I.

Read the text:

Modern machines have revolutionized agriculture, making farming more efficient, productive, and
sustainable. These machines, which include tractors, combine harvesters, seed drills, sprayers, and
irrigation systems, help farmers carry out tasks that were once time-consuming and labor-intensive
with greater speed and precision.

Tractors are among the most versatile agricultural machines, used for plowing, tilling, planting, and
hauling. Modern tractors are equipped with GPS technology and automation systems that improve
accuracy and reduce fuel consumption. Combine harvesters, which can cut, thresh, and clean grain
crops in a single pass, greatly reduce the time and labor required during harvest season.

Precision farming tools, such as drones and satellite-guided machinery, allow farmers to monitor
crop health, apply fertilizers and pesticides only where needed, and conserve resources. Automated
irrigation systems help deliver water efficiently, minimizing waste and improving crop yields.

These technological advancements not only increase food production but also reduce the
environmental impact of farming. By using data and smart equipment, farmers can make better
decisions that lead to healthier crops and more sustainable practices.

Overall, modern machines have become essential in agriculture, helping to meet the growing global
demand for food while protecting the planet’s natural resources.

Exercise 1: Multiple Choice

What is the main advantage of using modern machines in agriculture?

a) They make farming more expensive

b) They increase the need for manual labor

c) They improve efficiency and productivity

d) They reduce the use of technology

Exercise 2: Decide if the statements are True or False.

a) Modern tractors can use GPS and automation systems.

b) Combine harvesters are only used for planting seeds.

c) Precision farming helps save resources like water and fertilizer.

Exercise 3: Short Answer

1. Why are precision farming tools important in modern agriculture?

Exercise 4: Match the words with the definitions:

Versatile efficient precision revolutionized automation sustainable

yield environmental impact fertilizers thresh

1. ………………………… – Completely changed something in a way that makes it much better or

more efficient.
2. ……………………….. – Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or
resources.
3. ……………………….. – Able to adapt or be used for many different functions or activities.
4. ………………………. – The quality of being exact, accurate, and careful.
5. ………………………. – To separate grains from the husks or stalks, typically done during
harvesting.
6. ……………………….. – The use of machines and technology to do tasks without human
intervention.
7. ……………………….– Substances added to soil to increase its fertility and help plants grow.
8. ……………………… – Capable of being maintained over time without harming the environment
or using up resources.
9. ……………………… – The amount of crop produced on a piece of land.
10. ………………………. – The effect that an activity or process has on the natural world.

II. Read a text and do the exercise:

A Day on a Cattle Farm

A cattle farm is a place where cows are raised for meat (beef), milk, or both. These farms can vary in
size, from small family-owned properties to large commercial operations. Life on a cattle farm
involves daily care of the animals, managing pastures, feeding, and monitoring the health of the
herd.

Cattle farmers start their day early, often before sunrise. One of the most important tasks is feeding
the cows. Depending on the season and the type of farm, cows may eat grass in the pasture or be
given hay, silage, and grains. Clean water must always be available.

Farmers also check on the health of the cattle. This includes watching for signs of illness or injury,
keeping the animals clean, and making sure they have enough space to move around comfortably.
On dairy farms, cows are milked at least twice a day using milking machines.

In addition to caring for the animals, cattle farmers must also maintain fences, clean barns, repair
equipment, and keep records of each cow’s health and productivity. Some farms use modern
technology such as automated feeders, wearable trackers, and climate-controlled barns to improve
efficiency and animal welfare.

Cattle farming plays a major role in food production around the world. Farmers work hard every day
to provide safe, nutritious meat and milk while protecting the land and ensuring their animals are
well cared for.

Reading Comprehension

1. What is one of the first tasks a cattle farmer does each day?
a) Take the cows to the market

b) Milk the cows

c) Feed the cows

d) Repair equipment

2. True or False:

Cows on all cattle farms only eat grass from pastures.

3. How many times a day are dairy cows usually milked?

4. Match the item with its purpose:

A. Fences 1. Help collect milk

B. Milking machines 2. Keep cattle in a certain area

C. Wearable trackers 3. Monitor the health and movement of cows

5. Fill in the Blank:

Cattle farmers must make sure the cows always have access to clean __________

6. Name one way technology is used on modern cattle farms.

III. Read a text:

Pest Control on the Farm

Pest control is an important part of farm management. Pests such as (owady)…………………, (gryzonie)
…………………………, and (chwasty)………………………….. can harm crops and (inwentarz)…………………….,
reduce (plony)………………………….., and spread diseases. Farmers use different methods to protect
their farms and keep pests under control.

One common method is the use of pesticides, which are chemicals that kill or (odstraszyć)
………………………….. pests. These must be used carefully to avoid harming beneficial insects, animals,
or the environment. Farmers follow strict safety guidelines when applying pesticides to make sure
the food grown on the farm is safe to eat.

Many farms also use (biologiczne)……………………. pest control, which involves using natural
(drapieżnik)……………………….. or parasites to control harmful pests. For example, (biedronki)
…………………………. are released to eat (mszyce)…………………………….., a pest that damages plants. This
method is safe for the environment and helps keep the balance of nature.
Another important part of pest control is good farm hygiene. Keeping (stodoły) ……………………… and
storage areas clean, sealing cracks in buildings, and removing leftover food or waste can help prevent
pests from entering and living on the farm.

Farmers may also rotate crops, use pest-resistant plant varieties, and monitor pest levels with traps
or cameras. These practices are part of integrated pest management (IPM), a strategy that combines
different methods to control pests in a safe and sustainable way.

(skuteczne)……………………. pest control helps farmers protect their crops and animals, reduce losses,
and provide healthy food for people around the world.

Critical Thinking Exercise

Question:

Imagine you are a farmer who wants to reduce pest problems on your farm. You are concerned
about the effects of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health.

What combination of methods would you choose to control pests, and why?

Instructions:

Write a short paragraph (4–6 sentences) explaining your plan. Use ideas from the text such as
biological control, good farm hygiene, crop rotation, or integrated pest management. Think about
how to balance.

IV.

How to Take Care of the Soil

Soil is one of the most important resources on a farm. Healthy soil helps plants grow strong, provides
nutrients, holds water, and supports a wide variety of life. Taking care of the soil is essential for
successful farming and for protecting the environment.

One way to care for the soil is through crop rotation. This means planting different types of crops in
the same field each year. Different plants use and return different nutrients to the soil, so rotating
crops helps keep the soil balanced and reduces the risk of pests and diseases.

Adding organic matter like compost or manure improves soil structure and provides important
nutrients. This also helps the soil hold water better and support healthy microorganisms. Avoiding
the overuse of chemical fertilizers is also important, as too much can damage the soil over time.

Preventing soil erosion is another key part of soil care. Planting cover crops, using mulch, and
building barriers like terraces can stop wind and water from carrying the soil away. Keeping the soil
covered as much as possible protects it and keeps it fertile.

Finally, farmers can test their soil regularly to check its nutrient levels and pH. This helps them decide
what the soil needs and how to treat it properly.

By using these practices, farmers can keep their soil healthy, productive, and sustainable for future
generations.
Ex. I: Instructions: Match each word from the box with the correct definition. Write the letter of
the definition next to the word.

1. Crop rotation
2. Nutrients
3. Organic matter
4. Compost
5. Erosion
6. Fertile
7. Mulch
8. pH

Definitions:

a) The washing or blowing away of soil by water or wind.

b) A mix of natural materials, like food scraps and leaves, that breaks down to improve soil.

c) A practice of planting different crops in the same field each year.

d) A material spread over soil to keep it moist and prevent weeds.

e) A measure of how acidic or alkaline the soil is.

f) Natural substances in the soil that help plants grow.

g) Made from living things or once-living materials.

h) Able to produce healthy crops or plants.

II. Choose the correct word from the box to complete each sentence:

Nutrients soil erosion pH mulch

crop rotation organic matter compost fertile

1.Farmers use __________ to plant different crops in the same field each year to keep the soil
healthy.

2. Adding __________ like decomposed leaves or manure helps improve soil structure.

3. __________ is the process where wind or water removes the top layer of soil.

4. __________ is used to cover the soil surface to keep moisture in and prevent weeds.

5. Testing the __________ of the soil helps farmers know if it is too acidic or alkaline for certain
plants.

6. Soil rich in __________ can support strong and healthy plant growth.

7. __________ is made from natural waste materials that break down and enrich the soil.

8. Healthy soil contains essential __________ that plants need to grow.

KEY

1. C
2. A T BF CT
3. Sample Answer:

They help farmers monitor crops, apply inputs more accurately, and use resources like water and
fertilizer efficiently, leading to better yields and sustainability.

4.

1.Revolutionized – Completely changed something in a way that makes it much better or more
efficient.

2. Efficient – Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or resources.

3. Versatile – Able to adapt or be used for many different functions or activities.

4. Precision – The quality of being exact, accurate, and careful.

5. Thresh – To separate grains from the husks or stalks, typically done during harvesting.

6. Automation – The use of machines and technology to do tasks without human intervention.

7. Fertilizers – Substances added to soil to increase its fertility and help plants grow.

8. Sustainable – Capable of being maintained over time without harming the environment or using
up resources.

9. Yield – The amount of crop produced on a piece of land.

10. Environmental impact – The effect that an activity or process has on the natural world.

II.

Reading Comprehension Test

1. c

2. F

3. twice a day

4. A2 B1 C3

5. water

6. Examples: automated feeders, wearable trackers, or climate-controlled barns.

Soil

Crop rotation – c

Nutrients – f

Organic matter – g

Compost – b

Erosion – a

Fertile – h

Mulch – d

pH – e