Business English
VOCABULARY BUILDING:
🔹 Companies & Corporate Structure
Corporation
Enterprise
Startup
Subsidiary
Headquarters
Branch
Stakeholder
Shareholder
Board of Directors
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
CFO (Chief Financial Officer)
Manager
Executive
Department
Division
Merger
Acquisition
🔹 Employers & Employment Terms
Employer
Employee
Workforce
Staff
Recruit
Hire
Onboard
Layoff
Termination
Resignation
Dismissal
Contract
Full-time / Part-time
Freelance / Contractor
Intern / Internship
Job description
Job opening
Job offer
Employment agreement
🔹 Workplace & Office Culture
Remote work / Telecommuting
Hybrid model
In-office
Workload
Collaboration
Teamwork
Productivity
Performance
Goals
Milestones
Deadline
Efficiency
Workplace policy
Company culture
Code of conduct
🔹 Employee Benefits
Benefits package
Health insurance
Dental insurance
Vision insurance
Retirement plan / Pension
401(k)
Bonus
Raise / Salary increase
Promotion
Stock options
Equity
Wellness program
Gym membership
Subsidy
Childcare assistance
🔹 Leave & Time Off
Paid leave
Unpaid leave
Sick leave
Vacation / Annual leave
Maternity leave
Paternity leave
Parental leave
Sabbatical
Personal day
Comp time (Compensatory time)
Public holiday
Leave of absence
🔹 HR & Policy Vocabulary
Human Resources (HR)
HR department
Policy
Procedure
Compliance
Grievance
Discrimination
Harassment
Disciplinary action
Performance review
Appraisal
Promotion criteria
Exit interview
💼 What is a 401(k)?
A 401(k) is a retirement savings plan offered by many companies in the United States. It helps
employees save money for the future after they stop working.
🧾 How does it work?
Employees choose to put part of their paycheck into the 401(k) plan.
That money is invested (in stocks, mutual funds, etc.).
Many companies also add extra money to the employee’s account — this is called a "match".
The money grows without taxes until the employee retires.
After age 59½, employees can withdraw the money without a penalty.
📘 Example:
“Our company gives a 5% match on 401(k) contributions. It’s a great way to save for
retirement.”
📚 Useful Vocabulary:
Retirement plan – a system to save money for old age
Employer match – extra money the company adds to help you save
Tax-deferred – you pay taxes later, not now
Withdrawal – when you take money out
Penalty – a fine or extra cost if you break the rules (for example, withdrawing money too early)
VIDEO: https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/06/uber-ceo-says-changing-employee-benefits-
is-a-risk-we-decided-to-take.html?utm_source=tldrnewsletter
NEW VOCABULARY: ACTIVITIES
✏️Part 1: Match the Definition
Instructions: Match the terms in Column A with the correct
definitions in Column B. Write the correct letter next to each
number.
Column A Column B
a) A structured process of helping new employees
1. Resignation
integrate into the company
2. Promotion b) A formal process of leaving a job voluntarily
3. Sabbatical c) An extended break from work, often used for
Column A Column B
study, travel, or rest
d) Being advanced to a higher position, often with
4. Pension
more responsibilities
5. Performance e) A formal assessment of an employee’s
review achievements and areas for growth
6. f) Working remotely, often from home, using
Telecommuting digital communication tools
g) Termination of employment due to budget cuts
7. Layoff
or restructuring
h) A retirement benefit paid out after years of
8. Onboarding
service
🧩 Part 2: Fill in the Blanks
Instructions: Use the words in the box to complete the sentences
with the most appropriate term.
(job offer, employee benefits, maternity leave, freelance, CEO,
deadline, raise, department)
1. After several rounds of interviews, she finally received a
formal __________ from the tech firm.
2. In many countries, __________ is legally protected and lasts
several weeks or months.
3. He works as a __________ consultant, which allows him to take
on projects with flexible hours.
4. The company’s __________ announced a new strategy focused
on global expansion.
5. We’re under pressure to complete the report by Friday—it’s
the final __________.
6. Each __________ has been asked to cut costs by 10% this
quarter.
7. She was thrilled to receive a __________ after exceeding her
sales targets.
8. Private health insurance is one of the most valued __________
offered by the company.
🔄 Part 3: Multiple Choice
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following is most likely unpaid?
a) Vacation leave
b) Sick leave
c) Sabbatical
d) Parental leave
2. A performance review typically includes:
a) Instructions for new hires
b) Discussion of the employee’s work progress and feedback
c) An offer for a new role in another company
d) A disciplinary meeting
3. A pension is usually:
a) A one-time bonus
b) Part of a health insurance package
c) A retirement income plan provided by the employer
d) A time-off benefit
4. An employee working on short-term projects without a fixed
contract is a:
a) Shareholder
b) Freelancer
c) Director
d) Stakeholder
✅ Answer Key
Part 1: Match the Definition
1 – b
2 – d
3 – c
4 – h
5 – e
6 – f
7 – g
8 – a
Part 2: Fill in the Blanks
1. job offer
2. maternity leave
3. freelance
4. CEO
5. deadline
6. department
7. raise
8. employee benefits
Part 3: Multiple Choice
1. c) Sabbatical
2. b) Discussion of the employee’s work progress and feedback
3. c) A retirement income plan provided by the employer
4. b) Freelancer