Tittle: Recent Advances in Prosthodontics

By- ASTHA KASHYAP

AND ARBAZ KHAN

📖 Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Modern Prosthodontics

2. Digital Dentistry: The New Standard
3. Intraoral Scanners: Precision in Practice
4. CAD/CAM Systems: Revolutionizing
Prosthesis Fabrication
5. 3D Printing: Customization and Efficiency
6. Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and
Treatment Planning
7. AI-Driven Prosthesis Design and
Manufacturing
8. Robotics in Prosthodontics: The Future is
Now
9. Advancements in Dental Implantology
10. Digital Smile Design: Enhancing
Aesthetics
11. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in
Dental Training
12. Teleprosthodontics: Remote
Consultations and Care
13. Nanotechnology in Prosthodontic
Materials

Biomaterials: Innovations in Prosthesis

Components

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 14. Regenerative Techniques in
Prosthodontics
15. Laser Applications in Prosthodontic
Procedures
16. Cone Beam Computed Tomography
(CBCT) in Treatment Planning
17. Wearable Technology for Monitoring Oral
Health
18. Patient-Centered Care in the Digital Age

Introduction to Modern Prosthodontics

A New Era of Dental Restoration

Modern prosthodontics is no longer the slow, analog discipline of the

past. It's a high-tech blend of art, science, and digital innovation,
transforming how missing or damaged teeth are restored.¹

Today's prosthodontist wears many hats:

 Clinician
 Digital designer
 Biomaterials expert
 Smile architect¹

The Digital Dentistry Revolution

Key Technologies Driving Change:

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  Intraoral Scanners
o Replace traditional molds
o Provide fast, comfortable, and precise digital impressions
 CAD/CAM Systems
o Enable computer-designed restorations
o Allow same-day crowns, bridges, and veneers
 3D Printing
o Customizes prosthetics to individual anatomy
o Reduces production time. ²,³

Materials That Mimic Nature

Modern Prosthodontic Materials Include:

 Zirconia – durable and tooth-colored

 Lithium Disilicate – offers high strength and translucency

Benefits:

 Natural appearance
 Long-lasting performance
 Biocompatibility³

Patient-Centered and Holistic Care

While technology powers modern prosthodontics, the patient remains

at the heart of it all.

Modern Treatment Approaches:

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  Individualized treatment planning
 Emotional and psychological support
 Interdisciplinary collaboration (with orthodontists, periodontists,
surgeons)²

What the Future Holds

Emerging Trends:

 Artificial Intelligence (AI): for diagnostics and treatment

planning
 Regenerative Dentistry: using stem cells and biomaterials
 Virtual & Augmented Reality: in dental education and patient
simulations²,³

Fig:1

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Source: Shillingburg HT, SatherDA,Wilson
EL,CainJR,MitchellDL,BlancoLJ,Keller JC.

http.//.www.nbv.jkns.mdpi.sitekn.

Fig:2

Source:Rosenstiel SF,Land MF,FujimotoJ, 5th ed contemporary fixed

prosthesis.

https://iconoutlook.com/dentistry-advances-to-a-new-league-with-
virtual-reality/

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Fig:3

Source: Rosenstiel SF, Land MF , FujimotoJ, 5th ed contemporary

fixed prosthesis,2015

http://ww.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/1/33

Digital Dentistry:

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Why Digital Dentistry Matters
Digital dentistry has shifted from an emerging trend to
the gold standard in prosthodontics. This paradigm
shift is not just about upgrading tools — it’s about
transforming workflows, improving accuracy, and
delivering a better patient experience.¹,²

Benefits at a Glance:

 Faster treatment planning and execution

 Increased precision and fit
 Enhanced communication with labs and patients
 Reduced chair time and fewer appointment²

Core Components of Digital Dentistry in Prosthodontics

1. Digital Impressions

 Utilizes intraoral scanners instead of traditional molds

 Produces 3D renderings instantly
 Increases patient comfort and clinician confidence

2. CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design & Manufacturing)

 Designs prostheses using digital software

 Allows chairside milling for same-day restorations
 Minimizes human error

3. 3D Printing

 Creates models, guides, and even definitive prostheses

 Supports mass customization at lower cost
 Enables rapid prototyping and iteration³,⁴

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 Fig:4

CAD/CAM interface screen shot

Source: Stewart KL,Rudd KD,Kuchker WA , clinical Removal Partial

Prosthesis.4th ed Chicago:1981

http://doing.org/10.101/10.1016/j.snr2022.100093

Real-Time Communication and Collaboration

Digital platforms enable:

 Seamless file sharing with dental labs

 Cloud-based storage and case tracking
 Enhanced case planning with specialists through virtual
collaboration

Outcome:

 More predictable results

 Shorter treatment timelines

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 Fig:5

Illustration of cloud based dental lab communication

Source: Winkler S. Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics.2nd

ed.New Delhi: AITBS Publishers ;2009

http:// science.com/articelpii.

Challenges and Considerations

While promising, digital dentistry also presents:

 Initial equipment and training investment

 Learning curve for software and devices
 Need for data privacy and cybersecurity

Still, the long-term benefits far outweigh the hurdles, making

digital adoption essential for forward-thinking practices.¹¹

Conclusion

Digital dentistry is not just a technological leap — it’s a clinical

evolution. By integrating digital tools into every step of care,
prosthodontists can achieve greater precision, efficiency, and patient
satisfaction.

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Intraoral Scanners:

What Are Intraoral Scanners?

Intraoral scanners (IOS) are handheld digital devices used to capture

direct optical impressions of a patient’s oral cavity. These scanners
generate high-resolution, 3D digital models in real time, eliminating
the need for traditional impression materials.⁹

Key Features:

 Real-time 3D visualization
 Compact and ergonomic design
 Compatibility with CAD/CAM systems²,⁹

Fig:7 Intraoral scanner on patient

Intraoral scanner on patient

Intraoral scanner on patient

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Fig: 6 -Intraoral scanner on patient

Source:Ahmad I.Prosthopntics at a glance , 2nd edition.Wiley

Blackwell;2022.

http://www .researchgate.bet/publication/362002083

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Advantages Over Traditional Impressions
Intraor
Featur al
Traditional Impressions
e Scanne
rs
Non-
Comfort Gag reflex, messy invasive
, clean
Time
5–10
Require 15–30 minutes
minutes
d
Accurac
Highly
y& Susceptible to error
accurate
Detail
Need
for
Frequent Rare
Remake
s
Data Instant
Transfer Physical delivery digital
to Labs upload

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 Fig:7 -Side by side comparison of photo
of alginate impression and Intraoral
scanning process
Source: AhmadI. Prosthodontics at a glance
2nd edition, Wiley Blackwell;2022
http:// www.ncb.nlm
.nhi.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613365/

How It Works

1.Preparation
o Teeth and tissues are dried
o Reflective powder may be applied (rare in newer models)
2.Scanning
o The wand captures images as it moves across the dental
arches
o Real-time 3D rendering on the connected screen

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 3.Data Transfer
o File exported in formats like STL or PLY
o Integrated directly into CAD software ²,⁹

Clinical Applications

 Crown and bridge restorations

 Implant planning and placement
 Orthodontic aligners and retainers
 Digital smile design previews
 Full arch digital dentures⁹

Limitations and Considerations

 Initial cost of equipment

 Training and familiarization needed
 May struggle with subgingival margins or reflective surfaces

Despite minor limitations, the clinical benefits make intraoral

scanners a cornerstone of modern prosthodontic practice.⁹

Conclusion

Intraoral scanners are redefining dental precision and patient comfort.

As technology continues to evolve, these tools will only become
faster, more accurate, and more integral to everyday prosthodontics.⁹

CAD/CAM Technology in Prosthodontics

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What is CAD/CAM?

CAD/CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design and

Computer-Aided Manufacturing. In prosthodontics, this
technology allows for the precise design and rapid
production of dental restorations — including crowns,
bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, and even full
dentures.⁹

The Workflow:

1. Scan: Digital impressions are captured using

intraoral scanners
2.Design: Restoration is digitally sculpted using
CAD software
3.Manufacture: Design is milled or printed using CAM
equipment
4.Visual Suggestion: A 3-step diagram showing Scan →
Design → Mill/Print⁹

Benefits of CAD/CAM in Prosthodontics

1. Accuracy and Fit

Reduces human error and variability

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Enables micro-precision restorations

2. Speed and Efficiency

Same-day restorations possible

Minimizes lab turnaround time

3. Material Flexibility

Compatible with zirconia, lithium disilicate, PMMA,

composite resins, and more

4. Enhanced Patient Experience

Fewer appointments

Immediaely

Clinical Applications

Single-tooth restorations (crowns, inlays, onlays)

Multi-unit bridges
Custom implant abutments and prosthetics

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Full-arch prostheses
Veneers and smile design restorations⁹

Types of CAD/CAM Systems

System Type

Description

Common Brands

Chairside

In-office design and milling for same-day care

CEREC, Planmeca FIT

Laboratory-Based

Scanning and design done in clinic; milling in lab

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3Shape, Exocad

Hybrid

Combines chairside scanning with lab milling

Medit + external lab

Limitations to Consider

High initial investment

Software learning curve

Milling machines require routine maintenance

Despite these, the return on investment in terms of

quality, speed, and patient satisfaction makes CAD/CAM

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an essential component of future-ready dental
practices.⁹

Conclusion

CAD/CAM technology has reshaped the prosthodontic

landscape — blending precision engineering with
aesthetic artistry. As systems become smarter and
more intuitive, they promise to deliver restorations that
are faster, better, and more personalized than ever
before.

3D Printing in Dental Prosthetics

What is 3D Printing in Dentistry?

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing,

involves layer-by-layer construction of objects from
digital models. In prosthodontics, this technology
enables the fabrication of dental prostheses, models,
guides, and frameworks with unprecedented precision
and speed.¹⁰

Key Components:

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Digital impression (from intraoral scanners)

3D modeling software

3D printer and compatible materials¹⁰

Advantages of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics

1. Customization

Tailored prostheses for individual patient anatomy

Better fit and function

2. Speed and Efficiency

Rapid prototyping of crowns, dentures, and guides

Reduced lab time and cost

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 3. Material Versatility

Compatible with biocompatible resins, waxes, metals,

and ceramics

4. Accuracy

High-resolution printing ensures excellent detail

reproduction

Common Applications

Surgical guides for implant placement

Crown and bridge models

Removable partial denture frameworks

Full dentures

Custom trays and temporary restorations

Night guards and splints

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3D Printing Technologies Used

Technology

Description

Use in Dentistry

SLA (Stereolithography)

Uses UV light to cure liquid resin

High precision models and guides

DLP (Digital Light Processing)

Similar to SLA but faster

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Crowns, bridges, trays

SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)

Fuses powdered material using lasers

Metal frameworks

FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)

Builds with melted thermoplastics

Prototypes, nonclinical models

Challenges and Considerations

Printer and material costs

Post-processing requirements

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Learning curve for digital design

Regulatory compliance for biocompatible materials¹⁰

Future Outlook

With advancements in material science and AI-assisted

design, 3D printing in prosthodontics is expected to
evolve toward chairside printing, bio-printing, and even
regenerative dentistry.¹⁰

Conclusion

3D printing stands as one of the most transformative

innovations in prosthodontics. It bridges digital
planning with physical reality, offering dentists the tools
to deliver faster, better, and more customized care.

Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics

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What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of computer systems to

simulate human intelligence by learning from data, recognizing
patterns, making decisions, and solving problems. In prosthodontics,
AI is being integrated to enhance diagnostics, treatment planning, and
prosthetic design.⁵

Key AI Technologies in Dentistry:

 Machine learning (ML)

 Deep learning
 Neural networks
 Computer vision⁵

Applications of AI in Prosthodontics

1. Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

 Analyzing CBCT and radiographs for bone density, pathologies

 AI-based caries detection
 Occlusion and bite force mapping

2. Automated Prosthetic Design

 AI-powered software for crown and bridge design

 Predictive algorithms for occlusal adjustments

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3. Digital Smile Design (DSD)

 Facial recognition and alignment algorithms for aesthetic

planning

4. Clinical Workflow Optimization

 Appointment scheduling, case tracking, and communication

tools
 AI-enhanced practice management systems⁵

Fig: 7 -AI in dentistry

Source:Afrashtchfar KI(ed). Advancements in Prosthodontics MDPI

Books :2025

https://www.shutterstock.com/search/ai-dentistry

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Benefits of AI Integration

 Efficiency: Speeds up diagnostics and workflows

 Accuracy: Reduces human error
 Customization: Generates tailored treatment plans
 Data Utilization: Learns from vast case histories for better⁵
outcomes

AI-Powered Tools in the Market

Tool Function Application
AI-based
CBCT, panoramic,
Diagnocat radiographic
intraoral images
interpretation
Caries and pathology
Pearl AI Real-time diagnostics
detection
3Shape Automated crown
CAD/CAM workflows
Automate design
Digital smile Cosmetic
DSD App
planning prosthodontics

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 Fig :8 -pearl AI tool.

Source: Afrashtehfa KI (ed). Advancements in Prosthodontics MDPI

Books:2025

https://instituteofdigitaldentistry.com/ai/second-opinion-by-pearl-ai-
assisted-dental-radiography-review/

Limitations & Ethical Considerations

 Dependence on quality data inputs

 Risk of misinterpretation without clinician oversight
 Data privacy and regulatory challenges
 Resistance to adopting AI among some clinicians⁵

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The Future of AI in Prosthodontics

The field is rapidly moving toward:

 Real-time chairside diagnostics

 Voice-command digital charting
 AI-assisted surgical robotics
 Predictive modeling for treatment outcomes⁵

Conclusion

Artificial Intelligence is not replacing prosthodontists — it's

empowering them. By enhancing clinical decision-making and
streamlining workflows, AI promises a future where dental care is
smarter, faster, and more personalized than ever before.

AI-Driven Prosthesis in Prosthodontics

Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a transformative force in

prosthodontics. From diagnosis and treatment planning to the design

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and fabrication of dental prostheses, AI is enhancing precision,
reducing time, and improving patient outcomes.

What is AI in Prosthodontics?

AI in prosthodontics refers to the use of machine learning algorithms,

neural networks, and data analytics to support clinical decisions and
automate complex processes in prosthetic rehabilitation.⁵

Key Applications of AI in Prosthetic Dentistry

1. Treatment Planning

 AI analyzes radiographs and 3D scans to suggest optimal

prosthetic options
 Virtual simulations of outcomes

2. Prosthesis Design

 AI-assisted CAD tools propose customized crown, bridge, and

denture designs
 Auto-detection of margins and occlusal schemes

3. Predictive Analytics

 Forecasts prosthesis longevity and failure risk

 Personalized maintenance protocols based on historical data

4. Automated Quality Control

 AI algorithms detect defects in digital scans or fabricated parts

 Standardizes production consistency.

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  Benefits of AI-Driven Prosthodontics

 Enhanced Accuracy: More precise fitting and anatomical

alignment
 Time Efficiency: Faster diagnosis and design
 Data-Driven Decisions: Reduced subjective variability
 Customization: Prostheses tailored to patient-specific needs⁵,¹⁰

Current AI Tools in Dental Technology

Tool Function Developer
AI for radiographic Diagnocat
Diagnocat
diagnostics Inc.
AI-assisted prosthetic Nobel
DTX Studio
planning Biocare
3Shape
AI-based design of crowns 3Shape ⁵
Automate

Challenges

 Data privacy concerns

 Requirement of high-quality datasets
 Limited regulation and ethical guidelines
 Integration with existing clinical workflows⁵

Future Prospects

 Deep learning models for full-arch rehabilitation

 AI-driven robotic fabrication
 Real-time prosthesis adjustment via smart materials²,⁵

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Fig:9 - 3D implant planning

Source: Khurshid Z,Zafar MS,Rokaya D(eds). Prosthodontics and

Restorative dentistry

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Prosthetically-driven-3D-
implant-planning-a-In-a-guided-surgery-software-
RealGuideR_fig1_338636930

Conclusion

AI-driven prosthodontics holds immense potential to revolutionize

restorative dental care. It complements clinical expertise with digital
intelligence, making prosthetic rehabilitation smarter, faster, and more
patient-centric.

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Robotics in Prosthodontics: The Next Leap

Introduction

The integration of robotics in prosthodontics marks a new era in

dental innovation. Beyond digital workflows, robotics adds
mechanical intelligence — enabling unparalleled accuracy,
repeatability, and automation in procedures ranging from implant
placement to prosthesis fabrication.

Fig: 10 -Robotics in dentistry

Source:Al Qahtani,F.(2022)

https://medium.com/@ResearchFeatures/brace-yourself-robotic-
precision-in-dental-implants-7b34afdd89c5

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How Robotics Is Being Used in Prosthodontics
1. Robotic-Assisted Implant Surgery

 Navigation-assisted robotics (e.g., Yomi System)

guide clinicians during implant placement
 Offers real-time haptic feedback and 3D
visualization
 Increases safety and precision, especially in
complex cases¹

2. Automated Prosthesis Fabrication

 Robotic milling machines automate the shaping of

crowns, bridges, and dentures
 Reduces fabrication time while improving quality
control
 Supports high-throughput dental labs¹

3. Digital Workflow Integration

 Robotics seamlessly integrates with CAD/CAM, 3D

printing, and intraoral scanning
 Enables end-to-end digital prosthodontic solutions²

Advantages of Robotic Integration

 High Precision: Minimizes manual error during

surgical and fabrication processes
 Efficiency: Accelerates treatment and lab
turnaround times
 Consistency: Ensures uniform quality across
multiple restorations
 Patient Safety: Real-time feedback reduces
surgical risks²

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Real-World Examples
Technology Function Developer
Yomi by Robotic-guided implant
Neocis Inc.
Neocis surgery
KUKA Dental Lab automation &
KUKA Robotics
Arm precision milling
R5 Milling vhf camfacture
Robotic dental lab system
Unit AG²

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

 High Cost: Robotic systems represent a significant

investment
 Training Needs: Requires clinician education and
certification
 Regulatory Approval: Dependent on
jurisdictional policies and ethical reviews
 Patient Trust: Requires transparency and
explanation to gain acceptance²

Future Outlook

 AI-Robotics Fusion: Smarter systems that learn

and adapt to each patient case
 Minimally Invasive Robotics: Compact devices
for in-mouth robotic operations
 Tele-Robotics: Remote surgeries conducted with
robotic interfaces³,⁴

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Conclusion

Robotics in prosthodontics isn’t a futuristic idea — it's an evolving

reality. As practices embrace automated precision, they’re not
replacing the human touch, but enhancing it through consistency,
efficiency, and excellence in prosthetic care.

Advancements in Dental Implantology

Introduction

Dental implantology has seen revolutionary progress in recent years.

No longer confined to conventional surgery, modern implant dentistry
leverages digital planning, biomaterials, AI, and robotics to deliver
safer, more predictable outcomes with minimal patient discomfort.¹⁰

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Fig:11 - Crown implant

Source:Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, FujimotoJ J.Implant

Prosthodontics,4th ed . Chicago Publication 2012

https://www.dentistryon10.com/dental-implants/

. Fig:12 -Implant supported dentures

Source:Zarb GA, Hobkirk K, Eckert S, Jacob R.
Prosthodontic Treatment for edentulous

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patients,complete denture and implant supported
prosthesis.13th ed.St. louis: Elsevier;2013
http:// nic.nih.nih.gov/1081/article.image

Digital Transformation of Implant Planning

1. CBCT & 3D Imaging

 Provides accurate anatomical visualization of bone

and nerve pathways
 Enables precise implant placement with reduced
risk
 Integrates seamlessly with digital impressions and
planning software¹⁰,²⁵

2. Virtual Treatment Planning

 Digital software simulates implant positioning,

angulation, and depth
 Facilitates communication between prosthodontist,
surgeon, and lab
 Reduces intraoperative surprises and ensures
prosthetic compatibility¹⁰

Guided Surgery: Precision Meets Safety

 Custom surgical guides fabricated using CAD/CAM

 Enhances safety in high-risk or compromised bone
cases
 Shortens surgery duration and improves recovery
time
 Common systems: NobelClinician, coDiagnostiX,
Simplant⁹,¹⁰

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Innovations in Implant Surface Technology

 Nanostructured surfaces improve

osseointegration speed
 Bioactive coatings (like hydroxyapatite or
titanium plasma spray) enhance bone attachment
 Laser-treated and etched surfaces promote
cellular adhesion and healing¹⁰

Materials Revolution

 Zirconia Implants: Metal-free, esthetically

superior, ideal for anterior regions
 Titanium-Zirconium Alloys: Combine strength of
titanium with esthetic advantages
 Porous Implants: Allow for vascularized tissue
ingrowth, enhancing primary stability¹⁰

Immediate Loading Protocols

 Advances in design and planning now allow

immediate function implants
 Reduces treatment time from months to days or
weeks
 Predictable in select cases with good bone quality
and primary stability¹⁰

AI and Robotics in Implantology

 AI planning platforms analyze anatomical data

for optimized placement
 Robotic guidance systems like Yomi® offer
haptic feedback and submillimeter accuracy

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  Reduces surgeon fatigue and human variability in
complex procedures¹⁰,¹³

Biological Enhancements

 Growth factors (e.g., PRF, BMPs) promote bone

regeneration
 Custom grafts and membranes developed
using 3D printing and bioprinting
 Smart implants are being researched that
monitor bone health and load dynamics¹⁰

Benefits of Modern Implantology

 Shorter healing periods

 Increased success rates (up to 98%)
 Better esthetic integration
 Reduced patient trauma and faster recovery¹⁰

Challenges and Future Directions

 Cost and accessibility in rural or underdeveloped

regions
 Need for standardization of digital implant
workflows
 Continued research in osseointegration, AI
prediction models, and patient-specific
implants¹⁰

Conclusion

The transformation of dental implantology reflects how far

technology has taken us — from uncertain surgical placement to

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precision-guided, biologically integrated restorations. The future
promises smarter, faster, and more adaptive implants tailored to
every patient’s biology and need.

Digital Smile Design (DSD): Redefining Aesthetic

Excellence

Introduction

Digital Smile Design (DSD) is a revolutionary approach that blends

digital photography, video analysis, and computer-aided design to

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create highly personalized and esthetically driven treatment plans. It
allows clinicians to visualize, plan, and communicate smile
transformations with exceptional accuracy and patient involvement.¹²

Fig:13 -smile design

Source:Ahmad I. Prosthodontics at a glance 2nd edition Wiley

Blackwell;2022

https://www.fmsdental.com/blog/enhance-your-smile-with-digital-
smile-designing/

What is Digital Smile Design?

DSD is a digital workflow that enables the prosthodontist to:

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  Evaluate facial and dental proportions in dynamic
motion
 Simulate the final outcome before any clinical
procedure
 Increase patient trust and co-diagnosis
 Improve communication between dentist, lab, and
patient¹²

Key Components of DSD

1. Digital Photography & Video Analysis

 Captures facial expressions, lip movement, and

smile lines
 Records patient personality and emotional
response for planning¹²

2. Facially Driven Smile Design

 Aligns tooth proportions with facial features

 Considers midline, lip support, and incisal edge
position¹²

3. DSD Software Platforms

 Examples: DSDApp®, SmileFy®, 3Shape Smile

Design
 Allows overlaying design templates on patient
images
 Exports data for CAD/CAM fabrication¹²

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Fig:14 -comparison before and after smile design process

Source: Ahmad I.Prosthodontics at a glance 2nd edition Wiley

Blackwell;2022

https://www.dtsmilecare.com/digital-smile-design

Workflow of DSD

1. Initial Records: High-quality images, intraoral

scans, CBCT if needed
2. Smile Design Simulation: Planning ideal tooth
shape, size, and alignment
3. Mock-Up Phase: Temporary restorations tested
for esthetics and function
4. Final Restoration: Guided by the digital plan,
using CAD/CAM or 3D printing¹²

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Benefits of Digital Smile Design

 Visualization: Patients see the outcome before

committing
 Customization: Tailored to emotional,
psychological, and facial aesthetics
 Interdisciplinary Integration: Combines ortho,
perio, and restorative plans
 Documentation: Standardized and storable data
for future updates¹²

Challenges & Limitations

 Requires high-quality inputs (photos, scans)

 Steep learning curve for software usage
 Initial setup cost for devices and training¹²

Future Advancements

 AI-powered smile design for automated case

planning
 Augmented reality trials in real-time mirror view
 3D face scanning for full craniofacial integration
 Emotive analysis to predict patient satisfaction
outcomes¹²

Clinical Application in Prosthodontics

DSD is widely used in:

 Full-mouth rehabilitation

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  Veneer planning
 Esthetic crown lengthening
 Implant-supported anterior restorations¹²

Conclusion

Digital Smile Design isn’t just a cosmetic tool — it’s a clinical and
emotional blueprint that places the patient at the heart of
prosthodontic care. With DSD, smile rehabilitation becomes an art
guided by data, emotion, and expression.¹²

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Virtual & Augmented Reality in Dental Training

Introduction

Modern dental education is undergoing a paradigm shift, fueled by

immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented
Reality (AR). These tools bridge the gap between theory and hands-
on practice, offering interactive, real-time simulations that enhance
both competence and confidence.²⁰

Defining VR and AR in Dental Training

 Virtual Reality (VR) creates a fully immersive

digital environment, replacing the real world with a
simulated one.
 Augmented Reality (AR) overlays digital
information (like anatomy labels, guides) onto the
real world using smart glasses, tablets, or
phones.²⁰

Applications in Dental Education

1. Preclinical Skill Development

 Simulated tooth preparation, crown cutting, and

cavity restorations
 Haptic feedback lets students “feel” resistance and
pressure

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  Tracks metrics like angulation, speed, pressure,
and hand stability

Example: Simodont Dental Trainer, Virteasy Dental Simulator²⁰

2. Clinical Procedure Simulation

 Practice surgeries like implant placement,

extractions, and endodontic access
 Reduces stress and risk before real patient
interaction
 Enables repeated learning without material cost or
patient discomfort²⁰

3. Anatomy Visualization

 AR apps provide layered, interactive 3D anatomy

over live models or mannequins
 Enhances spatial understanding of nerves, vessels,
and bone structures²⁰

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Fig:15 - Treatment with virtual reality distraction Source:
Rangarajan V , Padmanabhan TV, textbook of Prosthodontics,3rd ed

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Dental-treatment-with-virtual-
reality-distraction-at-the-Department-of-Pediatric_fig6_323759238

4. Remote Learning & Tele-Education

 VR-based classrooms allow real-time

demonstrations and student collaboration
 AR integrated with mobile apps enhances
accessibility for rural or distance learning²⁰

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Advantages of VR/AR in Dental Training

 Safe Learning Environment: No risk to real

patients
 Self-Paced Practice: Repeat as many times as
needed
 Data Analytics: Objective feedback on student
performance
 Motivation Boost: Gamified, interactive learning
increases engagement
 Reduced Material Waste: No need for repeated
use of physical models²⁰

Limitations & Considerations

 High initial investment in equipment and software

 Requires regular updates and tech support
 May not fully replace tactile learning with real
patients
 Potential for tech distractions if poorly integrated
into curricula²⁰

Real-World Implementations

 Harvard School of Dental Medicine using VR

for implant training
 NYU College of Dentistry integrating AR to teach
dental anatomy
 ACTA Amsterdam using mixed reality for
prosthodontic workflows²⁰

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Future Directions

 Mixed Reality (MR): Combining the best of AR

and VR for dynamic, real-world interaction
 AI Integration: Real-time feedback and adaptive
simulations
 Cloud-Based Training Libraries: Global access
to standardized practice modules
 Wearable Tech: Hands-free learning through
smart glasses like HoloLens¹⁵,²⁰

Conclusion

Virtual and Augmented Reality are not futuristic dreams — they’re

today’s reality in dental training. These tools are empowering dental
students to learn faster, safer, and smarter, preparing them to enter
clinical practice with confidence and precision.

Chapter: Teleprosthodontics – Bridging the Distance in

Specialized Dental Care

Introduction

Teleprosthodontics is the application of

telecommunication and digital tools to deliver
prosthodontic care remotely. It’s an evolving field under
the umbrella of teledentistry, enabling patients in

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remote or underserved areas to access specialized
treatment without visiting a dental chair — improving
accessibility, continuity, and efficiency in oral
rehabilitation.¹⁰

What is Teleprosthodontics?

A digital interface where:

Prosthodontists consult with patients remotely

Digital records (photos, intraoral scans, radiographs)

are exchanged

Treatment plans and prosthesis designs are shared

virtually

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Labs and specialists collaborate without physical
presence¹⁰

Key Components

1. Remote Consultations

Live video conferencing for initial evaluation and follow-

up

Useful for elderly, immobile, or rural patients

2. Digital Impressions Sharing

Intraoral scans are sent to labs/prosthodontists for

virtual analysis

Enables precise planning without needing physical

molds

3. Virtual Treatment Planning

Digital smile designs, implant planning, and prosthesis

preview

Files sent securely to collaborating specialists and

dental labs

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 4. Patient Monitoring and Guidance

Remote follow-ups post-prosthesis delivery (e.g.,

denture fitting, implant healing)

Chatbots or apps for patient instructions,

troubleshooting, and reminders¹⁰,¹²

Advantages

Accessibility: Brings prosthodontic care to remote/rural

populations

Cost-Effective: Reduces need for travel and multiple

appointments

Efficiency: Streamlines lab and clinic coordination

Continuity: Facilitates long-term care, especially for

geriatric or medically compromised patients

Education: Enables live mentoring and second opinions

in academic/professional setups

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Clinical Scenarios Where Teleprosthodontics Shines

Full denture and partial denture consultations

Implant-supported prosthesis design discussion

Temporomandibular joint disorder evaluations

Geriatric prosthodontic monitoring

Post-treatment counseling and check-ups¹²

Limitations and Challenges

Limited tactile/physical assessment

Dependence on reliable internet and digital literacy

Legal and ethical concerns over data security and

cross-border consultations

Cannot completely replace hands-on procedures

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Technologies Enabling Teleprosthodontics

Intraoral scanners

Cloud-based record sharing (e.g., DTX Studio, Medit

Link)

3D imaging and diagnostic tools

Telemedicine platforms (Zoom for Healthcare, Dentulu,

DentalMonitoring)¹²

Future Prospects

AI-assisted diagnostics for prosthodontic planning

AR overlays to guide patients through denture

placement or hygiene

Remote-controlled prosthesis adjustments (still

conceptual)

Integration with electronic health records (EHRs) for

holistic care¹²,¹³

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Conclusion

Teleprosthodontics is not a replacement for clinical

practice — it’s an extension of care that adds flexibility,
reach, and personalization. In an increasingly digital
and global healthcare landscape, it empowers clinicians
to serve better and patients to receive smarter care.¹²

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Nanotechnology in Dental Materials

Introduction

Nanotechnology—the science of manipulating materials at a scale of

1 to 100 nanometers—is changing the face of modern dentistry. By
embedding nanoparticles into conventional dental materials,
practitioners gain access to superior strength, antibacterial properties,
aesthetics, and biocompatibility.¹⁴

What is Nanotechnology in Dentistry?

Nanotechnology in dentistry involves:

 Using nanoscale particles to enhance dental

material performance.
 Altering surface properties to improve
interaction with oral tissues.
 Creating smarter, more responsive restorative
options.¹⁴

Applications in Dental Materials

1. Nanocomposites

 Enhanced polishability and strength

 Superior wear resistance and color stability
 -Long-lasting aesthetic restorations

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2. Nano Glass Ionomer Cements (Nano-GICs)

 Increased fluoride release and recharge

 Improved chemical bonding and marginal sealing
 Ideal for children, geriatric, and high-caries-risk
patients

3. Nanocoated Implants

 Titanium surfaces enhanced with silver or

hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
 Promote bone integration and reduce microbial
colonization
 Aid in peri-implantitis prevention

4. Nano-Hydroxyapatite in Remineralization

 Biomimetic action to rebuild enamel

 Commonly found in remineralizing toothpaste
 Reduces sensitivity and strengthens weakened
enamel

5. Nanomaterials in Dentures

 Nanoparticles added to PMMA base resins

 Boost fracture resistance and antimicrobial defense
 Improves longevity and hygiene¹⁴

Advantages of Nanotechnology in Dental Materials

Increased strength and durability

 Antibacterial & antifungal protection

 Enhanced biocompatibility
 Better esthetics and polish retention
 Reduced microleakage and polymerization
shrinkage¹⁴

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Limitations and Challenges

 High production costs

 Lack of long-term clinical data¹⁴

Fig:16 - Nanoparticles used in prosthodontics

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 Source: Singh,A.,&Pawan,M.(2018).
Nanoparticles used in dentistry A review.Journal of Oral
biology

http://ww.nic.inb.nih.gov./pmc/108133

Future Prospects

 Smart nanomaterials responsive to pH or

bacterial presence
 Nano-sensors for early disease detection
 Nano-regenerative scaffolds for bone and tissue
healing
 Integration with AI and CAD/CAM for smart
restorations⁹,¹⁴

Conclusion

Nanotechnology is redefining what dental materials can do. Whether

it’s improving a filling’s longevity, preventing implant infections, or
regenerating enamel, the impact is profound. With continued
innovation and safety validation, nanodentistry will become the
foundation of a new era in restorative and prosthetic care.¹⁴

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Biomaterials in Prosthodontics

Introduction

Biomaterials are engineered substances designed to interact with

biological systems for restorative or therapeutic purposes. In
prosthodontics, they are pivotal in restoring lost oral structures,
ensuring function, durability, and esthetics.¹⁹

What Are Biomaterials?

Biomaterials used in dentistry are natural or synthetic materials that

must:

 Be biocompatible with oral tissues

 Provide mechanical support
 Offer long-term stability
 Mimic the appearance of natural dentition¹⁹

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Classification of Biomaterials
Based on Composition:

 Metals: Titanium, cobalt-chromium, gold alloys

 Ceramics: Zirconia, alumina, lithium disilicate
 Polymers: PMMA, PEEK, composite resins
 Composites: Hybrid materials combining the
above properties¹⁹

Applications in Prosthodontics
1. Dental Implants

 Titanium and zirconia dominate

 Osseointegration for long-term success
 Surface modifications improve bioactivity

2. Fixed Prostheses

 Metal-ceramics and all-ceramics

 High esthetics and strength
 CAD/CAM integration for precise fit

3. Removable Dentures

 PMMA base resins widely used

 Flexible resins enhance comfort
 Embedded nanoparticles offer antimicrobial
benefits

4. Maxillofacial Prosthetics

 Use of silicone elastomers and titanium

 Requires exact tissue replication and
biocompatibility
 Often combined with 3D printing and imaging¹⁹

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Properties of Ideal Biomaterials

 Biocompatibility
 High mechanical strength
 Resistance to corrosion and wear
 Esthetic integration
 Ease of manipulation and processing¹⁹

Fig : 17 -Biomaterials and their use

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 Source: Choudhary,E.,et al.(2024).New
biomaterials for modern dentistry, Materials Today:
proceedings,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nin.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC10613365/

Recent Innovations

 Nanotechnology-enhanced composites for

superior strength
 Bioactive ceramics for tissue stimulation and
integration
 3D-printed biomaterials for patient-specific
prostheses
 PEEK and PEKK polymers for metal-free
restorations
 Antibacterial surfaces to reduce infections
around implants⁷,¹⁹

Challenges & Future Prospects

Current Limitations:

 Cost of advanced materials

 Regulatory constraints and long-term data needs
 Sensitivity to technique and handling¹⁹

The Future:

 Smart biomaterials with self-healing or

diagnostic capabilities
 Integration with digital workflows
 Regenerative scaffolds for guided tissue
engineering⁸,¹⁹

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Conclusion

Biomaterials are at the heart of modern prosthodontics. Their

evolution has redefined clinical outcomes — improving function,
aesthetics, and patient quality of life. As technology advances, the
focus shifts toward more intelligent, adaptable, and biologically
integrated solutions.¹⁹

Regenerative Techniques in Prosthodontics

Introduction

Regenerative prosthodontics is a rapidly emerging field that bridges

biology and prosthetic restoration. Rather than just replacing
missing oral structures, the focus is on stimulating the body’s
natural healing and regenerative potential, especially in soft tissue
and bone around prostheses.²⁰

What is Regenerative Prosthodontics?

Regenerative prosthodontics refers to the biologically based

techniques and therapies that enhance the regeneration of oral

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tissues—both hard and soft—that are critical to the success and
longevity of prosthesis.²⁰

. Fig: 18

Source :Karabale,N.,et al.(2022).Regenerative aspects in

Prosthodontics : A review . Research gate.
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/546

Key Regenerative Techniques

1. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR)

 Utilizes barrier membranes to direct bone growth

 Prevents soft tissue invasion into bone defects

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  Often used in conjunction with bone graft material

2. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin

(PRF)

 Autologous blood-derived products rich in growth

factors
 Accelerate healing and improve graft outcomes
 Easy to obtain and widely used in implantology

3. Stem Cell Therapy

 Uses mesenchymal stem cells from:

o Dental pulp
o Bone marrow
o Adipose tissue
 Promotes regeneration of alveolar bone,
periodontal ligament, and pulp tissue

4. Bioactive Scaffolds and Matrices

 3D structures that guide tissue growth

 Can be natural (e.g., collagen) or synthetic (e.g.,
polylactic acid)
 Often combined with stem cells or growth factors

5. Growth Factors and Cytokines

 BMPs, VEGF, TGF-β enhance:

o Angiogenesis
o Osteogenesis
o Soft tissue healing
 Delivered through gels, membranes, or sponges²⁰

Clinical Applications in Prosthodontics

 Pre-implant bone augmentation

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  Ridge preservation after extraction
 Soft tissue enhancement in esthetic zones
 Sinus lifts and large defect reconstruction
 Tissue regeneration in maxillofacial
prosthetics²¹

Advantages

 Improves implant success rate

 Restores natural tissue architecture
 Reduces need for extensive grafting procedures
 Enhances aesthetics and patient satisfaction²⁰

Challenges

 High cost of materials and preparation

 Technique-sensitive procedures
 Limited availability of commercial stem cell
products
 Regulatory and ethical concerns with stem cell
use²⁰

Future Directions

 Development of "off-the-shelf" regenerative

kits
 Integration with 3D printing for scaffold design
 Personalized therapy using patient-derived cells
 Nanotechnology to enhance scaffold bioactivity
 Use of smart materials that release factors over
time²¹

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Conclusion

Regenerative techniques in prosthodontics mark a shift toward

biological integration, moving beyond simple mechanical
restoration. With advancements in tissue engineering, stem cells, and
biomaterials, the future of prosthodontics is not only restorative —
it’s regenerative.²¹

Laser Applications in Prosthodontic Procedures

Introduction

The integration of laser technology in dentistry has revolutionized

multiple specialties, and prosthodontics is no exception. Lasers offer
minimally invasive, highly precise, and biologically favorable
alternatives for both soft and hard tissue management, enhancing
clinical outcomes and patient comfort.²²

What Are Dental Lasers?

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Dental lasers are devices that deliver energy in the form of light.
Depending on the wavelength, they interact differently with tissues

Fig: 19 -laser application in dentistry

Source:Patel,D.,&Shah,,R.(2023). An update on the use of lasers in

Prosthodontics.journal of advanced dental research,14(3),89-94.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC1105851

Types of Lasers Used in Prosthodontics

Wavelen
Laser Type Primary Use
gth
Diode 810–980 Soft tissue sculpting,

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 Wavelen
Laser Type Primary Use
gth
Lasers nm hemostasis
Er:YAG Hard tissue (tooth/bone)
2940 nm
Lasers ablation
Soft tissue cutting &
CO₂ Lasers 10,600 nm
coagulation
Nd:YAG Periodontal disinfection,
1064 nm
Lasers surgery²²

Applications in Prosthodontics
1. Soft Tissue Management

 Gingival recontouring for esthetic crown

lengthening
 Removal of hyperplastic tissue under dentures
 Frenectomy and vestibuloplasty for improved
denture fit
 Laser troughing instead of traditional retraction
cords

2. Implantology

 Laser decontamination around ailing implants

 Flapless exposure of healing abutments
 Maintenance therapy to prevent peri-implantitis

3. Impression Accuracy

 Laser gingival retraction allows for bloodless field

 Enhances scanning quality in digital impressions
 Reduces patient discomfort during traditional
impressions

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4. Denture Fabrication and Adjustment

 Laser trimming of fibrous ridges before final

impression
 Helps in epulis fissuratum removal without
sutures²²

Benefits of Laser Use in Prosthodontics

 Minimally invasive, reduces trauma

 Improved healing with less postoperative
discomfort
 Excellent hemostasis and visibility
 Greater precision in tissue modification
 Lower risk of cross-contamination²²

Limitations and Considerations

 High initial equipment cost

 Technique-sensitive procedures require training
 Potential for tissue overheating if misused
 Limited access to deeper bony structures²²

Future Trends

 Integration with AI and robotics for laser-assisted

surgeries
 Development of smart lasers with auto-adjusting
parameters
 Combined laser systems for multi-tissue
applications
 Role in digital workflows for chairside
adjustments²³,²⁴

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Conclusion

Laser technology is no longer a novelty in prosthodontics — it’s a

clinical asset. By enhancing soft tissue sculpting, impression
accuracy, implant success, and post-op recovery, lasers empower
prosthodontists to offer cutting-edge, patient-friendly care.²³

CBCT in Treatment Planning

Introduction

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has become an

indispensable tool in modern prosthodontics. Offering 3D, high-
resolution images of the maxillofacial structures, CBCT empowers
clinicians with precise anatomical insights, critical for accurate
diagnosis and treatment planning.²⁵

What is CBCT?

CBCT is a specialized imaging technology that produces three-

dimensional volumetric images by rotating around the patient’s
head, capturing multiple views. It allows for detailed visualization of
bone morphology, sinus anatomy, nerve pathways, and pathological
lesions.²⁵

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Importance in Treatment Planning

 Accurate assessment of bone quantity and

quality
 Localization of vital structures like the inferior
alveolar nerve and maxillary sinus
 Evaluation of bone defects and resorption patterns
 Planning for implant placement with guided
surgery options
 Detecting pathologies or anatomical anomalies
preoperatively²⁵

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Fig:20 - Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Source:Sharma,N.,& Yadav, V.(2021). A review on come

beam computed tomography in dentistry

https://www.ijcmr.com/uploads/7/7/4/6/77464738/
ijcmr_2288_v

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Applications in Prosthodontics
1. Dental Implant Planning

 Determines implant size, angulation, and position

 Assesses bone density for primary stability
 Facilitates guided implant surgery with
CAD/CAM surgical guides

2. Assessment of Jawbone and Surrounding Structures

 Evaluates bone grafting needs

 Diagnoses cysts, tumors, or infections affecting
prosthetic outcomes

3. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Evaluation

 Visualizes bony changes in TMJ disorders

 Aids in prosthetic rehabilitation planning involving
occlusion

4. Maxillofacial Prosthetics

 Helps design and fit prostheses for patients with

defects from trauma or surgery²⁶

Benefits of CBCT

 Provides 3D visualization unavailable with

traditional radiographs
 Non-invasive and quick procedure
 Lower radiation dose compared to medical CT
scans
 Enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient
communication

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  Improves treatment predictability and
outcomes²⁶

Limitations and Precautions

 Higher cost and limited availability in some

settings
 Requires specialized training to interpret images
 Artifacts from metal restorations can affect image
quality
 Radiation exposure, though low, must be justified²⁶

Future Perspectives

 Integration with digital workflows for seamless

planning and execution
 Use of AI algorithms for automated diagnosis and
surgical guide design
 Advances in CBCT resolution and speed
 Combining CBCT with intraoral scanners for
comprehensive oral mapping²⁶

Conclusion

CBCT has transformed prosthodontic treatment

planning by offering a detailed, three-
dimensional window into the patient’s
anatomy. Its precise imaging facilitates safer,
more predictable, and personalized prosthetic
treatments, ushering in a new era of digital
dentistry.²⁵

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Wearable Technology for Monitoring Oral Health

Introduction

Wearable technology is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-

time, continuous monitoring outside clinical settings. In dentistry,
especially prosthodontics and preventive care, wearables are emerging
as powerful tools to track oral health parameters, detect early signs
of disease, and promote better patient outcomes.¹⁵

What is Wearable Technology in Oral Health?

Wearables in oral health refer to compact, sensor-based devices that

patients can comfortably wear in or around the mouth. These devices
collect data on various biological and behavioral indicators relevant to
oral hygiene, disease risk, and prosthesis performance.¹⁵

Types of Wearable Devices

1. Smart Toothbrushes

 Equipped with sensors to monitor brushing habits

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  Provides feedback on brushing time, pressure, and
technique
 Syncs with mobile apps for personalized oral care
guidance

2. Intraoral Sensors

 Detect parameters like pH, temperature, and saliva

composition
 Identify early signs of dental caries, gingivitis, or
infection
 Used in conjunction with prostheses to monitor
tissue health

3. Wearable Mouthguards

 Embedded with biosensors for athletes or bruxism

patients
 Monitor force and frequency of teeth grinding
 Alert patients and clinicians to harmful habits

4. Orthodontic and Prosthetic Sensors

 Track device fit, wear time, and stress distribution

 Help optimize appliance adjustment and patient
compliance¹⁵

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Fig: 21 -oral wear sensors

Source: Rosenstiel SF,Lamd MF,

FujimotoJ.Comtemporary Fixed prosthodontics.5th ed
St.louis: Elsevier;2015

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S2590137022000309

Applications in Prosthodontics

 Early detection of mucosal inflammation or

ulceration under prostheses
 Monitoring of occlusal forces to prevent
prosthetic damage
 Tracking patient adherence to removable
prosthesis use
 Real-time alerts for bruxism-related risks
 Data collection for personalized treatment
modifications¹⁵

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Benefits of Wearable Technology

 Continuous, real-time data beyond clinic visits

 Enables preventive care through early problem
detection
 Improves patient engagement and self-care
motivation
 Facilitates remote monitoring and tele-dentistry
integration
 Supports customized prosthodontic treatment
plans¹⁵

Challenges and Considerations

 Device comfort and patient acceptance

 Data privacy and security concerns
 Need for standardization and calibration of
sensors
 Cost and accessibility in diverse populations
 Integration with existing dental software and
workflows¹⁵

Future Directions

 Development of biodegradable or nano-scale

sensors for minimal invasiveness
 AI-powered analytics for predictive oral health
assessments
 Integration with wearable health ecosystems
(e.g., smartwatches)
 Enhanced battery life and wireless data
transmission
 Expanded use in complex prosthodontic cases
and implant monitoring²,¹⁵

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Conclusion

Wearable technology marks a transformative

step toward proactive, personalized oral
healthcare. By harnessing continuous data
streams and intelligent analytics,
prosthodontists and patients can collaborate
more effectively to maintain oral health and
optimize prosthetic function¹⁵

Patient-Centered Care in Digital Prosthetics

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Introduction

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a healthcare approach that emphasizes

respect for and responsiveness to individual patient preferences,
needs, and values. In prosthodontics, the advent of digital
technologies has transformed how clinicians engage with patients,
ensuring treatments are not only precise but also aligned with patient
goals and comfort.³

What is Patient-Centered Care?

 Involves active patient participation in treatment

decisions
 Focuses on holistic care addressing emotional,
social, and physical needs
 Builds a therapeutic partnership between
clinician and patient
 Enhances patient satisfaction, adherence, and
outcomes³

Digital Prosthetics and PCC: The Perfect Match

Digital tools in prosthodontics facilitate:

 Customized prosthesis design based on

patient-specific anatomy and preferences
 Enhanced visualization and communication
through 3D models and simulations
 Faster treatment planning and adjustments
with digital workflows
 Improved comfort and fit through precise digital
impressions and CAD/CAM fabrication³

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Key Components of Patient-Centered Digital Prosthetics
1. Digital Smile Design (DSD)

 Engages patients by visualizing expected

outcomes before treatment
 Allows real-time modifications to align with patient
aesthetic goals

2. Intraoral Scanners and 3D Imaging

 Non-invasive, comfortable data capture enhancing

patient experience
 Provides detailed, accurate records facilitating
shared decision-making

3. Virtual Consultations and Teleprosthodontics

 Expands access and convenience

 Enables remote monitoring and follow-ups,
reducing patient travel and chair time

4. Personalized Prosthetic Fabrication

 CAD/CAM and 3D printing enable bespoke

prostheses tailored to unique patient needs¹⁶

Benefits of Patient-Centered Digital Prosthetics

 Enhanced patient engagement and trust

 Improved clinical outcomes through tailored
treatment plans
 Reduced treatment time and appointments
 Greater predictability and satisfaction
 Facilitation of informed consent and realistic
expectations³

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Challenges and Considerations

 Need for clinician training in digital tools and

patient communication
 Managing patient data privacy and security
 Ensuring equitable access to digital technologies
 Balancing technology with empathy to maintain
human touch³

Future Trends

 Integration of AI-driven personalized treatment

planning
 Enhanced virtual and augmented reality tools
for immersive patient education
 Use of wearable and sensor data to monitor
prosthesis performance and oral health
 Development of patient portals for ongoing
engagement and feedback¹⁶

Conclusion

Digital prosthetics, combined with a patient-

centered approach, represent the future of
prosthodontic care. By leveraging technology
to place patients at the heart of decision-
making, clinicians can deliver treatments that
are not only precise but truly personalized.³

Reference:

1. Shillingburg HT, Sather DA, Wilson EL, Cain JR, Mitchell DL, Blanco LJ, Kessler
JC. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing;
2012.

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 2. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. 5th ed. St.
Louis: Elsevier; 2015.
3. Zarb GA, Hobkirk J, Eckert S, Jacob R. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous
Patients: Complete Dentures and Implant-Supported Prostheses. 13th ed. St. Louis:
Elsevier; 2013.
4. Carr AB, Brown DT. McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics. 13th ed. St.
Louis: Elsevier; 2015.
5. Stewart KL, Rudd KD, Kuebker WA. Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.
2nd ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 1983.
6. Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, DeFreest CF. Stewart’s Clinical Removable Partial
Prosthodontics. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 2008.
7. Beumer J, Curtis TA, Marunick MT. Maxillofacial Rehabilitation: Prosthodontic and
Surgical Considerations. 3rd ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 2011.
8. Winkler S. Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics. 2nd ed. New Delhi:
AITBS Publishers; 2009.
9. Ahmad I. Prosthodontics at a Glance, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell; 2022.
A concise overview including digital workflows, CAD/CAM, intraoral scanning,
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