris.

Her profound understanding of the subject impressed

everyone in the class.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 fictitious adj. 虚构的 imagined or invented; not real

(of people or conduct) careful to do what one ought to do,

2 conscientious adj. 认真的
and do it as well as one can

easy to understand or do; without complications or

3 straightforward adj. 简单易懂的
difficulties

4 augment v. 增强 make (sth) larger in number or size; increase

5 lament v. 哀悼 feel or express great sorrow or regret for (sb/sth)

6 stipulate v. 规定 state (sth) clearly and firmly as a requirement

7 equivocal adj. 模棱两可的 having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous

8 copious adj. 大量的 plentiful; abundant

9 preliminary adj. 初步的 coming before a more important action or event; preparatory

happening or seen only occasionally or in a few places;

10 sporadic adj. 零星的
occurring irregularly

11 sac n. （动植物组织中的）囊 bag-like part of an animal or plant

12 respiratory adj. 呼吸的 relating to breathing

person sent to deliver a message (often an unpleasant or a

13 emissary n. 特使
secret one) or to conduct negotiations

14 proxy n. 代理人 person authorized to act on behalf of another

15 subordinate n. 下级 person who is subordinate tosb else

person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is

16 harbinger n. （常指坏的）预兆
coming

1
 the adding together of interest or different investments over
17 accrual n. （财富、资金等的）逐渐增加
a period of time

18 showcase v. 展示 to exhibit especially in an attractive or favorable aspect

19 prominent adj. 杰出的 distinguished or important

a large important organization such as a university, church,

20 institution n. 机构
or bank

21 considerably adv. 相当大地 to a large degree or extent; significantly

22 forage v. 觅食 search or hunt for sth, esp food and supplies

23 lunar adj. 月亮的 of the moon

24 vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的 that can be hurt, wounded or injured

25 default n. 拖欠（债务等） fail to pay (a debt, etc)

(of a nation, state, ruler) fully independent and self-

26 sovereign adj. （指民族、国家等）完全独立自主的
governing; having total power

of or related to government money or public money, usu

27 fiscal adj. 财政的
taxes

organization of supplies and services, etc for any complex

28 logistics n. 后勤（指组织和管理资源的过程）
operation

29 nuance n. 细微差别 subtle difference in meaning, colour, feeling, etc

30 assemble v. 收集 to collect

31 insight n. 洞察力 an accurate and deep understanding of sth

32 feign v. 假装 pretend (sth)

33 lure v. 引诱 attract or tempt (a person or an animal)

2
34 scramble v. 打乱 mix (things) together in an untidy way; jumble sth up

35 accustomed (to) adj. 习惯的 be used to sth

36 account n. 叙述 report; description

37 supplant v. 取代 take the place of (sb/sth); replace

38 howl v. 吼叫 loud cry of a person expressing pain, scorn, amusement, etc

39 finalize v. 把（计划、协议等）最后定下来 to put in final or finished form

allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be

40 transparent adj. 透明的
seen clearly

41 translucent adj. 半透明的，透光的 allowing light to pass through but not transparent

42 opaque adj. 不透明的 not allowing light to pass through; not transparent

43 account for phr v. （数量或比例上）占 To make up or form a particular amount or part of sth

44 label n. 唱片公司 a company that produces and sells CDs

45 garner v. 收集 collect sth in and (usu) store it

46 hub n. 中心 central point of activity, interest or importance

47 stratigraphic adj. 岩层的 of, relating to, or determined by stratigraphy

48 gauge v. 评估 make a judgement about (sth)

a sport in which two competitors fight each other using very

49 fencing n. 击剑
thin swords

50 fraudulent adj. 欺诈的 characterized by, based on, or done by fraud

3
例句

The novel is set in a fictitious world.

She has always been a very conscientious worker.

The instructions were straightforward, making it easy to

assemble the furniture.

The new software features augmented the user experience

significantly.

The professor lamented the loss of an important resource for the

research.

The contract stipulated that all payments must be made by the

end of the month.

The experiment produced equivocal results.

The storm produced a copious amount of rain.

The preliminary results of the experiment are encouraging.

The sound of sporadic shooting could still be heard.

The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs.

If you smoke, then the whole respiratory system is constantly

under attack.

She acted as the president's personal emissary to the union

leaders.

Since I wouldn't be available to vote, I nominated him to act as

my proxy.

Nearly all her subordinates adored her.

The November air stung my cheeks, a harbinger of winter.

4
The accrual of wealth over time can lead to significant economic
power.

The museum is showcasing contemporary art from various

cultures.

She is one of the most prominent scientists in the field of

genetics.

Universities are among the most influential institutions in

society.

The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.

The deer were foraging for food in the early morning fog.

The lunar cycle affects many species' reproductive behaviors.

Old people are particularly vulnerable to the flu.

The company's default on its loan led to significant financial

losses.

The nation exercised its sovereign rights to govern without

external interference.

The government is planning to implement new fiscal policies to

stabilize the economy.

The logistics of organizing a large event can be complex and

time-consuming.

The actor's performance was full of nuance, capturing the

complexity of the character.

The team is assembling data from various sources for their

research project.

The book gave me valuable insight into the complexities of

human behavior.

She feigned surprise when she received the unexpected gift.

The fisherman used a worm to lure the fish into the net.

5
The teacher scrambled the questions to make the quiz more
challenging.

She is accustomed to living on the farm

She gave the police a detailed account of what happened.

He may be supplanted by a younger man.

Activists are howling (in protest) over the court's decision.

We bought our tickets and finalized our vacation plans.

Glass is transparent, allowing light to pass through it easily.

The frosted glass was translucent, allowing some light to pass

through but obscuring the view.

The window was covered with opaque curtains that blocked all
light.

Women account for only 25 percent of our employees.

She signed a contract with a new music label that specializes in

indie artist.

The film garnered critical acclaim for its powerful storytelling

and direction.

The airport is a major hub for international flights, connecting

passengers to destinations worldwide.

The stratigraphic layers of the canyon reveal a detailed history of

the Earth's geological past.

The company used customer feedback to gauge the success of its

new product.

She took up fencing as a way to stay active and learn a new skill.

The investor lost a significant amount of money due to a

fraudulent scheme.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义

1 falsehood n. 谎言 untrue statement; lie

Artists or writers who aim to depict life and

2 realist n. 现实主义者 people as they really are, without idealization or
exaggeration

(in the rural areas of some countries) farmer

3 peasant n. 农民 owning or renting a (usu small) piece of land
which he cultivates himself

the artistic movement of the eighteenth and

nineteenth centuries which was concerned with
4 romanticism n. 浪漫主义
the expression of the individual's feelings and
emotions

5 manifest adj. 明显的 clear and obvious

6 descent n. 出身 origins; ancestry

7 drawback n. 缺点 an objectionable feature

tough flexible tissue in a person's or an animal's

8 ligament n. 韧带 body that connects bones and holds organs in
position

earlier decision, case, event, etc that is regarded

9 precedent n. 先例
as an example or rule for what comes later

Sharing the same location or being situated near

10 colocation n. 并置
one another

(process of) making sb/sth appear foolish or

11 ridicule v. 嘲弄
absurd; scorn

12 cast-iron adj. 坚定不移的 not admitting change, adaptation, or exception

a person who shares the position of chairperson

13 cochair n. 联合主席 with one or more others in leading a committee,
meeting, or organization

long bridge, usu with many arches, carrying a

14 viaduct n. 高架桥 road or railway across a valley or dip in the
ground

15 exhilarated adj. 兴奋的 feeling very happy and excited

deep narrow steep-sided valley between

16 ravine n. 山涧
mountains

1
17 bough n. 大树枝 any of the main branches of a tree

(piece of) land covered with grass and similar

18 pasture n. 牧场
plants, suitable for grazing animals

19 fictive adj. 虚构的 of, relating to, or capable of imaginative creation

express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings,

20 embody v. 体现
etc)

21 ignoble adj. 卑鄙的 not honourable in character or purpose; shameful

22 cynicism n. 愤世嫉俗 the belief that people always act selfishly

23 likability n. 受喜爱程度 how much people like sb/sth

to include or consider something as part of a

24 factor in phr. v. 将……纳入考虑
calculation, decision, or analysis

mitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or

25 luminous adj. 发亮的
glowing light

26 galactic adj. 星系的 relating to galaxies

central part, around which other parts are

27 nucleus n. 核心
grouped or collected

28 formation n. 形成 organizing and developing (of sth)

not appropriate or not suitable for a particular

29 ill-suited adj. 不适合的
purpose or situation

30 elevation n. 海拔 height (of a place), esp above sea-level

31 wreak havoc phr. v. 造成严重破坏 to cause a lot of trouble, damage, or disruption

the act of distributing or assigning resources,

32 allocation n. 分配 tasks, or responsibilities to specific people,
purposes, or places

relating to the basic physical and organizational

structures and facilities (such as buildings, roads,
33 infrastructural adj. 基础设施的
power supplies) needed for the operation of a
society or enterprise

2
34 courtly adj. 宫廷的 elegant, refined, or associated with noble courts

thoughts, reflections, or deep considerations

35 musings n. 沉思
about sth

36 fond adj. (回忆)愉快的 pleasant

37 windowpane n. 窗玻璃 a piece of glass in the window of a building

river or stream that flows into a larger one or

38 tributary n. 支流
into a lake

39 deflection n. 偏转 a turning aside or off course

40 intentionally adv. 故意地 done on purpose; deliberately

thing or part of a thing taken as an example of its

41 specimen n. 标本 group or class (esp for scientific research or for a
collection)

group of animals or plants within a family, often

42 genus n. 属（生物分类）
itself subdivided into several species

43 encompass v. 包含 include or comprise sth

44 dock v. 停靠 to haul or guide into or alongside a dock

45 safeguard v. 保卫 protect or guard sb/sth

46 thematic adj. 主题的 of or related to a theme

47 subtlety n. 微妙之处 the small but important details or aspects of sth

the process or result of becoming more complex,

48 sophistication n. (机器、方法的)精密
developed, or subtle

49 throb v. （强烈有节奏地）跳动 vibrate or sound with a persistent rhythm

try to tempt or persuade sb, usu by offering sth

50 entice v. 诱使
pleasant or a reward

3
例句

The article was filled with falsehoods that misled

many readers.

The realists' emphasis on accurately portraying

working people was a rejection of romanticism.

The painting captures the life of a peasant working

in the fields.

Romanticism in art often idealizes its subjects,

emphasizing beauty and emotion.

The drawbacks of her ancestry became manifest as

she grew older.

Her descent from a celebrated poet brought both

pride and pressure.

One drawback of fame is the constant scrutiny from

the public.

The lion's flexible hyoid is attached to the skull with

a stretchy ligament.

There are substantial precedents for using interactive

media in training.

The study analyzed colocation patterns of different

businesses in urban areas.

George ridiculed the idea that Harris had done any

real work on the boat.

George had a cast-iron opinion that he alone had

done all the labor.

Gloria Richardson became the cochair of the

Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee.

The narrator perceives the great viaduct of Point du

Jour blocking the river.

The narrator is exhilarated by the opportunity to

explore an unknown place.

A dry ravine emerged under boughs into the pasture.

4
I rested my fishing rod against a pine bough.

The cows are eating grass in the pasture.

The story is set in a fictive world with imaginary

creatures.

The candidates were portrayed as embodying a

personality trait.

Candidates with ignoble traits were less likable.

Cynicism was considered an ignoble trait in the

study.

The survey recorded participants’ ratings of the

candidates' likability.

When the researchers factored in the participants'

own personality-trait scores, they reached a new
conclusion.

It is one of the most luminous and unstable stars in

our Galaxy.

Quasars are luminous galactic nuclei powered by

supermassive black holes.

The fortress was the nucleus of the ancient city.

Scientists study the formation of the universe to

understand how everything began.

Conditions in the early universe are believed to have

been ill-suited to quasar formation.

Water boils at different temperatures depending on

elevation.

Lower boiling points at higher elevations can wreak

all sorts of havoc on recipes.

The allocation of a new country dialing prefix

(+420) was among the infrastructural changes
necessitated by the Czech Republic's 1992 split from
Czechoslovakia.

Infrastructural development is essential for economic

growth.

5
Sei Shonagon's Pillow Book is filled with daily
observations of courtly life.

Her musings on life were very insightful.

I have very fond memories of living in our village.

The sculpture zone appears as illuminated

windowpanes sitting on the forest floor.

The Skwentna River and other tributaries feed the

Susitna River.

Scientists studying asteroid deflection have focused

on secondary objects such as moonlets.

NASA intentionally crashed a probe into a moonlet

to alter its orbit.

Wankel Rex is a fossil specimen from the Late

Cretaceous period.

Wankel Rex is a member of the genus

Tyrannosaurus.

The refuge encompasses 457 acres.

In docked bike sharing, riders return bikes to

designated docking stations.

The Nestucca Bay NWR was established to

safeguard an endangered species.

The thematic structure of a text shows how its main

ideas are organized.

His fascination with the subtleties of human

behaviour makes him a good storyteller.

Given the sophistication of modern machines, there

is little that cannot be successfully washed at home.

The club was throbbing to the beat of the music.

Retailers have tried almost everything to entice

shoppers through their doors.

6
序号 单词 词性 中文释义 英文释义 例句

In the future we envision a federation of

1 envision v. 想象 to picture to oneself
companies.

defensive wall round a fort, etc consisting

We went on a walk along the ramparts of the Old
2 rampart n. 城墙 of a wide bank of earth with a path for
City.
walking along the top

3 atop prep. 在…顶上 at or on the top of (sth) A seagull perched atop the mast.

4 shroud n. 遮蔽物 thing that covers and hides The organization is cloaked in a shroud of secrecy.

to make a situation or problem more His unclear explanation only raveled the issue
5 ravel v. 使更复杂
complicated further.

move suddenly and quickly in the

6 dart v. 猛冲 The mouse darted away when I approached.
specified direction

point in the heavens directly above an

7 zenith n. 天顶（太阳或月亮在天空中的最高点） The sun rises, reaches its zenith and sets.
observer

To his delight a familiar, tall, languid figure

8 languid adj. 无精打采的 lacking vigour or energy; slow-moving
lowered itself down the steps of a club.

The factory's workforce has dwindled from over

9 dwindle v. （逐渐）减少 to become gradually less or smaller
4,000 to a few hundred.

Religious practices are permissible under the

10 permissible adj. 容许的 that is or may be allowed
Constitution.

Building a bridge across the ocean is currently

11 infeasible adj. 不可行的 impracticable
infeasible.

in a way that shows the feeling that

12 disdainfully adv. 鄙视地 somebody/something is not good enough She glanced disdainfully at the messy room.
to deserve your respect or attention

person who has suddenly risen to wealth

Many prefer a familiar authority figure to a young
13 upstart n. 暴发户 or a high position, esp one who behaves
upstart.
arrogantly and causes resentment

14 provincial n. 地方居民 native or inhabitant of the provinces Whenever I go to London, I feel like a provincial.

a person who takes part in a contest or The contestant smiled nervously before the talent
15 contestant n. 参赛者
competition show began.

16 ascend v. 攀登 go or come up Her heart was thumping as she ascended the stairs.

1
 frame made of long metal tubes put up
next to a building so that builders, The workers stood on the scaffold to paint the
17 scaffold n. 脚手架
painters, etc can work on it, or to support building.
a platform

manifesting, feeling, or expressing

18 contemptuous adj. 鄙视的 She gave a contemptuous little laugh.
contempt

Her dedication and hard work epitomize the spirit

19 epitomize v. 成为…的典范（或典型） to be a perfect example of sth
of the team.

Belief in the utility of higher education is shared

20 utility n. 实用；效用；有用 the quality of being useful
by students nationwide.

The scientist’s theory faced strong repudiation

21 repudiation n. 否定 the act of refusing to accept sth
from the academic community.

The school adopted a new approach to language

22 approach n. 方法 way of dealing with a person or thing teaching that focuses on communication rather
than grammar drills.

an ability to recover from or adjust easily He showed great courage and resilience in fighting
23 resilience n. 恢复力
to misfortune or change back from a losing position to win the game.

The singer damaged her larynx after singing for

24 larynx n. 喉 the area at the top of the throat
hours without rest.

(cause sth to) move rapidly and

25 vibrate v. 振动 continuously backwards and forwards; The atmosphere seemed to vibrate with tension.
shake

It is the school’s duty to articulate its practices to

26 articulate v. 清楚表达 speak (sth) clearly and distinctly
parents.

She pointed out all the salient features of the

27 salient adj. 显著的；突出的 most noticeable or important; main
building.

confirm or give support to (a statement, I had access to a wide range of documents which
28 corroborate v. 证实（陈述、理论等）
belief, theory, etc) corroborated the story.

be able to afford to give (time, money, She said that she could only spare 35 minutes for
29 spare v. 拨出时间或者金钱
etc) (to sb for a purpose) our meeting.

sth that can be dangerous or cause

30 hazard n. 危险；危害 Smoking is a serious health hazard.
damage

We should respect the territorial integrity of the

31 integrity n. 完整 condition of being whole or undivided
nation.

They alleviated the boredom of waiting by singing

32 alleviate v. 减轻 make (sth) less severe; ease
songs.

The problems of traffic congestion will not

33 congestion n. （交通）拥塞；塞车 state of being congested
disappear in a hurry.

2
 something that is irregular (as improper Investigators found no evidence of financial
34 irregularity n. 不合乎常规的行为
or dishonest conduct) irregularity.

35 rhyme v. （词或音节）押韵 (of words or lines of verse) form a rhyme ‘Though’ rhymes with ‘low’.

possession of common features or

36 commonality n. 共性 We don't have the same commonality of interest.
attributes

37 albeit adv. 即使 conceding the fact that : even though I tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to contact him.

38 propulsive adj. 推动的 tending or having power to propel The engine produces the propulsive force.

The ideas of order, security, family, religion and

39 resonance n. 共鸣 a quality of evoking response country had the same resonance for them as for
Michael.

(of a person) clever at finding new or

40 ingenious adj. （指人）善於用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的 Gautier's solution to the puzzle is ingenious.
simple solutions for complex problems

giving or showing great precision and The painting had been executed with meticulous
41 meticulous adj. 一丝不苟的
care; very attentive to detail attention to detail.

disturb the normal calm state of (sth/sb);

42 unsettle v. 使不安 Our move to another house unsettled the children.
upset

It is an affecting drama about a woman with a

43 affecting adj. 感人的 evoking a strong emotional response
terminal illness.

44 pristine adj. 原始状态的 in its original condition; unspoilt This is a pristine copy of the book's first edition.

moving, or the ability to move, from Flight is the form of locomotion that puts the
45 locomotion n. 运动
place to place greatest demands on muscles.

give form or shape to sth; design or make Stone Age settlers fashioned necklaces from
46 fashion v. 制作
sth sheep's teeth.

This behaviour is not any more becoming among

47 becoming adj. （行为）得体的 attractively suitable
our politicians than it is among our voters.

collection of written (or sometimes

48 corpus n. 语料库 They are analyzing a corpus of spoken dialect.
spoken) texts

point or state very close to sth unknown, Failure to communicate had brought the two
49 brink n. 边缘
dangerous or exciting nations to the brink of war.

action of dividing or state of being

The partition of the empire led to years of conflict
50 partition n. 分割 divided into parts, esp the division of one
between the newly formed states.
country into two or more nations

3
note v. 注意
到
argue that
v.认为，主张：用
于表达某人的观点
或看法

evince v.
表明，表现，显示
（感情或品质）

impertine
nt adj. 不礼貌
的
1. unjust
2. by all
means ❌
3. means
4. at any
rate ❌
5.
amorphou
s❌
6. to a
certain
degree
7.
suspensio
n❌
8. tellingly
❌
9. coarse
❌
10.
discrepan
cy ❌
11. with
regard for
❌
12.
exaggerat
e❌和
exact/exp
and
13.
14.
15.
resemble：
similar
16. behold
❌
17.
manifest 🆚
manipulat
e❌

18.
universal
19. while
20.
morally
adv. 道德上的

without
regard for
prep. 不考虑，
不顾及
unjust adj.
不公平的；非正义
的
by all
means 尽一
切办法
at any
rate 无论如何
amorphou
s adj. 难以归
类的：奇怪的

to a ..
degree 在。
。。的程度

1.
undermin
2.
exaggerat
3. without
regard for
4.
customary
5.
amorphou
s
6.
7.
desiccatio
n
8.
suspensio
n❌
9. tellingly
❌
10. coarse
❌
11. given
12.
ambiguou
13.
predate
14.
discrepan
cy ❌
15.
archival
16.
liability ❌
17. feline
18. aerial
19.
validate
20.
ethereal ❌
1. grief n.
悲伤，悲痛
2.
part（from
somebody
） v.分离；离开
某人
3. intense
adj. 强烈的
4. inter- 相
互的；相互地：

5.
interactiv
e：adj. 交互式
的；互动的

6.
scratch：v.
划下（或擦去）痕
迹
7.
caution：v.
提醒;告诫;警告

8.
corpora/co
rpus：（书面或
口语的）文集，文
献，汇编；语料库

encode ❌
8.
subject 🆚
subjective
9.
mutation
10.
resemble❌

11. behold
❌
12.
manifest ❌
🆚
manipulat
e
13.
anthorial
❌
14.
authentici
ty ❌
15.
otherwise
❌
16.
universal
17. spatial
18.
speculate
19.
persistent
20.oppres
sive ❌
1. behold
v.look at
or see
2. regard
v. look at
somebody
/somethin
g,
especially
in a
particular
way
3.
manifest=
clear adj.
明显的；显而易见
的
4.
authority
n. 权力；威权

5.
authorial
adj.作者的；作
家的
6.
authentici
ty n. 真实性；
确实性
7.
otherwise
adv. 否则；不
然
8. account
n. 说明，叙述

amenities
❌
4.
precursor
5.
scramble❌

6.
straddle
❌（～
between
the
7. line）
precedent
❌
8. sloth ❌
9.
conceptua
lization ❌
10.
oppressiv
e❌