NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND WATER ENGINEERING
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
TCW/ECW 3107
Examination Paper
JUNE 2023
This examination paper consists of 4 pages
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Total Marks: 100
Special Requirements: Graph paper
Examiner’s Name: Mr Z K Mkwananzi
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer any four (4) questions
2. Each question carries 25 marks
3. Use of calculators is permissible
MARK ALLOCATION
QUESTION MARKS
1. 25
2. 25
3. 25
4. 25
5. 25
TOTAL 100
Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2023
Page 1 of 5
QUESTION 1
(a) An open vessel is filled with water density = 1000kg/m3 see first sketch
below. What is the pressure in Pascals at the point A & B? (ignore external
pressure) g = 9,8m/s2 – Point A @ 1.5m below free water surface, Point B at
3m below free water surface. (10 marks)
(b) A closed vessel is filled with water density = 1000kg/m3 see 2nd sketch
below. What is the pressure in Pascals at the point A & B? (Vertical External
pressure of 10 000 pa at position shown) g = 9,8m/s 2 (10 marks)
(c) Express these pressures obtained in part (b) as pressure heads in metres
(5 marks)
Page 2 of 5
QUESTION 2
(a) Describe and discuss the types and places of occurrence of major losses and
minor losses in a pressure pipeline (10 marks)
(b) Water flows in a gravity mild steel pipe 3kms long and 350mm diameter.
What head loss and discharges can be expected if the velocity of the water is
v= 1m/s, = 2m/s, =2.5 m/s respectively friction coef f=0.02 constant
(15marks)
QUESTION 3
(a)Water Hammer – Discuss in detail with the help of a sketch the meaning and
cause of the phenomenon water hammer effect with the specific case of
discharge of water from a reservoir into a pipeline,. Discuss mitigation measures
of water hammer effect in gravity mains and pumping mains and draw sketches
of orifices or devices used to counter it.
(15 ma
rks)
(b)Cavitation – Describe in detail the meaning and cause of the phenomenon
cavitation in water pipelines, pumping systems and turbines and the resultant
damaging effects. 10
marks)
QUESTION 4
(a) With the aid of neat sketches distinguish between the centrifugal and axial
flow pumps
(4 marks)
(b) Describe a method which can be used to prevent cavitation in a pump
(3 marks)
(c) A water pump was tested at a rotation of 1200rpm. The following data was
obtained
Q (L/s) 0 15 25 35 45 55
H (m) 10 10 9.5 9 7 3
Ƞ 0.0 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.70 0.40
(Q is the quantity of flow, H is the head of water,Ƞ is efficiency)
Page 3 of 5
It is proposed to use this pump to draw water from an open sump to an
elevation 6.0m above. The delivery pipe is 50m long and 100mm diameter
and has a friction factor of 0.007
If operating at 1200rpm, find:
(i) The maximum discharge that the pump can provide
(ii) The pump efficiency at this discharge
(iii) The input power required
(10 marks)
(d) A pump lifts water from a large tank at a rate of 30L/s. If the input power is
15kW and the pump is operating at an efficiency of 50%, find:
(i) The head developed across the pump
(ii) The maximum height to which it can raise water if the delivery pipe
is vertical, with diameter 150mm and friction factorʎ = 0.020
(8 marks)
QUESTION 5
(a) Describe with sketches and list the different types of weirs and flumes
used to measure channel flow. (8 marks)
(b)Calculate the flow rate in m3/s through a Parshall flume with dimensions as
follows: width 150mm approach head H a = 600mm use formula Q = 0.381x H 1.58
m3/s
(4 marks)
(c)A culvert is installed on a slope of 0.01. It is designed to discharge 7.5m3/sec
at the maximum head water elevation of 4.8m. Determine the diameter of the
corrugated steel pipe to be used if the length of the culvert is 12m. Assume a
well rounded entrance.
(5 marks)
(d)List the three formulae used for the calculation of anticipated flood discharge
at any point on a river. (3 marks)
(e)Using Mannings formula calculate the anticipated flood level m3/sec in a river
channel given the following conditions and parameters: (5 marks)
Slope of river bed = 1 in 1000
Manning roughness coefficient = 0.034
D = 1.5m
Page 4 of 5
1
1.5
B=5m
END OF EXAMINATION
Page 5 of 5
