### Waste Disposal and Management
1. Define solid waste and discuss its various sources.
2. Explain the methods of recycling, reusing, and reducing solid waste.
3. Describe the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of wastewater.
4. What are hazardous wastes? List and describe their characteristics.
5. Discuss the various methods for the disposal and processing of hazardous waste.
### Industrial Waste Treatment
1. What is reverse osmosis, and how is it used in industrial waste treatment?
2. Describe the procedure for handling and disposing of hazardous waste.
3. Discuss the factors that affect the self-purification of rivers.
4. Explain the classification of streams for designated best use as per CPCB.
5. List and explain low-cost waste treatment processes.
### Integrated Waste Management
1. Explain the adverse health and environmental impacts of improper waste handling.
2. Discuss the necessity of source reduction in solid waste management.
3. How does incineration help in waste management, and what technologies are used?
4. Describe the phases of municipal solid waste decomposition in a closed landfill.
5. What is the solid waste management hierarchy? Illustrate with a diagram.
### Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering
1. Enumerate surface sources of water and compare their quality and quantity.
2. Explain various water treatment processes, such as aeration, filtration, and
disinfection.
3. What is the Hardy Cross method for pipe network analysis in water distribution?
4. Describe the process and importance of estimating BOD (Biochemical Oxygen
Demand).
5. List water-borne diseases and suggest control measures.