THE TRUST

Marudhar Arts® stands as a distinguished legacy of Three

Generations, dedicated to Excellence and Integrity in the fields of
Numismatics and Philately.
Each lot featured in our auctions undergoes meticulous
examination by our in-house team of specialists under the expert
guidance of Renowned Experts in World, Maru II and Maru
III, ensuring that only the most authentic and exceptional pieces are
presented.
Should there arise even the slightest uncertainty regarding
authenticity, Marudhar Arts extends its Royal Assurance your
trust shall be honored without question.
(For further details, kindly refer to the Terms & Conditions section).
 Shri. Prem Ratan Ji (Maru I)

7th June 1948 , 26th July 2024

(शुुक्ल पक्ष अष्टमीी, वि�क्रम संं वत्् 2005) - (कृृ ष्ण पक्ष षष्टमीी, वि�क्रम संं वत्् 2081)
 Late Shri. Prem Ratan Maru
A Tribute to the Legacy of the Visionary Founder of
India’s Only Three-Generation Numismatic and Philatelic Auction House
Late Shri. Prem Ratan Maru, born on 7th June 1948 in
Bikaner (Rajasthan), to the Army Veteran Late Shri. Jethmal Ji Even in his later years, Prem Ratan Ji’s commitment
Maru, was a man who nurtured a profound passion for philately, to excellence never wavered. His passion for philately,
numismatics, and intellectual pursuits. Following in the noble numismatics, and his family remained the guiding lights of his
footsteps of his father, who bravely served in Basra (Iraq) during life. Through his dedication, he placed Bikaner on the global map
The World War II, as part of the Bikaner State Army, Prem of philatelic and numismatic circles. His generous guidance to
Ratan Ji grew up absorbing values of discipline, patriotism, and fellow collectors earned him worldwide respect, and his legacy
unwavering dedication to both family and Nation. of learning continues to inspire future generations.

From a very young age, Prem Ratan Ji demonstrated On 26th July 2024, Prem Ratan Ji passed away, leaving
an insatiable curiosity for learning. His interests in studies, behind a rich legacy of knowledge, discipline, and inspiration.
history, astronomy, astrology and philately began when he was Though he may no longer be with us in person, his spirit continues
just a child. At the tender age of 10, his fascination with stamps to guide those who knew him. His remarkable journey from a
sparked a passion for collecting a hobby that soon blossomed curious young boy to a global icon in philately will forever be
into a lifelong pursuit. What began as a child’s curiosity became remembered by all who had the privilege of crossing paths with
a powerful force that shaped his life. him.

In the early years of his career, Prem Ratan Ji opened We honour our beloved father and a founder with
a small shop named Madhu General Store on Mahatma the highest respect and gratitude. His life serves as a shining
Gandhi Road in Bikaner. Over time, his keen eye for detail example of unwavering commitment to his passions, his family,
and his growing collection of stamps and coins, combined with and his values. In all that we do, we strive to uphold the legacy
his love for literature and intellectual exploration, led to the of integrity, excellence, and honour that Late Shri Prem Ratan
foundation of Novel Emporium, a thriving business that became Maru Ji has left for us to follow.
a treasure trove for philatelic and numismatic enthusiasts. Novel
Emporium was not merely a place of commerce but a hub for
knowledge, attracting scholars, researchers, and collectors alike. Today Prem Ratan Ji is no longer with us, the passion and
love for collecting that he inspired in countless hearts will
Beyond his entrepreneurial success, Prem Ratan Ji live on forever.
was an active journalist throughout his life. He published a
daily newspaper and contributed thought-provoking columns
on a wide range of subjects to various publications. His writing
reflected his deep engagement with society and his unrelenting
quest for knowledge. The Prem Ratan Maru Fellowship
A Legacy to Support Philatelic and
As a man of scholarship, Prem Ratan Ji became not
only an avid collector but also an author, publishing numerous Numismatic Research
research articles in national and international journals. His
profound knowledge of postal history, particularly of British India
and the Indian Princely States, helped uncover several historical
discoveries. His contributions to philately and numismatics
gained him recognition both in India and abroad, and he became
a respected figure among collectors, guiding many to build
award-winning collections.

In 1965, he married Madhu Devi, daughter of Late Shri

Nemichand Ji of Sardarshahar (Churu District), who stood by
his side through every phase of life. Together, they nurtured a
family rooted in the values of hard work, integrity, and service
to society. Prem Ratan Ji was blessed with Three sons, Three
daughter-in-laws, and Seven grand children. His progressive
ideals were exemplified through the dowry-free marriages of all
his children. He was also blessed with seven grandchildren, and
his legacy of love, equality, and wisdom continued to flourish
through them.

Prem Ratan Ji’s impact extended far beyond his In 2019, we proudly established an annual fellowship program
business endeavours. He was a mentor, guide, and scholar in the name of our founder, the esteemed Prem Ratan Maru
who enriched the lives of not just his family but also the wider Fellowship, to advance the fields of philately and numismatic
community. His children and grandchildren were deeply inspired research. This initiative has not only supported several
by his commitment to learning, discipline, and the pursuit of students in their primary education but has also extended
knowledge. For him, philately was not just a business; it was vital assistance for their academic journeys.
a scholarly endeavour that ignited the curiosity of researchers,
students, and fellow enthusiasts alike.
+91 88670 29800 [email protected]
 Terms & Conditions
Auctioneer and Auction the Hammer Commission, all Slab of GSTs along with
Dear Bidders, Please Note Payment Deadline is 7 days from the instructed Shipping Mode). Any Situation of Part Payment
date of the concluded this auction. In case of Non-Payment, the defaulters to Total Invoice will not pay any kind of Compensating of
name will be published on our website and will also Circulate with other Interest by Auctioneer.
auction houses of India as well Overseas. 3. Minimum Shipping charges will be 400Rs (for the regular
Please be Very clear before place the bidding. Speed Post), it’s applicable for one winning lot or any
This Auction is presenting by Marudhar Arts (hereafter number of lots. Unless the instruction for shipping by
referred as “Auctioneer”) as identified with the Antique License from the Insured Post Blue Dart / Pawan Courier or any another
Archaeological Department of India Under the License No. 01/2011. Mode (Which may attract more add-on to shipping or
The Auction is conducted in accordance with the Terms and Insurance Charges)
Conditions of Auction and is subject to Indian law. The Auctioneer reserves
the right to include their own item(s) in the auction, as well as material from Grading / Description / Photos / Weight
affiliated companies, principals, officers, employees, or related parties. 1. Bidder has to acknowledge that Grading(s) /Description(s)/
Auctioneer reserves the rights: weight for most of the coins in Auction sale have been determined by
1. To Reject / Cancel any bid at any time on any lot(s). independent grading services /experts. Coins grading, condition and
2. To withdraw any item from the auction. descriptions are subjective. Please note that Auctioneer does not warrant the
3. To place the bids on behalf of the consigner up to the amount accuracy of such grading, condition, description or weight. All photographs
of reserves price in this catalogue are of the actual items offered for sale in this auction but
established by the consigner. Auctioneer will not accept a may not be the actual size or to scale. If the bidder feels that the description
or condition is not satisfactory to him while viewing an item, Bidder may
reserve price from a consigner
either avail a high-Resolution image or Video which will be sent on
above the high estimate shown in the catalogues for auction. request (or can View the Lot(s) on Live Whatsapp Video call, if this not
Bidder satisfy the bidder, the item may view physically. But all these measures
1. Any person participating or registering for the Online Auction(s) are to taken before bidding(s). No complaints shall be entertained after
| Real Time Bidding or Floor Bidding or to buy any item offered bidding(s) or hammering.
in this sale agrees & accepts these Terms and Conditions of the 2. Lot(s) are hammered / sold as shown with all faults,
Auction and hereafter that person is referred as “Bidder”. imperfections and or errors of description. Neither the auctioneer nor the
2. If any unit/entity places a bid, then the individual executing the Consigner / seller is liable for any fault or error of description. All statements
bid on behalf of the unit/entity agrees to personally guarantee payment for as to the items hammered / sold, at any point, are statements of opinion only.
any successful bid. The auctioneer reserves the right in forming his opinion, to consult and rely
Bidding upon any expert or authority considered by him reliable. Notwithstanding
1. The Auction will conduct in Indian Rupees Only. the aforementioned, should any lot been wrongly described in any material
2. The bid placed by a bidder is irrevocable and definitive. It aspect, the bidder / buyer / Winner may reject the same, provided that he gives
cannot be withdrawn under any circumstances. written notice to do so and return the same to the auctioneer within seven (7)
3. Auctioneer will not be responsible for any kind(s) of errors in days from the day of the receive the winning lot(s). Under no circumstances
Bidding (typographical error in Amount), so please make sure that every will the auctioneer be liable for any costs, expenses or damages incurred
bid(s) has to placed correctly. Auctioneer will also not be responsible for by the buyer in respect of any lot, including, but not limited to, loss of any
Internet bids submitted after the published closing time or hammered the kind of profit whatsoever. Bidders are advised to scrutinize the lots they
lot(s); nor for any Internet delay from the Bidder’s end. bid for.
4. Auctioneer shall make maximum efforts to properly enter General Terms
and execute bid received by eMail, or by any other mode or digital media. 1. The auctioneer acts solely as an agent and shall not be
However, The Auctioneer shall not be liable for any errors for incorrectly responsible for any default/error by either the buyer or the seller or for any
entered on incorrectly executed bids. The Bidder(s) are only responsible for action or claim which may arise in respect of any lot.
their bid(s) including any errors they may make in placing bid(s) in Lot 2. Buyers must satisfy themselves as to the accuracy of their
number or amount. purchases at the time of delivery. The auctioneer cannot be held responsible
5.The highest qualified Bidder of any lot recognized by the for any discrepancy which might be discovered after the lots have been
Auctioneer shall be the Winner. In case of a tie bid, the initial bid received removed from either the auction room or the auctioneer’s premises.
will be considered as winner. In the event of any dispute between any 3. The auctioneer is not responsible for the safe custody of any
Bidder(s) at an Auction, Auctioneer may at his sole discretion reoffer the lots left beyond seven (7) working days after the date of hammer / sale, and
lot. Auctioneer’s decision and declaration of the winning Bidder shall reserves the right to charge storage and re-sell by auction or privately, and
be firm and final(s). without notice to the buyer.
6. Auctioneer does not subscribe to the theory of hidden and 4. If any Auction invoice submitted by Auctioneer is not paid
undeclared Reserve prices. Our auctions are totally transparent without any in full when due, the unpaid balance will bear interest at the highest rate
such Reserves. Hence the estimate price of each item is the genuine starting permitted by law from the date of invoice until paid. Any invoice not paid
price. when due will bear a Two & a Half percent (2½ %) interest per month. If the
7. Each bidder has to register for the auction and will therefore Auctioneer refers any.
be required to fill up a registration form with full address, telephone number invoice to an attorney for collection, the buyer agrees to pay
and email ID along with Valid Government I’d card along with PAN card, attorney’s fees, court costs, and other collection costs incurred by Auctioneer.
each bidder form has to be signed by the bidder. By filling up the form, the 5. After the auction, if during the transit or due to any other reason
bidder is deemed to have undertaken to fulfil the conditions of the Auction. if auction lot(s) are lost than auctioneer is not liable to give the delivery if
By making a bid, each buyer acknowledges his/her acceptance of these the said lot(s).
conditions and shall be bound by them. 6.Those bidders who have not paid their previous bills and
8. Those bidders who are new to the Auctioneer may be required also the bidders who are not known to auctioneer, in such circumstances
to furnish trade references may have to pay a refundable deposit. auctioneer has right to take the deposits from such bidders, and if they do
9. While registered bidders who have fulfilled condition No. 7 are not give deposits, auctioneer has right to prevent such bidder to take part in
free to bid in person, postal or email. Buy bids will only be accepted from the auction.
bidders who are well known to the auctioneer. 7. The auctioneer has a right to ask for photo identification (ID)
10. If any Respective Bidder(s) submits any “Bid to Win” proof from the bidder, issued by government or semi government authorities
for LOT(s), via post, eMail, call, SMS or digital media. It means that the & PAN Card as well.
instructions to the Auctioneer that instructed LOT has bid on behalf of 8. The estimate figure below each lot are the auctioneer’s estimate
the Respective Bidder until all the opposing BIDS are exhausted, and the of an expected price only bids which are less than the lower estimate will not
LOT will be awarded to the asking Bidder(s) at the maximum hammer be consider by the auctioneer.
price; even if the Bidding Amount reaches more than INFINITE TIMES 9. By making a bid the Bidder(s) / Buyer(s) acknowledges his/her
of its estimated value. acceptance of these Conditions and shall be bound by them
Genuineness / Guarantee
Delivery, Payment & Shipping Auctioneer offers Life-Time Guarantee of The Genuineness of
1. Delivery of the lot(s) will be done only once the full the Lot(s)/ item(s) Sold (unless removed from its original packing, if item
payments are received. is removed from its original packing Auctioneer will not be responsible
2. Complete & Full Payment, has to made in 7 Days from for same).
the Date of Hammer, Including the Public or Festival Insurance
Holiday’s; in any situations of The Dealy of Payment after Optional transit insurance is available for the lots only at the cost
the 7 Days will attract the 2½ % for Per Month Rate of of 2% on billed invoice.
interest on the Performa Invoice amount (Which Including
continued...
Payment NOTE:
1. Payment is due immediately upon the close of the auction. 1. The final value of the item shall include the item’s closing
Payment is delinquent and in default if not received in full, in good funds, price, the buyer’s premium, applicable GST, shipping charges, and
within seven (7) calendar days of the Auction Sale (the “Default Date”), insurance. All shipping charges shall be borne by the successful bidder.
without exception, time being of the essence. Unless otherwise agreed 2. Any request for shipping verification regarding undelivered
in writing prior to the Auction Sale, all auction sales are payable strictly packages must be submitted by the buyer within 15 days from the date of
in immediately through Bank Transfer, Credit Cards or online Gateway shipment.
Payment will add on 2% Surcharge to Billed amount. Buyers will be 3. Bidders placing bids are bound to adhere to the payment
charged as all applicable sales tax. terms and conditions. Kindly ensure that you bid only if you are capable
2. In any case if a Winning Bidder(s) / Buyer(s) fails to pay any of completing the payment within the stipulated time. Failure to make
amount for the lot(s) he/she has won, Auctioneer reserves all the rights to payment will result in a permanent ban from participating in future
sell the lot(s) to any other bidders in the Auction that the lot(s) appeared, or auctions. Additionally, the defaulter’s name and complete details will be
relist the lot(s) in a future auction conducted by Auctioneer. shared with other auctioneers across India and published on social media
3. A defaulting Bidder / Buyer agrees to pay for the reasonable platforms. Please bid responsibly, after thoroughly evaluating your ability
costs of resale (including a 12.5% Seller’s commission + GST, if to honour your commitment.
consigned to an auction conducted by Auctioneer). The defaulting Bidder’s 4. Auctioneer reserves the right to revise, edit, or make necessary
Membership Fee will be forfeited against the commission & if there is any corrections to a system-generated invoice in the event of any discrepancies
difference in the amount is liable to it to the Auctioneer. The Defaulting identified
Bidder will be Black-Listed from the Auction House. 5. Auctioneer will not be held responsible for any technical
issues encountered on your end, including but not limited to internet speed
Shipping/Handling Charges or browser-related problem
1. Minimum Shipping charges will be 400Rs including GST (for 6. By placing a bid, the buyer acknowledges and accepts
the regular Speed Post), it’s applicable for one winning lot or any Auctioneer’s auction terms and conditions and agrees to be bound by them
number of lots. Unless the instruction for shipping by Insured 7. These conditions shall be governed by and construed in
Post / Blue Dart / Pawan Courier or any another Mode (Which accordance with the laws of India.
may attract more add-on to shipping or Insurance Charges).
Estimates: 8. As per the amended Section 271DA of the Income Tax Act
The estimate figures below each lot are the auctioneer’s (effective from 01.04.2017), Auctioneer can’t accept the payment in cash
estimation of an expected price only. These estimates are not representative of ₹2,00,000 (Two Lakh) or above, it can be done through the Cheque or
of a reserve price and are published only as a guide to Bidder / buyers. Demand Draft (in favouring Marudhar Arts payable at Bangalore),
Bidders may bid within the estimate or above the estimate, however, Credit Cards or online Gateway Payment will add on 2% Surcharge to
bids which are less than the low estimate will not be considered by the Billed amount. Our Banking Detail as followed A/C Name: - Marudhar
auctioneer. Arts. A/C Type: - Current
Important Terms Bank Name: SBI Bank, A/C No: 31823905540 of Bangalore Church
Auctioneer Guarantees the Authenticity of all items / Street, IFSC Code: SBIN0007987
products (Lots) sold and offers a lifetime assurance against counterfeit
items. If any sold item is determined to be counterfeit, it may be returned 9. As per the amended Section 206C of the Income Tax Act
for a refund of the hammer price and the buyer’s premium ONLY. Any (effective from 01.06.2016), if the consideration (or any part of it) is
Paid GST will also be refunded as per applicable government regulations received in cash for the sale of goods or provision of services exceeding
(GST Credit Note Issuance Timeline either Before coming 30th Nov or ₹2,00,000 (Two Lakh), TCS at 1% will be collected. The buyer must also
if The Sale concluded after 30th Nov then the GST Credit Note Issuance provide PAN details for compliance.
Timeline will be Coming April 30th).
All items/products (lots) are described to the best of our Buyer’s Premium, Service tax & GST
knowledge and expertise. However, descriptions may contain errors, • A winning bidder has to pay 15% Buyer’s Premium
omissions, or inaccuracies regarding the condition or other details. Bidders (Commission) on Hammered Price & 18% GST will also be add on to
are strongly advised to personally inspect the items/products (lots) before the Buyer’s Premium amount (Commission), totalling to 17.7%.
bidding to ensure they are satisfied with the condition and description. Items • GST will be added on to Hammered Value as respective
are sold “as-is,” with all faults, imperfections, and errors in description. the 3% GST on Gold and Silver Jewellery (H.S.N. 7113), 5% GST on
Statements regarding the items are opinions only, and Auctioneer reserves Numismatics or Philatelic commodity (H.S.N. 9705) & 12% GST on
the right to consult experts or authorities when forming these opinions. Autographs and Others.
In cases of material misdescription, buyers may reject the item i.e.
provided notice is given, and the item is returned to Auctioneer within (i) if the winning Lot(s) amount is ₹1,00,000 of HSN 7113 then
30 days of the sale. Under no circumstances will Auctioneer be liable for all together will be 1,20,700.
any costs, expenses, or damages incurred by the buyer, including, but not (ii) if the winning Lot(s) amount is ₹1,00,000 of HSN 9705 then
limited to, loss of profits or incidental costs. all together will be 1,22,700
Auctioneer does not Guarantee or endorse the opinions or (iii) if the winning Lot(s) amount is ₹1,00,000 of HSN 9705
assessments of third party grading agencies such as NGC, PCGS, (Autographs, or Other than Numismatic & Philatelic) then all
or any other certification body / agencies regarding the condition or together will be 1,29,700
quality of items / products (Lots). Shipping, Packaging, Handling Charges and Insurance are extra, as
In disputes concerning the authenticity or genuineness of a lot, Mentioned as above.
resolution will require certification from a recognized third-party grading Subject to Bangalore (Karnataka) jurisdiction, if any.
or certification agency (e.g., NGC or PCGS). Oral claims or unsupported
opinions will not be accepted as valid grounds for dispute.
Refunds for counterfeit items will include only the hammer price
and the buyer’s premium. Auctioneer will not be responsible for third-party
grading costs, shipping, postage, travel expenses, or any damages incurred
during transit along with GST (Subject to time line and as per Government
Regulations)
These terms are designed to ensure transparency and fairness in
all transactions.

Intellectual Property (Copyright) Notice

All images and descriptions of any lot(s) featured in this or any
previous auction conducted by Auctioneer are the exclusive intellectual
property of Auctioneer.
Any use, reproduction, or distribution of these materials; whether
in print, digital, or any other form; without prior written permission is
strictly prohibited.
We appreciate your cooperation in respecting our proprietary
content, if you wish to use any of our materials, we will be happy to
consider your request. Permission must be obtained in advance through
email or official written communication, and shall be acknowledged by
Auctioneer in the appropriate format.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Kushan Coins by Robert Gobl

• Michael Mitchiner-Ancient Trade and Early Coinage - Part I & Part II
• Michael Mitchiner-The Coinage and History of Southern India, Karnataka-Andhra Part-I (1998)
• Michael Mitchiner-The Coinage and History of Southern India, Tamilnadu-Kerala Part-II (1998)
• Kushan, Kushano-Sassanian Coins and Kidarite Coins by David Jongeward& Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan
• Punch Marked Coins of Early Historic India-Dilip Rajgor
• Archaic Coinage of the Godavari Valley and The Deccan – Prashant P Kulkarni
• The Gupta Gold Coins of Bayana Hoard - Prof. A. S. Altekar NSI Varanasi 1954.
• Treasures of the Gupta Empire-Sanjeev Kumar
• Punchmarked Coinage of the Indian Sub-continent-T. Hardekar
• Ancient Indian Coins-W. Pieper
• The Coins of Tamilnadu - A. Seetharaman
• The Pallava Coins – R. Krishnamurthy
• Karnataka Coins-K. Ganesh
• Living Without Silver – John S Deyell
• Lakshmi Bearer Of Riches Indian Gold Coinage After The Tenth Century Book-John S Deyell
• The Coinage and History of Vijayanagara Empire-Dr.M.Girijapathi
• Journals of the Oriental Numismatic Society
• Coins of Indian Sultanates-Stan Goron and J.P.Goenka (G&G)-New Delhi, 2001
• South Asian Coins and Paper Money Indian Edition-2013 by RajenderMaru, Krause Publications
• The Coinage of Assam-N.G.Rhodes, S.K.Bose
• The Commerical Coinage of Koch Kingdom-S.K.Bose
• Maratha Mints and Coinage-K. K Maheshwari, Kenneth W.Wiggins
• Coins of the Sikh Empire Punjab and the CIS-Sutlej States-Saran Singh Sidhu & Dalwinder Singh Sidhu
• The Nawabs and Kings of Awadh and their Coinage-Mohit Kapoor & Dinesh Master
• Coins of Princely State of Jaipur-Deepak Haritwal
• Moedas Portuguesas-Alberto Gomes
• The Coins of the English East India Company Presidency Series-Paul Stevens
• The Coins of British Commonwealth of Nations - F. Pridmore
• British India Coins - Paul Stevens & Randy Weir
• Standard Catalogue of Coins of British India-Dilip Rajgor & Gev Kias
• Coin Sets of India-DilipRajgor, Ravi Shankar Sharma, Manish Agarwal
• Coin Sets of India-Medal Yearbook 2007- Medal News
• Indian Princely Medals - Tony McCleanghan
• Maharajahs’ Paltans - Tony McCleanghan and Richard Head
• Paper Money of Independent & Republic India – Rajender Maru & Archie Maru
• The Revised standard reference guide to Indian Paper Money-Kishore Jhunjhunwalla & Rezwan Razack
 Marudhar Arts® Floor & Real-Time Live Auction No.52
Friday, 7th Nov. 2025 • IST 12:30 p.m. onwards

Order of Sale

Primitive Money Lot No. 001 to 010

Coins of Ancient India & World Lot No. 011 to 059
Coins of Medieval India Lot No. 060 to 084
Coins of Sultanates India Lot No. 085 to 117
Coins of Mughal Emperors of India Lot No. 118 to 221
Coins of Indian Independent Kingdoms Lot No. 222 to 244
Coins of Indian Princely states Lot No. 245 to 293
Coins of European Enclaves of India Lot No. 294 to 325
Coins of Presidencies of India Lot No. 326 to 331
Coins of British India Lot No. 332 to 349
Republic India Coins & Proof sets Lot No. 350 to 351
Worldwide Coins & Proof sets Lot No. 352 to 356
Medals, Medallions, Badges, Pendent Lot No. 357 to 369
Error Coins Lot No. 370 to 376
Paper Money Lot No. 377 to 404
Philately Lot No. 405

Payment Defaulter’s Names shall be published in our website. Please be clear before bidding.

Antique License No. 01 | GST No. 29ACLPM3367R1ZL

Buyer’s Premium, Service tax & GST

• A winning bidder has to pay 15% Buyer’s Premium (Commission) on Hammered Price & 18% GST will also be added
to the Buyer’s Premium amount (Commission), totaling to 17.7%.
• Plus 5% GST on the Hammered Amount of Numismatics commodity (H.S.N. 9705), 3% GST on Gold and Silver
Jewellery (H.S.N. 7113), 5% GST on Philatelic Commodity (H.S.N. 9704) & 12% GST on Autographs and Others.
Shipping, Packaging, Handling and Insurance charges are extra.
(i.e., If a winning lot hammer value of a coin is ₹1,00,000, then ₹1,00,000 {Hammer Value} + ₹15,000 {Hammer Commission} + ₹2,700
{18% GST on Commission} + ₹5,000 {GST H.S.N. 9705 on Hammer Value} = ₹1,22,700 + applicable shipping charges.)

Banking Details
Account Name : Marudhar Arts
Account Type : Current
A/C No : 31823905540
Bank: State Bank of India • Branch:Church Street Bangalore
RTGS / NEFT : IFSC - SBIN0007987

Please Note : Items over 100 years old cannot be taken out of India without the permission of the Director General,
Archaelogical Survey of India, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 011
 Auction
52
Coins of Ancient India > Primitive Money

Coins of Ancient India

Harappan Primitive Money (3000-2500 BC)

2x

1. Indus Valley Civilization, Gold Disk (3), Group of 3 Disks, various sizes with a central hole, generally used for necklaces but allegedly also for
trade, given the great variety of size & weight, known from excavations at Harappan sites, 0.10 to 0.3gms, 4.5 to 7.2mm, about extremely fine,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000
Note: A pair of gold disk-shaped beads similar to those found in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in the Mandi hoard. With serrated
edges, they are delicately manufactured. It is widely believed that they date back to the Harappan period around 2000 BC, making them one of the
oldest precious metal jewelry components found in India. It is likely that they served both as a means of exchange as well as a means for storing
value.

2. Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Carnelian Beads with White Enamel Etching, A set of five carnelian beads of varying size and shapes, each
featuring white enamel etching along the edges and a central perforation. Such beads were traditionally used as nishka - serving both as decorative
elements in jewelry and as a medium of barter in ancient trade, 0.17 to 0.98g, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-35,000

Primitive Money (300-100 BC)

4
3
3. Rigvedic Period, Gold Nishka Taurine/triratna inverted with Human face, 1.4g, 10.96mm, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

4. Rigvedic Period, Gold Mukut with Emerald, Gold Mukut artistically designed with a emerald inserted in the center, ancient jewellery used as
barter, a real Columbian emerald found at Vidarbha site, 0.9g, 10mm, 6.53 inner diameter, nice quality, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

5 6

5. Rigvedic Period, Gold Ball (Fullerene crystal Ball-like object), Perhaps used for barter as primitive money, 0.5g, 7.68mm, good quality, about
extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

6. Ujjaini Region, Shunga Period, Gold Jewelry- Ring/Mukut, Ancient jewelry traditionally used for barter. The ornament is elegantly designed
with two taurines, reflecting the craftsmanship and cultural significance of the era, 2.3g, 19.66x18.9mm, 19.05 inner diameter, luster, toning, about
extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000
9
Coins of Ancient India > Primitive Money • Punch Marked Coins

Primitive Money (c. 100 BC)

7. Satavahana Period, Gold Jewelry - Earring, Earring with aquamarine stone and a pearl bead inserted and intricate artistic decoration.
Historically, this exquisite piece of jewelry also served as a form of barter, 2.4g, 17.28x24.6mm, nice quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

8. Satavahana period, Gold Jewelry - Ring with Ruby, Antique handmade gold ring artistically designed with a ruby gemstone inserted in the
center, 4.8g, 23.34x30.21mm, 19.68mm inner diameter, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 60,000-70,000

9. Ancient Etched Quartz Beads Necklace/Bracelet (2nd–3rd Century CE), Total 9 Beads, 11.6g, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
This refined necklace or bracelet is composed of ancient quartz beads dating to the 2nd–3rd century CE. Each bead was produced through a complex
technique in which artisans applied a special alkaline paste to the surface and then baked it to achieve rich, lustrous colors. Multiple firings with
varying pigments sometimes produced layered tones and subtle surface textures, visible even today.
These beads originate from Dangwada in Madhya Pradesh, an important center situated along ancient trade routes that connected Central India
with China. Historical references, including those of the Buddhist monk Fa-Hien during the reign of Chandragupta II (Gupta dynasty, early 5th
century CE), attest to the region’s prominence in commerce and cultural exchange. A fine example of early craftsmanship reflecting the artistic and
mercantile sophistication of ancient India.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000
Note: These ancient beads have been thoughtfully restrung into a newly crafted necklace/bracelet to enhance their visual appeal and preservation.
Given the natural irregularities in bead size and shape, achieving a perfectly graduated alignment is often challenging; however, this piece succeeds
in presenting a remarkably balanced and harmonious composition. A unique and fascinating offering, the first of its kind ever presented by us.

10. Primitive Money (4-5 Century CE), Gupta Period, Gold Jewelry – Kundala (Sarpa-Yugala Āliṅgana Type)
An exquisite kundala (ear ornament) from the Gupta period, featuring the Sarpa-Yugala Āliṅgana motif, two entwined serpents symbolizing
protection and eternity. Crafted in high-purity gold, such pieces were worn by nobility and also served as primitive barter objects in early trade,
10.6g, 21.9mm, nice quality, original patina with toning, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 60,000-80,000
Note: Simple yet deeply symbolic, this elegant example represents the refined artistry and spiritual iconography of the Gupta era.

Punch Marked Coins

11 12
11. Vidarbha Janapada (600-300 BC), Painganga River system, Silver ½ Karshapana, Archaic period, ABCC type, Obv: four punches consisting
of an elephant walking to right, an annulet surrounded by taurines, 2x double triskeles, Rev: traces of counter struck of an another coin symbols,
1.7g, 15.04x17.57mm, (Kulkarni-Godavari, 2022 # Over-type M227), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000
12. Shakya Janapada (600-500 BC), Narhan Hoard type, Silver 5 Shana, Scyphate, Obv: a single bold punched pentagon-shaped symbol with
a dot in the center, banker’s marks (sun, wheel) around the field, Rev: uniface, 6.5g, 29.2x21.2mm, (Rajgor Series 33 # 530/Hardekar 2019 # NH
1), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
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Coins of Ancient India > Punch Marked Coins

Punch Marked Coins

13 14

13. Shakya Janapada (600-500 BC), Narhan Hoard type, Square Silver 5 Shana, Archaic period, Obv: a single bold punched symbol consisting
of two crescents with dots, the banker’s marks including a spoked wheel, taurine, and other ancillary symbols around the field, Rev: uniface, 6.6g,
20.36x17.14mm, (Rajgors Series 33 # 534/T. Hardekar, 2019 # NH 16), toning, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000
14. Kashi Janapada (600-465 BC), Jaunpur Region, Silver Vimshatika, Archaic period, ABCC and Wheel type, Obv: four composite geometrical
symbols, including a circle with a whorled design, a composite geometrical design and a pair of wheels, other ancillary symbols, Rev: banker’s
marks, 5.0g, 23.10x21.5mm, (T. Hardekar, 2019 # KA 132), choice very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

15. Matsya Janapada (500-400 BC), Chambal Valley, Silver 2½ Shana, Archaic period, Droplet type, Obv: one composite symbol of a cross
depicting pachisi, an ancient board game, Rev: uniface, 2.6g, 13.52mm, (T. Hardekar, 2019 # AG 17), AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-80,000
Note: Coins from the Matsya Janapada were properly studied only after 2004, following discoveries in the Agra and Upper Ganga regions. This
rare specimen likely depicts the symbol of the ancient Indian board game Pachisi (also known as Chaupar), first mentioned in the Mahabharata. The
Matsya Mahajanapada, one of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India, flourished during the Vedic era. Its capital was Viratnagar (modern-day
Bairat in Rajasthan), with Kuru and Surasena as its neighboring states.

16 17

16. Kosala Janapada (500-400 BC), Silver Karshapana, Archaic period, ABCD and Ankush type, Obv: four composite geometrical symbols,
including a six-armed symbol, a fish with taurine symbol, a comb and a trishkele symbol, Rev: banker’s marks including the geometric symbols, a
circle surrounded by dots and Ankush in a bold punch, 2.6g, 22.33mm, (T. Hardekar. 2019 # KO 140), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

17. Kosala Janapada (500-400 BC), Silver Karshapana, Archaic period, ABCC and Swastika type, Obv: four composite geometrical symbols,
including a six-armed symbol twice, a fish with taurine symbol and a geometric symbol, Rev: banker’s marks including the sun, taurines and a
Swastika symbol, 2.7g, 21.60mm, (Rajgor Series 64 # 1009), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

18 19 20
18. Kuru Janapada (400-350 BC), Haryana Region, Sugh/Babyal Hoard type, Silver ½ Karshapana, Archaic period, Obv: an ancient design
Triskelion or triskeles consisting of a three-spiral design with rotational symmetry, comprised of dots, Rev: uniface, 1.5g, 11.48mm, (Rajgor Series
21/Hardekar 2019 # SG 1), AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

19. Kuru Janapada (400-350 BC), Haryana Region, Sugh/Babyal Hoard type, Silver ½ Karshapana, Archaic period, Obv: an ancient design
Triskelion or triskeles consisting of a three-spiral design with rotational symmetry, comprised of dots and crescents, Rev: three-armed symbol with
taurine in each arm, 1.6g, 14.96mm, (Rajgor Series 21 #428/Hardekar 2019 # SG 4), AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

20. Magadha Janapada (600-350 BC), Silver Karshapana, Series III, Archaic period, Obv: five punch marks consisting of a six-armed symbol,
the sun (solar symbol), three fishes, a linear circle with central dot flanked by taurines, a peacock to right, and ancillary symbols, Rev: uniface,
3.2g, 23.20mm, (Rajgor Series 13 # 331), about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
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Coins of Ancient India > Mauryas, Post-Mauryas, Eran-Vidisha Region, City State of Kurapurika

21 22
21. Maurya Dynasty (322-185 BC), Silver Karshapana, Archaic period, extra metal flow showing partial die impression, Obv: five punches
consisting of the sun, six-armed symbol, a tree and a taurine in the box, Rev: two banker’s marks of trishkele and damru, 3.23g, 18.4x12.2mm,
(Variant of PAIC # 298), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000
Note: This punch-marked coin is struck with extra metal flow, likely caused by a die striking anomaly or over-punching. Such an occurrence
suggests the use of an improperly aligned or reused die. We have not handled or offered this rare variety in the past, making it an unusual specimen
for advanced collectors.

22. Post Mauryas, Middle Ganges Vallley Region (250-200 BC), Silver Karshapana, Obv: worn device punches consisting of the sun, a six-
armed symbol, three-arched hill with crescent, and a caduceus (Ashoka symbol), Rev: single punch of an Elephant to right, an Ujjaini symbol
above, taurines around, and a caduceus (Ashoka symbol) of worn device punch, 3.3g, 15.08x12.77mm, (PAIC # 300), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

24
23
23. Eran-Vidisha Region (300-200 BC), Bhagila City State Issue, Copper Square Unit, Punch Marked type, Obv: four punches consisting of a
bull on left and a railed tree on right, a river at the bottom, Brahmi legend “Bhagilaya” on the top followed by a lotus flower, Rev: uniface, 7.7g,
22.8x23.14mm, (PAIC # 860), central strike, nice quality, green patina, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

24. Eran-Vidisha Region (300-200 BC), Copper Square Unit, Punch Marked type, Obv: punches consisting of a horse at left, an Indradhvaja in
the damru at left, an Ujjaini symbol above and a river with fishes at the bottom, Rev: uniface, 7.1g, 19.15x19.7mm, (W. Pieper # 883), centrally
struck, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

25 26
25. Eran-Vidisha Region (300-200 BC), Revabhuti, Copper Square Unit, Punch Marked type, Obv: four punches consisting of a railed tree on right
and probably an elephant/Ujjaini symbol at left, a river below with fishes at bottom, Brahmi legend “(Rano Revabhutisa)?” at the top, Rev: a standing
human figure with an Indradhvaja at right and flower symbol at top, 4.2g, 21.02x17.2mm, (Unlisted type), about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000
Note: This square unit represents a newly discovered variant featuring Brahmi legends. Notably, Pieper does not list a type without the flower
symbol and with the elephant/Ujjaini motif combination. It is likely an unrecorded variety attributable to Bhumimitra, making it an important
addition to the series.

26. Eran-Vidisha Region, Siri Sata (50 BC), Copper Square Unit, Punch Marked type, Obv: four punches consisting of an Ujjaini symbol with
crescent attached in the center, a railed Indradhvaja on right, an elephant at left, inverted Brahmi legend “Rano Siri Satasa” at the top and a river
below, Rev: uniface, 5.8g, 21.77x20.05mm, (PAIC # 919), completely struck, about very fine, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

27 28

27. City State of Kurapurika (200 BC), Narmada Valley, Copper Square Unit, Obv: a railed tree, three-arched hills with crescent and a boat/
river with fishes below, Rev: uniface, 4.5g, 19.27x18.14mm, (PAIC # 830), centrally struck, nice patina, UNC, Very Rare in this condition.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

28. Eastern Malwa, City State of Kurupurika/Purisa (200-150 BC), Post Mauryan period, Copper Unit, Obv: an Ujjaini symbol with Brahmi
legend “ripurisha” above, Rev: uniface, 4.7g, 17.99mm, (Variant of PAIC # 824), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000
Note: The type and fabric of this coin closely resemble those of Tripuri, a prominent city-state in the upper Narmada Valley. It is therefore likely
that Purisha was situated in the same region. The name Purisha is linguistically related to Purusha, meaning the “Universal Male Principle”,
perhaps reflecting cultural significance.
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Coins of Ancient India > City-State of Mahismati, Pre-Satavahanas

An important and historically significant coin from ancient India.

Being offered for the first time in any auction.

29. Ancient Central Malwa, City-State of Mahismati (200 BC), Narmada Valley, Copper Alloy Unit, Counterstrucked by Madasmati, Obv:
a three-arched hill (chaitya) with crescent, hollow cross beside of it, traces of Brahmi legend “Mahismati” above, square countermark consisting
a female deity standing facing in the left field, three-arched hill with crescent, an Indradhvaja and a nandipada symbol above, traces of Brahmi
legend “Madasmati” below, Rev: uniface, 9.7g, 22.91mm, (PAIC # 811-813), lovely patina, choice quality, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.

Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000

Note: Mahismati is commonly identified with modern Maheshwar, located south of Indore on the northern bank of the Narmada River. These coins,
often found overstruck by issues of Madasmati, suggest that the differing legends are more than mere engraving errors, they likely reflect distinct
phases of local governance or political transition. In 2005, Kulkarni proposed identifying ancient Madasmati with Mandhata, approximately 50 km
from Mahismati, reinforcing the close geographical and cultural connection between these sites.

This particular coin type originates from the city-state of Mahismati and appears to have been overstruck by its own later issues, indicating
continued local minting activity. Unlisted in Pieper’s catalog, it combines punch marks similar to those numbered 811 and 813, representing a new
and significant variety that warrants further scholarly study.

This exceptionally rare coin has never been offered at any auction, making it a highly significant piece
in the study of ancient Indian and Indo-Greek coinage.

30. Ancient Malwa/Contemporary Greek, Ujjaini Region (200 BC), Contemporary of Vijayamitra, Copper Tetradrachma, Upper Chambal
Series, Broad flan, Obv: diademed Hellenistic portrait to right, a counter mark of an Ujjaini symbol on the face, Rev: a humped bull standing
facing left, Ujjaini symbols front and behind, undeciphered Brahmi legend above bull, 8.5g, 25.27mm, (Mitch. ATEC # 4625), about very fine,
Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000
Note: A highly important rarity from ancient Indian coinage, this coin is contemporary with Vijayamitra and is cited as originating from the
river Narmada. Several ancient coins of this type have been recovered from the mounds at Maheshwar, on the north bank of the Narmada. The
obverse design and fabric are Indo-Greek, while the reverse design is local, as noted in Michael Mitchiner’s catalog. The portrait shows clear
iconographic resemblance to Greek coins of the period, reflecting the influence of Alexander’s successors’ coinage.
Scholars have recorded only 8–10 specimens, mainly from Malwa, particularly Vidisha, where the Heliodorus Pillar indicates the rule of King
Bhagabhadra during Indo-Greek visits. The legend on this coin remains unread, possibly in Kharoshthi, and the Vidisha issue was likely
struck by a Satrap of the Indo-Greeks in the 1st–2nd BCE. Similar coins with Greek-style portraits are known but rare.
This coin also highlights Sunga control over the Upper Chambal region after the Greek withdrawal around 170–168 BC, encompassing Ujjain
and adjacent areas, the Sunga heartland. Numismatic evidence shows provincial organization under the Kumara of Ujjain, with coins bridging
Greek and Indian design traditions. They exist in two classes: larger specimens from the Upper Chambal and smaller issues possibly linked to
Patalene (Demetrias).

31. Vidarbha Region (200 BC), Narmada Valley, Copper Alloy Unit, Uninscribed, Obv: an elephant standing facing left, a arrow above on it and
swastika symbols at top, Rev: a river/snake in the center, a railed tree and swastika below, indradhvaja, fish and turtle at top, 4.1g, 16.5mm, (PAIC
# 864), centrally struck, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
Note: The arrow above the elephant points to Vidarbha, suggesting that this coin type most likely originated south of the Narmada River
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Coins of Ancient India > Pre-Satavahanas,

33
32

32. Pre Satavahanas, Vidarbha Region (200 BC), Copper Unit, Kukutakhada type, Obv: an Elephant standing facing right in the center with
upraised trunk, an Indradhvaja above on it, Brahmi legend “Ramno Kukutakha(dasa)” around, Rev: a Nandipada and circle in the center, a railed
tree at right field, an Indradhvaja at top, 4.5g, 19.93mm, (PAIC # 2493), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

33. Pre Satavahanas, Khandesh Region (200 BC), Square Copper Unit, Kutapada type, Obv: an Elephant standing facing right in the center with
upraised trunk, a railed tree in front, three-arched hill and a swastika above, a river with fishes at the bottom, Rev: a Nandipada and circle in the center,
Brahmi legend “Ramno Kutapa(dasa)” above and flanked by swastika, 2.5g, 14.89x12.70mm, (PAIC # 2485), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

34. Malayaman of Tirukovillur (1st Century CE), Copper Square Unit, Sangam Period, Obv: a horse standing facing to right with an ankush
in front, with dotted border around, Rev: a map showing a wide river with fishes flowing from three hills, a town symbol in bottom left, a fence at
the left field, 4.3g, 19.01x18.03mm, (Mitch. T&K # 206-207/The Coins of Tamilnadu, A Seetharaman # 12), choice quality, struck in high relief,
about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Offered for the first time in any auction, this coin stands as a major discovery for Kanva dynasty
and the study of India’s late pre-Satavahana coinage.

35. Central Malwa, Kanva Dynasty (72-28 BCE), Potin Unit, Obv: railing Indradhvaja with a taurine (Nandipada) symbols between the post,
Rev: uniface, 2.6g, 13.55mm, (Unlisted), about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-1,00,000

Note: The Kanva Dynasty (c. 75–30 BCE) succeeded the Shunga Dynasty and ruled parts of Magadha and Central India, including Vidisha.
The dynasty was founded by Vasudeva Kanva, a Brahmin minister who, as recorded in The Age of Imperial Unity (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan),
usurped the throne after having his royal master Devabhuti killed by a slave-girl. Vasudeva then established a new ruling line known as the
Kanva or Kanyayana dynasty, named after his gotra (family lineage).
The Kanva line consisted of four rulers: Vasudeva (9 years), Bhumimitra (14 years), Narayana (12 years), and Susharman (10 years) , who
ruled for about 45 years in total. Their reign extended from around 75 BCE to 30 BCE, according to the chronology presented in the Puranas and
interpreted by scholars such as H.C. Raychaudhuri, R.C. Majumdar, and Upinder Singh.
The Puranas mention that the Kanva kings “kept their neighboring rulers under subjection and ruled righteously,” though little concrete history
survives about their administration. Their rule was eventually brought to an end by the Andhrabhrityas (Satavahanas), who rose to power in the
Deccan and absorbed the remaining territories of the Kanvas and the declining Shungas.
Notably, the eminent historian Sir R.G. Bhandarkar proposed that the Kanvas initially acted as de facto rulers under the Shungas , much like the
Peshwas under the later Marathas , before finally overthrowing them. However, this theory has not gained full acceptance, as the Puranas clearly
state that the first Kanva king killed the last Shunga ruler, marking a definitive dynastic change.
Coins attributed to the Kanvas have been found in Vidisha, Kaushambi, and Central Malwa, supporting the belief that Vidisha served as their
capital or major minting center. These coins are typically in copper or potin, with symbols such as the Indradhvaja (railing standard),
Nandipada (taurine symbol), and Ujjain symbol, reflecting continuity from Shunga designs. The present potin unit, with its distinctive
Indradhvaja and Nandipada motif, perfectly aligns with the typology of authenticated Kanva issues. Although this specimen lacks an inscription, its
fabric, style, and iconography unmistakably place it within the Kanva series of Central Malwa.

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Coins of Ancient India > Panchalas

Coin Clump
An extraordinary and historically significant discovery, this is the first time an original coin clump of the
Panchala dynasty, is being offered in any auction.

36. Kings of Panchala (150 BCE–130 CE), Copper Coin Clump (Coin Hoard), This clump consists primarily of coins attributed to King
Agnimitra of the Panchala dynasty. Obv: three royal symbols of the Panchala dynasty and Brahmi legend “Agnimitasa”? below, Rev: king
standing on a sacred platform, with flames halo above, 1400g, (2.5-3g each), about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000
Note: This remarkable clump of Panchala dynasty copper coins, weighing approximately 1400 grams, represents an extraordinary numismatic
discovery from ancient northern Panchala, centered around Ahichchatra (modern-day Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh). Coin clumps like this are
of immense importance - they preserve coins in their original hoarded form, offering rare insight into ancient circulation and local trade practices.
Such clumps are seldom found intact, making this an exceptional and historically valuable specimen.
The Panchala Mahajanapada was one of the great ancient kingdoms of India, flourishing before the Magadhan and Mauryan empires. After the
Mauryan decline, Panchala regained its independence under local rulers, as attested by their abundant coinage. These coins are typically found in
northern Panchala, while southern Panchala had its capital at Kampilya (modern Farrukhabad). Nearly forty rulers are known from their coins,
belonging to different family branches such as -ghosha, -gupta, -mitra, -nandi, -pala, and -sena.
The Pabhosa inscription (1st century BCE) mentions Ashadhasena, grandfather of Vangapala, who overstruck the coins of Damagupta-showing
dynastic continuity and evolution of coinage. Under the Kushanas, Panchala briefly came under imperial control before later rulers such as
Shivanandashri and Sri Nandi reasserted autonomy.
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Coins of Ancient India > Satavahana Dynasty, Kushan Dynasty

Satavahana Dynasty

37 38

37. King Samigopa, Kotalingala (Andhra) Region (150-50 BC), Square Copper Unit, Obv: a six-armed symbol, an Indradhvaja, bow and
arrow at top, Brahmi legend “Rajno Sami(gopasa) below”, Rev: nandyawarta symbol, 1.9g, 14.4x14.0mm, (PAIC # 2556-57), about extremely
fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

38. Sri Satakarni (100-50 BC), Nasik Region, Copper Alloyed Square Unit, Elephant type, Overstruck type, Obv: an elephant walking to right
with an upraised trunk, a Swastika symbol over its back, with the Brahmi legend “Rajno Sirisata(kanisa)” around, Rev: railed tree with broad
leaves and an Ujjaini symbol, all within dotted square border, 9.7g, 25.04x24.67mm, (Variant of PAIC # 2593), multiple struck on the obverse,
choice quality, superb strike, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

39 40 41

39. Sri Satakarni (100-50 BC), Paithan Region, Lead Unit, Gajalakshmi type, Obv: goddess Lakshmi (the goddess of wealth and money), is
standing on a lotus in the center, facing forward, flanked by two elephants standing on lotuses and bathing her with water from their trunk, Brahmi
legend “Rano Siri Satakanisa” at top, Rev: tree-in-railing, taurines above, 20.8g, 24.53mm, (Mitch. K&A # 139/PAIC # 2611), about extremely
fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-35,000

40. Sri Satakarni (100-50 BC), Nevasa-Paithan Region, Lead Unit, Bull type, Obv: a bull charging to right with its tail curled above its hump,
a small circular symbol below, Brahmi legend “Siri Satakanisa” above, Rev: a composite symbol consisting of taurines inside a rectangle with
arrows around in the four cardinal points, with Nandipadas in quadrants, 21.2g, 25.19mm, (PAIC # 2612), about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

41. Sri Satavahana, Lead Unit, Bull type, Obv: a bull standing facing to right, three-arched hill above, Brahmi legend “Rano Sirisatavaha(nasa)”
around, Rev: a railed tree in the center, an Indradhvaja and a Nandipada in the right field, a Swastika and Srivatsa symbol in the left field, a river
below, 15.4g, 23.44mm, (PAIC # 2625), choice quality, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

42. Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni (200 CE), Silver Dramma, Portrait type, Obv: bust of the king to right wearing large earrings, Brahmi
legend “Rano Gotamiputasa (Siri Yana) Satakanisa” around the field, Rev: a six-arched hill with a crescent in the center, an Ujjaini symbol above
and a wavy rive line below, Tamil legend in Brahmi script “Arasanaku Gotamiputa ku siri yana Satakaniku”, 1.9g, 15.24mm, (PAIC # 2758),
with two contemporary holes to wear as a pendant, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Kushan Dynasty

43. Vima Kadphises (95-127 CE), Copper Tetradrachma, Obv: king standing facing left, sacrificing at altar at left, club, tamgha and axe head-
shafted trident in fields, Greek legend “BACIΛEYC BACIΛEWN CWTHP MEΓAC OOHMO KAΔΦICHC/” around the field, Rev: the lord Shiva
standing facing, holding trident and deerskin and Bull (Nandi) right behind, Kharoshthi legend “Maharajasa rajadirajasa sarvaloga isvarasa
mahisvarasa Vima Kathphishasa tratara” around the field, 15.5g, 28.91mm, (Gobl # 762/PAIC # 1744), complete struck, choice quality, patina,
about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

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Coins of Ancient India > Kushan Dynasty, Pallavas of Kanchi

Kushan Dynasty continued...

A truly significant addition for any collection devoted to Buddhist art, philosophy, or history.

Shakyamuni Buddha type

44. Kanishka I (127-140 CE), Copper Tetradrachma, “Buddha (Shakyamuni Buddha) type”, Obv: the diademed king, crowned, standing
facing the left, sacrificing over an altar, holding a standard in his left hand, flames at right shoulder, Bactrian legend “þAONANOþABA-ZOΔηO
KOþANO” (King of Kings Vasudeva the Kushan) around the field, Rev: Buddha standing, nimbate, facing forward, hair in a top-knot, wearing
trousers and boots, hand raised in gesture of abhayamudra, a tamgha to inner left, legend “CAKAMABOYAAO” (Shakyamuni Buddha) around
the field within linear border, 16.07g, 25.72mm, (Gobl # 786/Jongward & Cribb # 616)), almost fully struck on both the sides, bold strike, about
extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-3,00,000

Note: The title Shakyamuni translates to “Sage of the Shakyas,” referring to Siddhartha Gautama’s noble birth in the Shakya clan of ancient
India. Born in Lumbini as a prince and heir to the Shakya throne, he renounced his royal privileges in pursuit of spiritual awakening - a journey
that led to his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya and the founding of Buddhism, one of the world’s great philosophical and spiritual
traditions. The image of Shakyamuni Buddha represents not only peace and compassion but also humanity’s eternal quest for wisdom and
liberation from suffering. His teachings became the foundation for centuries of art, philosophy, and moral thought across Asia.
This particular specimen - depicting the Shakyamuni Buddha in exceptional preservation and beauty offers to collectors a rare opportunity to
acquire a numismatic or artistic representation of one of the most revered figures in world’s numismatic history. An outstanding quality specimen.

Maitreya Buddha type

45. Kanishka I (127-140 CE), Copper Tetradrachma, “Buddha (Maitreya Buddha) type”, Obv: the diademed king, crowned, standing
facing the left, sacrificing over an altar, holding a standard in his left hand, flames at right shoulder, Bactrian legend “þAONANOþABA-ZOΔηO
KOþANO” (King of Kings Vasudeva the Kushan) around the field, Rev: Maitreya Buddha seated facing cross-legged on low throne, nimbate, hair
in a top-knot, wearing armlets and bracelets, right hand raised in gesture of abhayamudra, holding water pot in the left hand resting on thigh, a
tamgha to inner left, Bactrian legend “[MATPAΓ]O BOΥΔO” (Maitreya Buddha) around the field within linear border, 15.81g, 26.9mm, (Gobl #
792/Jongward & Cribb # 617)), about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-80,000

Note: The title Maitreya Buddha refers to the future Buddha (the Buddha of the Future and Eternal Compassion), the bodhisattva destined to
descend to Earth, attain enlightenment, and once again teach the pure Dharma, ushering in a new age of peace, joy, and liberation from suffering.
His name, derived from the Sanskrit Maitrī - meaning loving-kindness or universal friendship -beautifully captures his essence as a symbol
of hope and compassion for all beings. According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya will succeed Shakyamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha,
becoming the next enlightened teacher when the world has forgotten the true path.

Pallavas of Kanchi (2nd-7th Century CE)

46 47

46. Karur Region, Lead Unit, Obv: an upright bull facing right, in front of a motif resembling a flag mast, a dotted border around, Rev: a vessel
and sprout/sacred tree, 4.1g, 16.24mm, (The Pallava Coins, R. Krishnamurthy # 09), choice quality, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

47. Karur Region, Bronze Unit, Broad flan, Obv: an upright bull facing right, srivatsa, snake, crescent symbols above, encircled by a dotted border,
Rev: uniface, 2.3g, 21.52mm, (The Pallava Coins, R. Krishnamurthy # 50), original patina, centrally struck. about extremely fine, Very Rare in
this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
17
Coins of Ancient India > Pallavas of Kanchi, Gupta Period, Gupta Dynasty

Pallavas of Kanchi (300-500 CE) continued...

48. Bronze Unit, Very Broad flan, Conch-shell (Shankha) type, Obv: a roaring Lion, upright and facing right with tail curled towards its back,
a crescent symbol above, a Srivatsa symbol in front, a linear border encircled by a dotted border, Rev: a conch-shell (Shankha) in the center,
encircled by a circular rayed border, 5.3g, 24.24mm, (Unlisted type), original patina, complete details visible on both the sides, about extremely
fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-90,000
Note: This coin, struck on a broad flan with a lion on the obverse and a shankha (conch-shell) on the reverse is in its exceptional preservation, with
all design and motif details clearly visible on both sides, an outstanding specimen!

49. Bronze Unit, Broad flan, Chakra type, Obv: a roaring Lion, upright and facing right with tail curled towards its back, a crescent symbol above,
a linear border encircled by a dotted border, Rev: a wheel (chakra) with two concentric circles, 4.1g, 19.4mm, (Unpublished & Unlisted type),
original patina, almost complete dotted border visible on obverse, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Note: This newly discovered coin type features a roaring lion facing upward on the obverse and a unique variant of the chakra on the reverse.
Unpublished in all major numismatic catalogs, this previously unknown variety marks an important addition to Pallava coinage and represents a
significant discovery for collectors and scholars of South Indian numismatics.

50. Sealing, Gupta period (4-5 Century CE), Brahmi legend “Pyaththana…?” inscribed within rectangular box, 2.8g, 26.92x17.78mm, about
extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

51. Gupta period (4-5 Century CE), Gold Signet Ring, Brahmi legend “Prakudeba” inscribed on a diamond shaped tablet in the central field,
with ornate design, 7.5g, 22.02x23.18mm, 16.6mm inner diameter, in excellent condition, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,75,000

Gupta Dynasty

52. Samudragupta (335-370 CE), Gold Dinar, “Scepter/Standard” type, Obv: the king standing facing left, nimbate, holding the royal scepter
(Rajadhanda) in his left hand and sacrificing over an altar, wearing a tight fitted cap, a Garuda standard in the left field, the Brahmi legend
“Samudra” below the king’s arm, a circular Brahmi legend “Samarasativi(tatavi)jayojitari….”around the field, Rev: the goddess Lakshmi,
nimbate, seated on a high backed throne, whose four legs are clearly visible, with her feet resting on a circular mat below, a diadem and a
cornucopia in her hands, a tamgha on the top-left field, the Brahmi legend “Prakramah” on the right field, a dotted border around the field, 7.5g,
21.94mm, (Variant of Altekar, Bayana Hoard # Pl. III-11/TGE, S. Kumar # Class II -Var. A), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,00,000-1,25,000

53. Chandragupta II alias Vikramaditya (375-415 CE), Copper Fraction (¼ Unit?), Kalasa (Pot) type, Obv: a Purna-kumbha (auspicious
Hindu Pot), Rev: the Brahmi legend “Chandra”, 0.9g, 11.01mm, (TGE, S. Kumar # Var. A, Pg. No. 283), nice strike, choice quality, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

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A Masterpiece of Gupta Artistry

The Finest Known Gold Dinar of the Gupta Dynasty, Kumaragupta I
Horseman Type Depicting the Goddess Holding a Lotus – Plate Specimen

54. Kumaragupta I alias Mahendraditya (415-455 CE), Gold Dinar, “Horseman – Right” type, Plate Coin, Obv: the king riding a ceremonially
adorned horse to the right, wearing a necklace and armlets and his sash flowing out from behind, holding a sword in his right hand, the Brahmi
legend “Prith(vitalambarasasi Kumaragupto) jayatyajitah” around the field, with the letter ‘Prith’ placed between the head of the king and the
head of the horse, Rev: the goddess Lakshmi, nimbate, her ears, neck, arms, wrists, waist and ankles are bejeweled, nimbate, seated facing left on a
wicker stool, holding a big flower or a lotus with a long stalk with leaves and buds in the right hand, the left hand of the goddess rests on her waist,
the Brahmi legend “Ajitamahendrah” in the right field, a dotted border around the field, 8.2g, 19.39mm, (Altekar. Bayana Hoard # Pl. XXII-6/
TGE, S. Kumar # Page No. 372, Coin No. 0261, Plate Coin), sharp & bold strike, completely struck in high relief, nice luster, superb quality, AU-
UNC, Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,00,000-15,00,000

The obverse legend reads “Prithivitalambarasasi Kumaragupto Jayatyajitah” (पृृथ्वीीताालंंबरससि� कुुमाारगुुप्तोो जयाात्यजि�तःः ),
which translates to “Invincible Kumaragupta, a veritable Indra upon the surface of the earth, conquers.” This eloquent Sanskrit phrase exalts the
emperor’s divine authority and unassailable power, equating him with Indra, the celestial king of gods.

The reverse bears the succinct yet powerful title “Ajitamahendrah” (अजि�तमहेे न्द्र), meaning “The Unconquered Great Lord.” This
inscription further reinforces Kumaragupta’s image as the invincible sovereign, celebrated not only for his military prowess but also for his divine
mandate to rule. Together, these legends encapsulate the Gupta ideal of Chakravartin, the universal ruler.
Auctioneer’s Note on the Quality of this Coin:
This exceptional gold dinar represents one of the most artistically accomplished and visually striking creations of the Gupta era - the celebrated
Horseman type featuring the Goddess holding a lotus. The coin stands out for its meticulous execution, balance of form, and extraordinary
preservation, embodying the pinnacle of Gupta craftsmanship.

On the reverse, the Goddess appears in her most majestic form, gracefully holding a long-stemmed lotus. Every detail - from the maang-tika–style
crown, necklace, armlets, waist belt, bangles, and anklets - is rendered with exquisite clarity, revealing the engraver’s mastery of both artistic and
devotional symbolism.

The obverse portrays the King mounted on a richly adorned royal horse, symbolizing imperial strength and divine sanction. The King’s jewelry
and the horse’s trappings - including reins, saddle, cloth, and intricately plaited mane - are engraved with lifelike precision, making this one of the
most aesthetically refined examples known.

As recorded by S. Kumar in The Gupta Empire, this specimen is a Plate Coin, illustrated on page 312, Class II-2. Among the 697 Horseman-
type coins documented, only four of this Class II type are known: one in the British Museum, one in the National Museum, and two in private
collections, including this very coin.

The coin’s razor-sharp strike, deep golden hue, and perfectly centered impression elevate it to the highest tier of Gupta numismatic artistry. Missing
from even the most advanced Gupta collections, this specimen is not only a numismatic rarity but also a visual testament to the imperial grandeur
and divine ideology of the Golden Age of India.
19
Coins of Ancient India > Sarabhapurias, Post-Guptas, Vishnukundin Dynasty

55. Sarabhapurias of Chattisgarh, Sri Prasannamatra (525-550 CE), Gold Repousse Unit (Prasannamatra), Garuda type, Obv: a figure of
Garuda seated on a branch with his wings spread and a conch-shell (Shankha) and chakra on either side, sun and a crescent moon on top, Brahmi
legend “Sri Prasannamatra” below the branch, a kalash at the bottom, a beaded border around the field, Rev: blank, 1.3g, 16.69mm, (W. Pieper
# 904/Mitch. ATEC # 5207), AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

56. Post-Guptas, Kidara of Kashmir, Sri Tunjina I (7th Century CE), Debase Gold Dinar, Obv: the king standing facing left, nimbate, wearing
Kushan style clothing, sacrificing over an altar at left and holding a trident in his left hand, Brahmi legend “Sri Tuysina” (Sri Tunjina) in the
upper left field, Rev: the goddess enthroned facing in Vamardhaparyanka pose, nimbate, holding a long-stemmed lotus in her left hand and holding
another lotus in her right, Brahmi legend (“Kidara”) in the left field and “Jayati” in right the field, 7.21g, 22.39mm, (TGE. S. Kumar # Pg. 404),
about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-3,00,000

Note: This coin, by its metal composition, close resemblance to the issues of Toramana, and the legend “Sri Tunjina,” can be securely associated
with the kings of Kashmir mentioned in the later sections of Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, the celebrated Chronicle of Kashmir. The most plausible
attribution is to the first King Tunjina (Rajatarangini II.11–56), who, according to the text, ruled Kashmir for thirty-six years.
The Rajatarangini also records a second Tunjina, identified as Pravarasena (III.97–101). Since coins explicitly bearing the name Pravarasena are
already known, it is improbable that the same ruler would have issued coins under two distinct names. Therefore, this piece most likely belongs to
the earlier Tunjina.
The chronology of Rajatarangini for this era remains uncertain, some traditions place these rulers in the 1st century CE, while others favor the 4th
century CE. However, a 7th-century dating is more consistent, as the chronicle mentions a King Pratapasila (III.330), contemporary to the great
northern ruler Harshavardhana, with whom Tunjina’s successors were allied.
On iconographic grounds, the obverse figure may represent the king himself, modeled after the Kushan prototypes, or more likely Lord Shiva,
indicated by the trident (trishul) in his left hand. The reverse figure, seated on a lotus, may be identified as Sri Lakshmi, though within the Shaivite
context of this coinage, it could equally symbolize Uma or Parvati, Shiva’s consort. The overall design draws inspiration from both Kushan and
Gupta art styles, combining royal and divine motifs in a refined aesthetic.
This is the first known specimen of its type, of great rarity and historical significance, important not only for its association with early Hindu
dynasties of Kashmir, but also for being one of the earliest depictions of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati on Indian coinage. A similar specimen was
sold in 2013 for ₹5,50,000, highlighting the exceptional rarity and importance of this remarkable piece.

57. Copper Alloy Unit, Bull/Swastika type, Obv: an upright bull facing right, Brahmi legend “Shri Ram?” above, all within circular border
surrounded by dots, Rev: a Swastika in the center, encircled by a circular border with serrations around, 3.7g, 15.96mm, (PAIC # 3053), choice
quality, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

58. Copper Base Alloy Unit, Srivatsa type, Obv: a roaring lion standing facing the right with one foreleg raised, its tail curled towards its
back,a linear border encircled by dots, Rev: an ornate Srivatsa between two tridents/lamps, a linear border with serrations around the field, 2.3g,
13.45mm, (Unlisted type), sharp strike, almost complete details on both the sides, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
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Coins of Ancient India > Indo-Greeks • Coins of Medieval India > Chauhans of Ajmer, Gahadavalas of Kanuaj

Indo Greeks

59. Diodotus I (255-235 BC), Gold Stater, Obv: a diademed bust of the king, facing right, Rev: Zeus standing left, seen from behind, his extended
left arm draped with an aegis and preparing to hurl a thunderbolt with his right hand, eagle seated near the left feet, wreath in inner left field,
Greek legend “ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ - ANTIOXOY” besides, 8.3g, 18.9mm, (Mitch. Vol. I, type 70), complete details on both the sides, superb strike, luster,
almost uncirculated, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 3,50,000-4,00,000

Coins of Medieval India

60 61
60. Chauhans of Ajmer and their Delhi Governors, Kirtti Pala (1169 CE), Billon Jital, Obv: recumbent bull facing left, tined trisula on bull’s
rump, numeral 1 on the bull’s jhula, the Devanagari legend “Carapala/sri samanta deva” around, Rev: rider bearing lance on a caparisoned horse
facing right, with three dots of harness on horse’s rump, the Devanagari legend “Sri Ki/rtthi pala deva”, 3.3g, 15.08mm, (Deyell # 216), about
extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

61. Malwa Gadhiaya- Derivative Coinage (1200-1302 CE), Lead Double Unit, Obv: stylized head facing right, Rev: fire altar, 9.7g, 18.76mm,
(Unlisted), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
Note: This double-unit Gadhaiya coin is unpublished in both its metal composition and weight standard. An exceptional and previously unknown
variety, it is being offered for the first time in any auction.

62. Gahadavalas of Kanauj and Kasi (Varanasi), Govina Chandra (11 Century CE), Base Gold 4-½ Masha, Obv: goddess Lakshmi seated
facing, Rev: Devanagari legend “Srimat go/vinda candra/deva” in three lines, lotus below, (Deyell # 145), graded & slabbed by ICG as VF 25.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

63. Gahadavalas of Kanauj and Kasi (Varanasi), Govinda Chandra (11 Century CE), Base Gold 4½ Masha, Obv: the goddess Lakshmi ornate,
seated facing forward, Rev: the Devanagari legend “Srimat Go/vinda Candra/(deva)” in three lines, a lotus below, 3.9g, 23.67mm, (Deyell #
145), choice very fine, Scarce.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000
21
Coins of Medieval India > Yadavas of Tribhuvanagiri, Ceylon, Chola Dynasty, Chalukyas of Badami

64. Yadavas of Tribhuvanagiri, Mahipala (11 Century CE), Gold 4⁄ Masha, Obv: Obv: the goddess Lakshmi seated facing forward, Rev:
Nagari legend “Shriman Ma/hi pala/deva” in three lines, 4.0g, 19.08mm, (Deyell # 151), choice very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 45,000-50,000

65 66

65. Ceylon, Srilankan Kings, Chola Dynasty, Raja Raja I (9-10 Century CE), Gold Aka, Obv: the king standing facing right, holding aloft a
globule in his left hand which is above an altar, Rev: Nagari legend “Daraka” with a conch-shell (Shankha) above, dotted border on both the sides,
0.5g, 9.91mm, (Mitch. T&K # 315-17), choice very fine, Scarce.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

66. Chola Dynasty, Gold Pendent/Bead (Circa 10th–12th Century CE), An exquisite and rare gold pendent, this piece features a circular disc in the
form of a Tortoise with hole, either used as pendent or bead, the refined craftsmanship reflects the high level of metallurgical and artistic excellence
achieved during the Chola period, 0.8g, 8.96mm, in excellent condition, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

Finest Known Gold Varaha of the Chalukyas of Badami – Featuring the iconic Boar (Varaha) insignia.
A remarkable rarity symbolizing the power and divine heritage of the dynasty.

67. Chalukyas of Badami (6-8 Century CE), Anonymous Issue, Gold Varaha (Gadyana), Obv: the Chalukya royal insignia, i.e. a caparisoned
boar (Varaha), facing right, with the sun and crescent symbols above, Rev: blurred Kannada legend “Shri Sanala Bhoo(pa)” in one horizontal
line across the center between two beaded lines, artistically set within the feathers of the bird (presumably those of a peacock as seen on the walls and
pillars of ancient Jain temples) surrounded on either side, 3.7g, 13.81mm, choice quality, superb strike, about extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.

Estimated Price: 4,50,000-6,00,000

Note: Pulakeshi I Chalukya, originally a governor of Badami under the Banavasi Kadamba King Harivarman (5th century AD), later established
his independence and founded the Badami Chalukya dynasty around 540 AD. Assuming the royal title Maharaja, he performed the Ashvamedha
sacrifice to affirm his sovereign authority. The Badami Chalukyas, often referred to as the Western Chalukyas to distinguish them from their Eastern
counterparts at Vengi, ruled for nearly two centuries until 757 AD.

During their reign, the Chalukya kingdom expanded its influence beyond the Narmada River into Malwa-Gujarat in the north, Kalinga and South
Kosala in the east, and the Kadamba territories in the upper Tungabhadra basin to the south. Badami served as their imperial capital and a center of
art, architecture, and statecraft.

The Chalukyas adopted the boar (Varaha), an avatar of Lord Vishnu, as their royal emblem, prominently featured on their coinage and seals. Their
coins, typically die-struck, depict symbolic combinations such as boar/temple, temple/scepter, lamps/temple, and boar/lamps. The temple motifs
appear to draw inspiration from the architectural style of Aihole, the Chalukyas’ earlier capital and a cradle of early temple art.

The title “Sana la Bhoopa”, meaning “Lord of Sanala,” appears uniquely on coins and is absent in known inscriptions from the period. The Kannada
script seen on these coins represents an early form dated to around the 8th century AD, aligning with the reigns of Vikramaditya II (733–746 AD)
and Kirtivarman II (746–753 AD). The place Sanala is identified with a modern village in the Jamkhandi taluk of Bagalkot district, approximately
60 kilometers northwest of Badami, suggesting local minting and regional circulation within the Chalukyan heartland.
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Coins of Medieval India > Chalukyas of Kalyana,

68 69 70

68. Gold Fanam, Obv: a lion standing facing right with forepaw raised and with its tail curled against its back, Rev: the Paadam, 0.4g, 7.32mm,
(Unlisted type), about uncirculated, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

69. Jayasimha II “Jagadekamalla”, Punch Marked Gold Pagoda, Obv: nine punch marks consisting of five lions, two punches of “Shri” in
Kannada on the sides and possibly the Kannada legends “Jaya” and “Simgha” in two incuses, Rev: uniface, 3.5g, 18.21mm, (K. Ganesh # 5.13
type), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 45,000-50,000

70. Jayasimha II “Jagadekamalla”, Punch Marked Gold Pagoda, Obv: four punch marks consisting of two punches of lions, a temple, and a
Shankha and chakra, Rev: uniface, 3.6g, 17.6mm, (K. Ganesh # 5.13 type), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-35,000

71. Jayasimha II “Jagadekamalla”, Punch Marked Gold Gadyana, Obv: punch marks including a stylized representation of a temple with
a cluster of dots and trident, pallets, sun, and crescent besides, the Kannada legend “ Jagade(ka)” at top, a lion in the center and two punches
of “Shri” on the sides, Rev: a single banker’s mark of a lion standing facing, 3.4g, 18.63mm, (Unlisted), choice superb quality, Gem UNC,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000
Note: The gold coins attributed to this ruler typically feature five lions; however, this remarkable variety bears the Kannada legend “Ja ga de”. It is
attributed to Jagadekamalla based on similar symbols and legends observed on coins documented by H. Krishna Sastri, who identified variations
reading “Jaga,” “Jagade,” and “Jagadeka.”
Of particular importance is the presence of a trident punch symbol, previously unpublished and recorded here for the first time. Additionally, the
lion punch symbol on the reverse is also noted on a coin for the first time, making this an exceptionally rare.

72. Paramaras of Vidarbha, Jagadeva (12 Century CE), Punch Marked Gold Pagoda, Obv: four blank punches for symbol striking, Rev:
uniface, 3.7g, 18.25mm, about uncirculated.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

73. Nolambas of Central Karnataka (10-11 Century CE), Punch Marked Gold Nandi Gadyana, Obv: Nine punch marks consisting of five
stylized seated Nandi facing left with sun and moon above, two punches of “Shri” in Kannada on the sides and two punches of Kannada legend
“Nanni” & “Nolamba”, Rev: uniface, 3.76g, (Variant of G. Prabhu # 12), superb quality with luster, graded & slabbed by NGS as MS 63,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-80,000

74. Western Ganga Dynasty (10-11 Century CE), Gold Gadyana (Gaja Hana), Obv: a caparisoned elephant standing to the right, chewing
sugarcane and with a branch under its belly and an ankush or a flower like object on its back, Rev: an ornamental floral scroll, 3.7g, 13.73mm,
(Variant of K. Ganesh # 3.11), AU, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000
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Coins of Medieval India > Telugu Chodas, Yadavas, Vijayanagara Empire

75. Telugu Chodas of Nellore, Bhujabala (13 Century CE), Punch Marked Gold Pagoda, Obv: four punches consisting of Nagari legend on
top, two punches of “Shri” in Kannada on the sides and a trident below, Rev: uniface, 3.5g, 11.90mm, (Mitch. K&A # 286), about extremely fine,
Rare in this condition.
Estimated Price: 42,000-50,000

76 77
76. Yadavas of Devagiri, Ramachandra (12-13 Century CE), Punch Marked Gold Padmatanka, Scyphate, Obv: five punch marks consisting of
an eight-petaled lotus in the center, Nagari legend “Shri Rama” with a sword on top, two punches of “Shri” in Kannada on the sides, a conch-shell
(Shankha) below, Rev: uniface, 3.7g, 15.22mm, (Mitch. K&A # 289), choice quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 42,000-50,000

77. Yadavas of Devagiri, Ramachandra (12-13 Century CE), Punch Marked Gold Padmatanka, Scyphate, Obv: five punch marks consisting
of an eight-petaled lotus in the center, Nagari legend “Shri Rama” with bow below, two punches of “Shri” in Kannada on the sides, a conch-shell
(Shankha) below, Rev: uniface, 3.7g, 15.95mm, (Variant of Mitch. K&A # 289), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000

78. Vijayanagara Empire, Sangama Dynasty, Hari Hara I (1336-1354 CE), Gold Varaha, Obv: a warrior walking to the right, knees slightly
bent, left hand resting on left knee and right hand raised up as in the act of striking, dagger in the rear, a characteristic feature is a fold of clothing
that hangs down in a ‘V’ shape between the legs, Rev: Kannada legend “Shri Vi/ra ha ri/(ha ra)” in three lines with interlinear rules, 3.3g,
11.52mm, (Mitch. K&A # 378/Dr. M. Girijapathi # 004), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 60,000-70,000

79. Vijayanagara Empire, Sangama Dynasty, Harihara II (1377-1404 CE), Gold ½ Varaha, Obv: the god Shiva seated in the padmasana
posture with his consort Parvati resting on his left thigh, one of his left hands holds a trident and the other is around his consort’s waist, one right-
hand holds a battle axe while the other is in the abhayamudra gesture, the goddess has joined her hands in the anjalimudra gesture, the sun and
moon near Shiva’s head, Rev: the Nagari legend “Sri Pra/tha pa Hari/Hara” in three lines with two interlinear rules, 1.72g, (Mitch. K&A # 412/
Dr. M. Girijapathi # 54), superb luster with toning, graded & slabbed by NGS as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

80. Vijayanagar Empire, Sangama Dynasty, Devaraya I (1406-1422 CE), Silver Unit, Obv: Nagari legend “Sri Pra/ta(pa)” in two lines with
interlinear rules, Rev: Nagari legend “Deva/raya” in two lines with interlinear rules, 1.13g, 9.33mm, (Unlisted), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-1,00,000
Note: This newly discovered silver coin of Devaraya I is a new discovery. Previously, coins of this type were known only in copper. The fabric,
typology, and legends closely match those of the copper issues, suggesting a coordinated multi-metallic coinage system under Devaraya I. An
important and rare find, offered for the first time.

81. Vijayanagar Empire, Sangama Dynasty, Devaraya I (1406-1422 CE), Gold Varaha, Obv: the god Shiva seated in the padmasana posture
with his consort Parvati resting on his left thigh, one of his left hands holds a battle axe and the other is around his consort’s waist, one right-hand
holds an antelope, while the other is in the abhayamudra gesture, the sun and moon near Shiva’s head, the goddess has joined her hands in the
anjalimudra gesture, Rev: Nagari legend “Sri Pra/tapa deva/raya” in three lines with interlinear rules, 3.3g, 11.78mm, (Mitch. K&A # 450/Dr.
M. Girijapathi # 69), superb strike and centrally struck, AU-UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000
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Coins of Medieval India > Ranas of Mewar

82. Ranas of Mewar, Sisodiya Dynasty, Maharana Kumbhakarna (Rana Kumbha) (AD 1433–1468 / VS 1489–1525), Kumbhalgarh Mint,
Set of Three Copper Coins: ¼ Paisa, ½ Paisa, and 1 Paisa, about very fine to extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.

1- ¼ Paisa, Obv: “श्रीी कुु म्भल / मेेरु” (Shri Kumbhala / Meru) with a sword motif below, Rev: “रााणाा कुु म्भकर्णण” (Rana Kumbhakarna) divided by a line,
3.03g, 12.9mm.

2- ½ Paisa, Obv: Central श्रीी (Shri) within a square; surrounding legend “श्रीी एकलिं�गं स्य प्रसाादतःः” (By the blessings of Lord Eklingji), Rev: “श्रीी कुु म्भल / मेेरु
/ महाारााणाा श्रीी कुु म्भकर्णणस्य” (Of Maharana Shri Kumbhakarna of Kumbhalmer) with sword motif below, 6.41g, 16.9mm.

3- 1 Paisa, Obv: Double square enclosing श्रीी (Shri) with the legend “श्रीी एकलि�ङ्ग / महाा प्रसाादाात्् सम 1913” (By the great grace of Lord Eklingji, Samvat
1913), Rev: “श्रीी कुु म्भल / मेेरु / महाारााणाा श्रीी कुु म्भकर्णणस्य” with sword motif below, 13.59g, 22.6mm.

Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000

Note: These three copper denominations - ¼ Paisa, ½ Paisa, and 1 Paisa - represent the remarkable coinage of Maharana Kumbhakarna (Rana
Kumbha) of Mewar, one of the most powerful Sisodia rulers of the 15th century. Struck at Kumbhalmer (modern Kumbhalgarh), these coins
beautifully combine royal and religious symbolism, reflecting Rana Kumbha’s deep devotion to Lord Eklingji, the tutelary deity of the Mewar
dynasty.

These types are unlisted in major numismatic publications, making them an important discovery in the coinage of Mewar. They stand as
significant evidence of early copper monetary systems under Rana Kumbha, uniting royal authority, religious devotion, and regional identity.
An exceptional offering for serious collectors and scholars of medieval Rajputana coinage.

83. Ranas of Mewar, Sisodiya Dynasty, Maharana Sangram Simha (Rana Sanga), (1509–1527 CE), Set of 2 Coins, Copper Square Rana
Sanga ½ Falus & Falus, Obv: Devanagari legend “Sri Rana Sangram Simha”, in three lines, Rev: Garbled Arabic legend (pseudo-inscription),
likely imitating Islamic-style design, 3.72g, 7.95g, 12.27x12.35mm, 16.95x14.55mm, (G&G # M268 & 269), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: These coins usually bear the heart-shaped mint-mark associated with Chanderi, but may have been struck elsewhere.

84. Ranas of Mewar, Sisodiya Dynasty, Rana Vikramaditya (1531-1536 CE), Copper ¼ Falus, Obv: Nagari legend “Rana Sri Vikramadi”,
Rev: Arabic legend “al-sultan bin al-sultan”, 1.80g, 8.67x10.64mm, (Unlisted in G&G), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
25
Coins of Sultanates of India > Bengal

Coins of Sultanates of India

Bengal Sultanate

85. Ghiyth ud-din A’zam Shah (AH 792-813/1389-1410 AD), Hadrat Firuzabad Mint (Style), Silver Tanka, Obv: Arabic legend “Ghiyath ud
dunya wa’l din abu’l muzaffar A’zamshah ibn Sikandar Shah ibn Ilyas Shah al-sultan” in quarterfoil, ruler’s tile in margin, Rev: Arabic legend
“Nasir amir al-mu’minin ghawth al-islam wa’l muslimin khallada mulkahu” within a circle, mint & hijri year off flan in the margin, 10.7g,
30.00mm, (G&G # B242), superb luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 18,000-20,000

86. Jalal ud-din Muhammad (2nd Reign: AH 821-836/7 /AD1418-1432 /3), No mint, Silver Tanka, ‘Lion’ Type, Struck in the name of his father
Ganesha, Obv: A lion walking right, with raised forepaw; short Arabic inscription above reading “bin Ganesha ibtada” (son of the founder,
Ganesha), within a foliated border, Rev: Arabic legend “Jalal ud dunya wa’l din Abu’l Muzaffar Muhammad Shah al-sultan” within an ornated
border, 9.61g, 30.17mm (G&G # B342), shroff marks otherwise, attractive, luster, complete decorated ornate border on bothsides, about extremely
fine, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 2,25,000-2,75,000
Note:This Lion-type silver tanka was struck during the early years of Jalal ud-Din Muhammad Shah’s second reign and remains one of the most
iconic coin types of the Bengal Sultanate. Introduced around AH 824 (1421 AD), the lion motif is thought to symbolize royal power and sovereign
authority, possibly serving as a political statement to assert dominance over rival factions. The inclusion of the lion, an exceptionally uncommon
emblem in Islamic coinage, marked a significant artistic and ideological innovation, later influencing the coinage of subsequent Bengal rulers and
even the kings of Tripura.

87. Nasir-ud-din Nusrat (AH 925-938 /1519-1531 AD), Dar al Darb Mint, Silver Tanka, AH 93X, Small flan type, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan
bin al-sultan Nasir-ud-dunya wal deen abu’l muzaffar”, Rev: Arabic legend “Nusrat Shah sultan bin Husain Shah sultan al Husaini khuld
mulkahu”, “Dar al Darb” & 93x Hijri year within a circle, (Variant of G&G # B805, small flan unlisted), graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64,
Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: NGC has mentioned wrong mint on the slab.

88. Nasir ud-din Nusrat (AH 925-938 /1519-1531 AD), Muhammadabad Mint, Silver Tanka, AH 936, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan bin
al-sultan Nasir ud-dunya wa’l din Abu’l Muzaffar” within a dotted border, Rev: Arabic legend “Nusrat Shah sultan bin Husain Shah Sultan
al-Husaini khuld mulkahu” mint name & Hijri year at the bottom, (G&G # B 837), centrally struck with dotted border, graded & slabbed by NGC
as MS 64, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
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Coins of Sultanates of India > Bengal, Bahamani

Bengal Sultanate continued...

89
90

89. Nasir ud-din Nusrat Shah (AH 925-938 /1519-1531 AD) Muzaffarabad Mint, Silver Tanka, AH (9)27, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan bin
al-sultan Nasir ud dunya wa’l din abu’l Muzaffar” enclosed within a decorative scalloped border, Rev: Arabic legend “Nusratshah al-sultan bin
Husain Shah al-sultan al-Husaini khuld mulkahu” enclosed within a decorative scalloped border, (G&G # B 838), well center strike, a beautiful
border, sharp & original luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: It is rare to find coins from the Muzaffarabad Mint.Mint in this high grade and centrally struck.

90. Bengal Sultanate, Ghiyath ud-din Mahmud (AH 939-945/1532-1538 AD), Da Mint, Silver Tanka, ‘Badr Shahi series’, AH 933, Obv:
Arabic legend “al-sultan bin al-sultan Ghiyath ud dunya wa’l din abu’l muzaffar mahmud”, Rev: Arabic legend “shah al sultan bin Husain
Shah al-sultan khuld allahu mulkahu wa sultanahu”, mint name and Hijri date at bottom, 10.74g, 25.82mm, (G&G # B914), nice toning,
lustrous and fully legible, complete legends on both sides, graded and slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000
Note: NGC has mentioned wrong mint on the slab. Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

Bahamani Sultanate

Extraordinary rarity being offered for the first time in any auction

91. Muhammad Shah I (AH 760-777 /1359-1375 AD), No Mint Type, Gold light-weight Tanka (9.15g) Adli, AH 768, Full flan, Obv: Arabic
legend “Sultan al-ʿAhd wa’l-Zaman ḥami millat Rasul al-Raḥman” (“Sultan of the age and the era, the defender of the faith of the Prophet of the
Merciful One”), within a linear border, Rev:Arabic legend in three lines reads from top to bottom:“Muḥammad Ḥasan Bahmani” within a central
circle, with Hijri date “sana thaman wa sittin wa sabʿamiah” (= AH 768) inscribed in the outer margin, 9.15g, 21.24mm, (Unpublished), no test
mark, superb luster with deep golden hue, centrally and sharply struck, exceptional eye appeal, Unique.
Estimated Price: 8,00,000-10,00,000

Note: A unique and historically significant gold Adli Dinar of Muhammad Shah I Bahmani, struck to the rare 80-Rati standard first introduced by
Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate. While Tughluq’s experimental gold Adliswere issued only between AH 728–732, this remarkable
Bahmani specimen, dated AH 768, extends the lineage of that innovation nearly four decades later.

Weighing 9.15g, the coin aligns precisely with the Tughluq standard, yet no other Bahmani gold or silver issues are known at this weight. The style
echoes Muhammad Shah I’s later dinars of AH 771 and 773 (G&G BH25), but its distinct legends, lack of mint name, and previously unlisted Hijri
date mark it as a transitional or trial issue.

A similar Adli weight standard coin was first reported in JONS 238. This is likely the first known example of its kind to appear in any auction,
including other major references such as JONS, and is absent from all major collections. It offers important insight into the early monetary experimentation
of the Bahmani Sultanate and represents an interesting numismatic discovery.

27
Coins of Sultanates of India > Delhi

Delhi Sultanate

92. Turk Dynasty, Mu’izz ud-din Muhammad bin Sam (AH 589-602 /1193-1206 AD), Silver Dirham, Citing his brother Ghiyath ud din as
Supreme Chief of the Ghurids, Obv: Kufic Arabic legend featuring the Kalima and names of the four rightly Guided Caliphs, with inscription:
“al-sultan al-aʿzam Ghiyath ud-dunya wa’l-din Mahmud bin Muhammad bin Sam”, arranged in concentric circles, Rev: Kufic Arabic legend:
“al-sultan al-aʿzam Muʿizz ud-dunya wa’l-din Abu’l Muzaffar Muhammad bin Sam”, also within concentric circles, 3.73g, 26.70mm, (G&G
# D3), some usual area flatness, but almost legible legends on both sides, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 63, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type. This issue of Muhammad bin Sam bears an honoring verse citing his brother Ghiyath al-
Din as the supreme chief of the Ghurids. The Arabic legends, arranged in concentric circles, represent the distinctive “bull’s-eye” type. These coins
were struck on various weight standards, reflecting both regional circulation and the evolving monetary practices of the Ghurid dynasty.

93. Khilji Dynasty, Rukn-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (AH 695 / 1296 AD), Silver Tanka, Hadrat Delhi Mint, AH 695, Obv: features a bold Arabic
legend within a double square frame, reading “al-sultan al-a’zam Rukn ud dunya wa’l din abu’l muzaffar Ibrahim Shah al-sultan” (“The Great
Sultan, Pillar of the World and Faith, the Victorious Ibrahim Shah, the Sultan”), Rev: Displays a circular Arabic inscription honoring Sultan Firuz
Shah, Rukn-ud-din’s predecessor, with the legend “al-sultan al-a’zam Jalal-ud-dunya wa’l din Firuz Shah, Nasir Amir al-mu’minin” (“The
Great Sultan, Glory of the World and Faith, Firuz Shah, Helper of the Commander of the Faithful”). Around the margin, the mint name and date
are inscribed in Arabic words: “Duriba hadha al-fidda bi-Hadrat Delhi fi sanat khamsa wa tissin wa sitta mi’a” (“Struck this silver at the capital city of
Delhi in the year 695 [AH]”), 10.83g, 29.53mm, (G&G # D211), no test marks, choice quality, AU-UNC, Exceedingly Rare.

Estimated Price: 3,50,000-4,00,000

Note: After the Mongol conflict at Kara in AD 1292, political authority within the Delhi Sultanate began to shift from Sultan Firuz Khilji to his
ambitious nephew, Ala Ud Din Khilji. Ala Ud Din sought Firuz’s permission to raid Chanderi but instead struck deep into the Deccan, plundering
Devagiri, the wealthy capital of the Yadavas. Laden with immense spoils, he returned north in AD 1296, apologizing for the unauthorized venture
and promising Firuz a large share of the booty. To secure his pardon, Ala Ud Din lured the Sultan to Kara, where he murdered him and proclaimed
himself Sultan Ala ud Din Muhammad.

In the aftermath, Firuz’s widow proclaimed her younger son Qadr Khan as Sultan Rukn al-Din Ibrahim, even though the elder son, Arkali Khan,
was based at Multan. Ibrahim’s position, however, received little support, and Ala Ud Din consolidated power in Delhi by securing the loyalty of
nobles with the wealth from his campaigns. Ibrahim and his mother retreated to Multan but were soon captured along with Arkali.
Ibrahim’s reign lasted less than a year, yet his coinage is of considerable importance. His coins not only reflect the turbulence of the Khilji
succession but also bear the name of his father, Firuz, linking them directly to the contested legacy of the dynasty.

This specimen is well struck, with much of the mint name visible at the reverse margin near 7 o’clock and the complete date fully legible. Issued
during a period of political instability, when loyalty within the Sultanate was fracturing.

Ibrahim’s reign lasted less than a year, yet his coinage is of considerable importance. His coins not only reflect the turbulence of the Khilji
succession but also bear the name of his father, Firuz, linking them directly to the contested legacy of the dynasty.

In the aftermath, Firuz’s widow proclaimed her younger son Qadr Khan as Sultan Rukn al-Din Ibrahim, even though the elder son, Arkali Khan,
was based at Multan. Ibrahim’s position, however, received little support, and Ala Ud Din consolidated power in Delhi by securing the loyalty of
nobles with the wealth from his campaigns. Ibrahim and his mother retreated to Multan but were soon captured along with Arkali.
28
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52
Coins of Sultanates of India > Delhi

Delhi Sultanate continued...

94 95

94. Khilji Dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Mubarak (AH 716-720/1316-1320 AD), Hadrat Dar ul Mulk Mint, Silver Tanka, AH 717, Obv: Arabic legend
“al-imam al-a’zam Qutb ud-dunya wal din abul muzaffar khalifatullaha” in bold calligraphy within a circular border, Rev: Arabic legend
“Mubarak Shah al-Sultan ibn al-Sultan al-Wathiq Billah Amir al-Mu’minin”, with mint name “ba Hadrat Dar al-Mulk” and date “fi sana
sab‘a ‘ashar wa sab‘a mi’a” (717 AH) fully legible along the margin, 10.92g, 27mm, (G&G # D259), graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 58, Very
Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

95. Khilji Dynasty, Qutb ud-din Mubarak (AH 716-720 /1316-1320 AD), Hadrat Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Silver Square Tanka, AH 719, Obv:
Arabic legend “al-imam al-a’zam khalifa Rabb-ul- Alamin qutb-ud-dunya wa’l din abu’l muzaffar Mubarakshah”, Rev: Arabic legend “al-
sultan ibn al-sultan al-wathiq billah amir al-mu’minin” within a square frame, in margin mint name “Hadrat dar-ul-khilafa & fi sana 719” Hijiri
year, (G&G # D261), graded & slabbed by PCGS as AU 55, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000
Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

96. Tughluq Dynasty, Muhammad Bin Tughluq (AH 725-752 /1325-1351 AD), Balda Qutbabad Mint, Gold Tanka, AH 72x, Coin struck in
memory of his father Ghiyath ud din Tughluq Shah, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-sa’eed al Shahid al Ghazi Ghiyath ud dunya wa’l din”,
Rev: Arabic legend “abu’l muzaffar Tughluqshah al-sultan Anarullah Burhanahu” within a circular, mint name with Hijri date in Arabic words
partly visible at the margin, (G&G # D321), sharply struck, struck on high relief, flawless quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 63, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,75,000-2,25,000
Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type. Its surfaces present nearly gem-like quality and are brightly struck with its original golden
brilliance.

97. Suri Dynasty, Sher Shah (AH 945-952 /1538-1545 AD), Shergarh Bakkar urf Shiqq Bakkar Mint (by style), Silver ½ Rupee, Obv: Arabic
legend The Kalima Shahada within a square, & the four Caliph’s names in the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Sher Shah Sultan khuld Allahu
mulkahu”, with star mint mark & Nagari legend ‘Sri Ser Sah’ within a square, “Farid ud-dunya wa’l din Abu’l Muzaffar” at the margin & “zarb
Shergarh Bakkar” off flan at the bottom margin, 5.71g, 22.22mm, (G&G # D 805) no test marks, toning, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-1,80,000
Note: Sher Shah Suri, of Afghan descent and the ruler who introduced the term “Rupee” to India, consolidated his empire after defeating Humayun
at Chausa. This Half Rupee from the Shehgarh (Bhakkar) mint, located in present-day Pakistan, is a classic specimen. A brilliant administrator and
builder, Sher Shah developed the famed Grand Trunk Road connecting Sonargaon, Agra, Delhi, and Lahore to the Indus. We have never offered
this denomination before; it is listed as RRR in the Goron & Goenka catalog.

98. Suri Dynasty, Sher Shah Suri (AH 945-952 /1538-1545 AD), Satgaon Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 950, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada
within a circle, the four Caliphs’ names, & “al-sultan-ul-adil” at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend ‘Sher Shah Sultan khuld Allahu mulkahu wa
sultanahu’ within a circle, ‘Farid-ud dunya wa’l din abu’l muzaffar’ with Nagari legend “Sri Ser Sah” & 950 Hijri year in the margin, (G&G #
D 796), graded & slabbed by PCGS as Damage-AU Detail, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.
29
Coins of Sultanates of India > Delhi, Gujarat, Jaunpur

Delhi Sultanate continued...

99. Suri Dynasty, Sher Shah (AH 945-952 /1538-1545 AD), Gold Square Token, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square, Rev:
Arabic legend “Sher Shah Sultan khuld Allahu mulkahu” at the top in two lines & Nagari legend “Sri Ser Sahi” at the bottom, 10.80g, 17.5 x
18.0mm, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000
Note: Gold coins of Sher Shah Suri are virtually unknown, with the Goron & Goenka catalog recording only a single round type. These issues in
gold are generally believed to have been struck as tokens or for religious purposes rather than for circulation. In contrast, Sher Shah’s silver and
copper coinage became the foundation of Indian numismatics , his standardized Rupiya in silver and his system of copper denominations influenced
Mughal coinage and continued well into British India.

Gujarat Sultanate

100. Nasir ud-din Mahmud Shah III (AH 944-961 /1537-1553 AD), Gold Tanka, AH 955, Obv: Arabic legend “al-wathiq billah al-mannan
Nasir ud duniya wa’l din abu’l fath”, Rev: Arabic legend “Mahmud Shah bin Latif Shah al-sultan” & 955 Hijri year within an ornate double
square frame, (G&G # G412), bold strike, struck in high relief, graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 58, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,35,000-1,50,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

Jaunpur Sultanate

Dinar

101. Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (AH 804-844/1402-1440 AD), Gold Dinar (Tanka), AH 82X, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-a’zam Shams
ud dunya wa’l din Abu’l Muzaffar Ibrahim Shah al-sultani khuldat mamlakatahu”, Rev: Arabic legend “fi zaman al-imam amir al-mominin
abu’l fath khuldat khilafatahu” within a circle, Hijri year in the margin, 11.33g, 22.5mm, (Variant of G&G # J2), no test marks, choice extremely
fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,70,000-2,00,000
Note: Listed as a Tanka in G&G, the reverse inscription clearly identifies it as a Dinar. The date is unlisted for this type in G&G , likely being
offered for the first time.

102. Nasir ud din Mahmud Shah (AH 844-861 /1440-1456 AD), Gold Tanka, AH 855, Obv: in tughra characters “Nasir ud dunya wa’l din
abu’l mujahid, Mahmud Shah bin Ibrahim shah al-sultan”, Rev: Arabic legend “fi zaman al-imam na’ib amir al-muminin abu’l fath khulidat”
within inner circle, “zarb hada ad dinar fi sana Hijri” in the margin, 11.59g, 23.71mm, (G&G # J10), test marks, attractive, choice quality, about
extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000
Note: Gold tankas of Nasir ud-Din Mahmud Shah of the Jaunpur Sultanate featuring tughra-style calligraphy are extremely rare and seldom
encountered in public auctions.

Kashmir Sultanate

103. Muhammad Shah (1484-1537 AD), Kashmir Mint, Silver Square Sasnu, AH 842, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-a’zam Muhammad
Shah”, Rev: Arabic legend “zarb Kashmir” and Hijri year in margin, 6.23g, 16.51 x 16.46mm, (Plate specimen of G&G # K43), no test mark,
superb toning, centrally struck, sharply struck, AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: This specimen is the plate coin illustrated in the Goron & Goenka catalog, adding further importance to its provenance.
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Coins of Sultanates of India > Kashmir, Madura

Kashmir Sultanate continued...

104 105 106

104. Shams ud-din II (AH 943-945 /1537-1538 AD), Silver Sasnu, Obv: Arabic legend “al sultan ul azam Shams-ud-din Shah”, Rev: Arabic
legend ”zarb kashmir” within a wavy square frame, 6.15g, 15.06 x 15.58mm, (Unlisted type in G&G), test mark, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

105. Ismail I (AH 945-947/1538-1540 AD), Kashmir Mint, Silver Square Sasnu, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-a’zam Ismail Shah”, Rev:
Arabic legend “zarb Kashmir” and Hijri year in margin, 6.034g, 15.11 x 15.53mm, (G&G # K95), test mark, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

106. Ismail I (AH 945-947/1538-1540 AD), Kashmir Mint, Silver Square Sasnu, AH (842) Fixed Date, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-a’zam
Ismail Shah”, Rev: Arabic legend “zarb Kashmir” and Hijri year in margin, 6.034g, 15.11 x 15.53mm, (G&G # K95), test marks, choice quality,
about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

107 108
107. Nazuk (Nadir) Shah (3rd Reign: AH 957-958/1550-1551 AD), Silver Sasnu, AH (95)7, Obv: Arabic legend “al sultan ul azam Nadir Shah”
with Hijri year (9)57, Rev: Arabic legend “zarb Kashmir”, 5.93g, 15.32 x 14.65mm, (G&G # K110), test marks, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

108. Husain Shah (AH 970-979 /1562-1570 AD), Silver Sasnu, AH 970, Obv: Arabic legend “Muhammad Husain Shah Badshah Ghazi”, Rev:
Arabic legend “zarb Kashmir” & 970 Hijri year within a wavy quaterfoil, 6.10g, 16.18 x 16.20mm, (G&G # K120), test marks, about very fine, Scarce.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Madura Sultanate

109. Jalal-ud-din Ahsan Shah (AH 734-740 /1333/4-1339 AD), Hadrat Madura Mint, Gold Tanka, AH 735, Obv: Arabic legend “abul za’afa’a
wal masakin Ahsan Shah al-sultan khuldat khilafatahu”, Rev: Arabic legend “Afzal Al-Yasin khalifa Rubbul A’alamin Jalal-ud-dunya wal
deen” within a center, “sitta wa thalatin wa sabamaya-735” Hijri year in words & “zarb Hadrat Madura” in the margins, 11.02g 26.51mm,
(Unlisted in G&G), test marks, luster, sharp strike, choice quality, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 3,50,000-4,00,000
Note: After Muhammad bin Tughluq’s invasion of Madura, the region was incorporated as the southernmost province of the Delhi Sultanate.
Sayyid Jalal ud-Din Ahsan Shah of Kaithal was appointed as its governor. In AH 734 (1334 CE), Ahsan Shah rebelled against Delhi’s authority and
declared his independence, assuming the title Jalal ud-Din Ahsan Shah and establishing the short-lived Madura Sultanate. The gold tankas issued in
his name are unpublished in the Goron and Goenka catalog and are extremely rare, making them highly difficult to encounter.
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Coins of Sultanates of India > Madura

Madura Sultanate continued...

A highly elusive and important issue, never offered in public auction.

110. Shams ud-din Adil Shah (AH 748-760/1347-1358 AD), Gold Tanka, AH 758, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan al-hakim al-karim al dunya
wa’l din” within a peak hexagon, (“The Wise, the Generous Sultan of the Temporal World and the Faith”), Rev: “Abu’l Muzaffar Adil Shah al-
Sultan”, with the Hijri year “thamaniya wa khamsin wa sab‘mi’a” (758 AH) in full Arabic script in the margin, 10.96g, 25.49mm, (G&G #
MD22), test marks, choice quality, centrally struck, XF-AU, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 5,50,000-7,50,000
Note: Shams ud-Din Adil Shah, the longest-reigning ruler of the short-lived Madura Sultanate, is famous for having issued only two types of
gold coinage, both of exceptional rarity in Indian numismatics. His earliest gold, struck in AH 748, is regarded as a probable accession
commemorative and is unusually heavy at 13.7 grams, the heaviest known of the series. A decade later, this second gold issue was struck to the
standard tanka weight, likely to mark the tenth year of his reign.
The coin bears no mint name but features the distinctive epithets al-Halim al-Karim (“the gentle, the generous”), highlighting the Sultan’s
cultivated image. Only a handful of specimens are known today, preserved in both museums and private collections.
This example is sharply struck, with clear and well-centered legends, and only minor test marks typical of the period.

A unique and historically significant discovery, offered for the first time.

111. Fakhr-ud-din Mubarak Shah (AH 760-770 /1358-1368 AD), No Mint, Gold Tanka, AH 761, Complete flan, Obv: Arabic legend “al-
wathiq bifazl Allah, Barguzida-e-Elah, Fakhr Shah-e-Shahan (One who trust in the excellence of Allah, the elect of God. Fakhr the king of
kings)”, Rev: Arabic legend “Mubarak Shah Shah-e-jahan (Mubarak Shah, the king of the world)” within a center, “darab hada al-sikka sana
Ahdi sittin wa sabamaya (=761)” Hijri year in Arabic words at the margin, 10.86g 26.35mm, (Unpublished), test mark, struck in high relief,
choice extremely fine, Unique.
Estimated Price: 12,00,000-15,00,000
Note: This remarkable gold coin, dated AH 761 (1359 CE), represents the only known gold issue of Fakhr ud-din Mubarak Shah, the penultimate
ruler of the short-lived Madura Sultanate in Tamil Nadu (r. AH 760–771 / 1358–1368 CE). Its early date suggests that it was likely struck soon
after his coronation, marking an important ceremonial or commemorative issue. No other gold coins of this ruler are recorded, making this a newly
discovered and unique piece of exceptional importance in Indian numismatics.
The reign of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah coincided with the final phase of the Madurai Sultanate, a turbulent period of South Indian history.
His defeat marked the end of Muslim sovereignty in the region following the military campaigns of Kumara Kampana, son of Bukka Raya I,
founder of the Vijayanagara Empire. In 1371 CE, Kampana’s army advanced from Gingee through Tondaimandalam and Kongudesam, defeating
the Sultan’s forces at Samayavaram near Srirangam and capturing the key fortress of Kannanur Kuppam. Fakhruddin was murdered near Madurai,
bringing the Madurai Sultanate to end and vanish and extending Vijayanagara’s dominion to Rameshwaram.

32
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52
Coins of Sultanates of India > Malwa

Malwa Sultanate

112 113

112. Ala ud-din Mahmud I (AH 839-873 /1436-1469 AD), Gold Square ¼ Tanka, AH 873, Obv: Arabic legend “Mahmud Shah Khalji”,
Rev: Arabic legend “al-kibriya’ lillah”, complete date 873 below, 3.19g, 13.69 x 13.73mm, (Unlisted in G&G), crude & sharp strike, AU-UNC,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000
Note: Ala ud-din Mahmud Shah I, ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, issued coins renowned for their intricate designs and inscriptions, prominently
featuring the phrase “al-Kibriya’ lillah” (‫)اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺎء‬, meaning “Greatness belongs to Allah.” This inscription emphasized the Sultan’s recognition of
divine authority and sovereignty. Goron and Goenka catalog does not list this denomination in gold.

113. Ala ud-din Mahmud Shah I or Mahmud Khalji with title Al-Khalji (AH 839-873/1436-1439 AD), Gold Dinar, AH 872, Obv: Arabic
legend:”Dinar Mahmud Shah al-Khalji”, Rev: Arabic legend: “al-Mulk Lillah Ta‘ala” with Hijri year 872 in exergue, 12.72g, 21.26mm,
(Unlisted Type), test marks, attractive, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000
Note: This important gold dinar was previously misattributed by Goron & Goenka (G75) to the Gujarat Sultanate under Nasir al-Din Mahmud
Shah I, owing to an unclear reading of the ruler’s name. On this specimen, however, the dynastic title “al-Khalji” is clearly visible, conclusively
attributing it to Ala al-Din Mahmud Shah I of Malwa. G&G recorded only one indistinct piece of this type, making this coin a crucial correction
and a major addition to Malwa’s numismatic record.
Mahmud Khalji (Ala ud Din Mahmud Shah I), who ruled from 1436 to 1469 CE, was one of the most powerful rulers of the Malwa Sultanate,
with his capital at Mandu (Shadiabad). His reign marked a peak in Malwa’s political and artistic prosperity. This dinar, struck in AH 872, is
exquisitely preserved, with complete legends and refined calligraphy. An unlisted and extremely rare type, this is the only clearly attributed
specimen of its kind , an exceptional discovery offered publicly for the first time in our auction.

A newly discovered and historically momentous coin,

the first of its kind ever offered at public auction.

114. Ghiyath Shah as Heir Apparent (AH 860-873 /1456-1469AD), Hadrat Shadiabad Mint, Gold Nazarana Tanka, Victory Issue?, AH 866,
Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan bin al-sultan wali al-ahd fi al-zaman al hami al ahad al-iman (the Sultan, Son of the Sultan, the heir apparent, in
the time of age, the defender of the period of the faith)”, Rev: Arabic legend “abu’l fath Ghiyath Shah al-khilji al-sultani ba hadrat Shahdiabad
(the father of victory, Ghiyath Shah, the khilji sultan, struck at Hadrat Shadiabad)” with 866 Hijri year, a star symbol at the bottom, 10.94g,
26.15mm, (Unpublished), test marks, nice luster, centrally struck, almost uncirculated, Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 3,00,000-5,00,000
Note: This unique and previously unpublished gold Nazarana or ceremonial tanka was struck in AH 866 (1461 CE) by Ghiyath Shah of
Malwa, issued in the name of his father, Ala ud-Din Mahmud Shah Khalji, when Ghiyath was serving as Heir Apparent. The coin’s exceptional
rarity and early date suggest that it was possibly struck as a victory or presentation issue marking his emergence as co-ruler and military
commander. No other gold coins of this type are known for Ghiyath Shah, making this a new discovery of the highest numismatic importance,
being offered publicly for the first time.
The year AH 866 was one of the most eventful in Deccan and Central Indian history. Following the assassination of Humayun Shah Bahmani
in 865 AH (1461 CE), the Bahmani throne passed to his minor son Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad III, under the regency of Mahmud Gawan, Khwaja-
i-Jahan Turk, and Queen Nargis Begum. Exploiting this instability, Gajapati Kapileshwar of Orissa invaded Telangana, but was defeated and
forced to pay heavy indemnity. Sensing further opportunity, Mahmud Shah Khalji of Malwa, while outwardly maintaining diplomatic courtesies,
advanced militarily into Bahmani territory.
On 20 Muharram 866 (25 October 1461 CE), Mahmud Khalji’s army crossed the Narmada, subdued Asir, and advanced deep into the Deccan.
The decisive Battle of Maheskar, fought on the River Manjar near Balapur on 12 Jumada I 866 (12 February 1462 CE), became one of the
most dramatic confrontations of the era. Initially suffering losses , including Mahabat Khan and Zahur-ul-Mulk , and with Prince Ghiyath Shah
wounded, the Malwa forces appeared on the brink of defeat. However, the personal valor of Sultan Mahmud reversed the outcome, transforming
an impending loss into a resounding victory.
The Bahmani regent Sikandar Khan, fearing for the young king’s life, fled to Bidar, which soon fell under Mahmud Khalji’s control. By the
campaign’s end, Malwa had annexed Berar, Bir, and Daulatabad, consolidating its dominance in the Deccan. This unique gold issue of AH 866
likely commemorates that victory and Ghiyath’s prominent role in the campaign.
33
Coins of Sultanates of India > Malwa • Coins of Mughal Empire > Babur

Malwa Sultanate continued...

116
115

115. Ghiyath Shah (AH 873-906 /1469-1500 AD), Copper Double Falus, 80 rati series, AH (8)87, Obv: Arabic legend “al-sultan bin al-
sultan”, Rev: Arabic legend “Ghiyath Shah al-khilji bin Mahmud Shah”, 17.87g, 21.96 x 24.24mm, (G&G # M86), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
116. Mandu Mint, Silver ½ Tanka, Coin struck in the name of Muhammad (bin Muzaffar) (AH 962-964/1555-1557 AD), Obv: Arabic legend
“al-sultan Muhammad Shah bin Muzaffar Shah”, Rev: Arabic legend “duribat Amid urf Mandu”, 3.34g, 14.91mm, (G&G # M231), test mark,
about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 45,000-50,000

117. Baz Bahadur (AH 963-986 /1555-1561AD), Silver Double Tanka, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square frame, Rev:
Arabic legend “abu’l muzaffar Baz Bahadur Shah sultan khuld Allahu mulkahu wa sultanahu”, 14.05g, 22.39mm, (Unlisted in G & G), no test
mark, toned with patina, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,75,000
Note: Baz Bahadur, the last ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, briefly recovered his throne after defeating the Mughal commander Pir Muhammad,
who had plundered Burhanpur and was returning laden with booty. Attempting to cross the Narmada River, Pir Muhammad drowned, leaving the
Mughal army demoralized and allowing Baz Bahadur to reclaim Malwa, though only for a short time, as Akbar’s forces decisively annexed the
kingdom in 1562 AD.
Unique within Malwa’s coinage, these double tankas follow the standard earlier adopted by Ahmad Shah III of Gujarat and bear the Shahada in
the style of the Suri coinage. This specimen is further marked by unusual symbols such as crescent, line, and dot at the top left of the Shahada, an
unlisted variety in Goron & Goenka.

Coins of Mughal Empire

Babur (AH 932-937 /1526-1530 AD)

118. Agra Mint, Copper falus /Bahloli, AH 936, Obv: Persian legend “fi sana 936 tarikh” within a decorated border, Rev: Persian legend “zarb
Agra” within a circle complete mint name, 8.70g, 17.34mm, (Rahman # 102.01), both sides decorated border, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

119. Lahore Mint (off flan), Silver Shahrukhi, ‘Badshah Ghazi’ type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular frame & the
four Caliphs’ names at the outer margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur Badshah Ghazi” in the middle, “Sultan-ul-azam”
at the top, “khuld Allahu mulkahu wa sultanahu” & “zarb Lahore off flan” at the margin, 4.15g, 22.50mm, (Rahman # 111.01-10), some usual
flatness, sharply struck, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 60,000-70,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest the graded known coin for the type.

34
 Auction
52
Coins of Mughal Empire > Babur, Kamran Mirza, Sulayman Mirza

Babur (AH 932-937 /1526-1530 AD) continued...

120. Lakhnur Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, “Badshah Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic Kalima Shahada in central circle; names of the Four Rightly-
Guided Caliphs around in the outer margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur Badshah Ghazi” in the center, “al-Sultan al-
Azam” above, “Khuld Allahu Mulkahu wa Sultanahu” and mint name “zarb Lakhnur” almost completely visible at the margin, 4.61g, 24.90mm,
(Rahman # 114-01), no test mark, scratches, some usual flatness, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000
Note: Lakhnur (also spelled Luknur) is geographically situated between Sambhal and Khairabad, and is referenced in Babur’s own revenue
list, confirming its importance and strategic placement. While the precise date of Babur’s capture of Lakhnur is not recorded, sources indicate it
was under siege by Afghans in Rajab or Sha’ban AH 933, visited by Babur in Jumada II AH 934, and captured by Afghans again in Ramadan AH
935, before being recaptured by Babur. The mint is important as it aligns with the Timurid practice of issuing coinage from towns directly under
royal or princely control. This issue belongs to the “Badshah Ghazi” type, marking Babur’s role as both a religiously sanctioned and militarily
triumphant sovereign.

121. Mintless Type, Silver Shahrukhi, AH (93)5, “Badshah Ghazi” Type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a wavy quatrefoil
cartouche frame, & the four Caliphs’ names at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Zahir-ud din Muhammad Babur Badshah Ghazi” within a
circular cartouche, “(khuld Allahu ta’ala) mulkahu wa sultanahu” in the margin, 4.49g, 23.33mm, (Rahman # 55.2), test mark, usual flatness,
bold strike, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
Note: Probably Kabul issue.

Kamran Mirza (AH 937-962 /1530-1555 AD)

122. Silver Shahrukhi, (Initially struck by Humayun from Lahore), Counter-stamped “Adl-e-Kamran Badshah Ghazi”, Obv: Arabic legend
the Kalima Shahada within a circle & four Caliphs’ names in the margin, Rev: Persian legend Counter-stamped “Adl-e-Kamran Badshah Ghazi”,
on “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within a mihrab-shaped cartouche frame, “zarb Lahore” at the bottom, 4.62g, 24.42mm, test mark, about
very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000
Note: This specimen was originally struck by Humayun at the Lahore mint and later overstruck by Kamran Mirza, bearing his own titles ,
a rare example reflecting the power struggle between the two Mughal brothers.

Sulayman Mirza (AH 936-992 /1529-1584 AD)

123. Kabul Mint (by style), Silver Shahrukhi, Oval shape, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circle, & the four Caliphs’ names
with their titles around, Rev: Arabic legend “Sultan Sulaiman Badshah Ghazi” within a circle “al-sultan al-azam al-khaqan al-mukarram” &
“zarb Kabul” off flan, 4.73g, 26.84mm, test marks, some usual area flatness, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000
Note: Sulayman Mirza, the son of Khan Mirza, was a first cousin of Babur, and coins attributed to him are rare and difficult to acquire. His reign
is believed to have overlapped with the early Mughal emperors’ timelines

35
Coins of Mughal Empire > Humayun

Humayun (AH 937-947 /1530-1540 AD) & (AH 962-963 /1555-1556 AD)

124 125

124. Agra Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH (9)44, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, “Allah yarzuq man yasha’u ba ghair
hisab” within a circular & the four Caliphs’ names with “radi Allahu an hum” in the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “al sultan ul azam al khaqan al
mukarram, khuld Allahu ta’ala dhatahu wa mulkahu wa sultanahu, zarb Agra” visible at the margin & “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within
an octolobe, centrally struck, choice quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 55. Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

125. Agra Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH (94)4, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, “Allah yarzuq man yasha’u ba ghair
hisab” within a circular & the four Caliphs’ names with “radi Allahu an hum” in the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “al sultan ul azam al khaqan al
mukarram, khuld Allahu ta’ala dhatahu wa mulkahu wa sultanahu, zarb Agra” visible at the margin & “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within
an octolobe, 4.76g, 26.85mm, no test mark, usual flatness, nice strike, UNC, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

126 127 128

126. Agra Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, “Badshah Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada with “Allah yarzuq man yasha’u ba
ghair hisab” within a wavy quatrefoil cartouche frame & four Caliphs’ names in the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “al sultan ul azam al khaqan
al mukarram, khuld Allahu ta’ala dhatahu wa mulkahu wa sultanahu”, “zarb Agra” partly visible at the margin & “Muhammad Humayun
Badshah Ghazi” within a mihrab quatrefoil cartouche frame,, 4.12g, 25.50mm, no test mark, ex-mount, complete strike, about extremely fine,
Extremely Rare to get in this quality.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

127. Lahore Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH 944, Oval shape, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular linear border
& the four Caliphs’ names with their titles at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within a mihrab-shaped cartouche
frame, & “Sultan-ul-azam Khaqan-al-Mukarram, khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” at the outer margin, & “ 94x Hijri year” with
“zarb Lahore” almost visible at the bottom, 4.71g, 26.00mm, test mark, almost legend legible, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

128. Lahore Mint (by style), Silver Shahrukhi, AH 94x, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a wavy quatrefoil
cartouche frame, & the four Caliphs’ names with their titles at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” & Hijri year 94X
within a different mihrab-shaped cartouche frame, & “Sultan-ul-azam Khaqan-al-Mukarram” at the top,” khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa
sultanahu” at the bottom, & “ 94x Hijri year” with “zarb Lahore” off flan at the bottom,
4.65g, 25.94mm, test mark, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000
Note: This piece is a previously unlisted variety, likely struck at Lahore, based on style, legends, and partial mint name. The mihrab-shaped
reverse cartouche differentiates it from the standard Shahrukhi issues of Humayun.

129 130

129. Lahore Mint (Complete mint name visible), Silver Shahrukhi, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular
linear border & the four Caliphs’ names with their titles at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within a mihrab-shaped
cartouche frame, & “Sultan-ul-azam Khaqan-al-Mukarram” at the top,” khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” with “zarb Lahore”
completely visible at the bottom, 4.75g, 26.05mm, no test mark, usual flatness, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

130. Lahore Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, Oval shape, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular linear border & the
four Caliphs’ names with their titles at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within a mihrab-shaped cartouche frame,
& “Sultan-ul-azam Khaqan-al-Mukarram” at the top,” khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” with “zarb Lahore” almost completely
visible at the bottom, 4.76g, 27.57mm, no test mark, usual flatness, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
36
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52
Coins of Mughal Empire > Humayun, Akbar

Humayun (AH 937-947 /1530-1540 AD) & (AH 962-963 /1555-1556 AD) continued...

131. Lahore Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, “Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circular linear border & the four Caliphs’
names with their titles at the margin, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun Ghazi” within a mihrab-shaped cartouche frame, & “Sultan-
ul-azam Khaqan-al-Mukarram” at the top,” khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” with “zarb Lahore” visible at the bottom, 4.66g,
24.90mm, test mark, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

132. Badakhshan Province, Gold 1/8 Mithqal /Misqal, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Arabic legend “Muhammad Humayun
Badshah Ghazi” in the middle, “khuld Allahu ta’ala” at the top, & “mulkahu” at the bottom visible, some area flatness, graded & slabbed by
NGC as MS 62, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 60,000-70,000

Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD)

133 134

133. Akbar (AH 963-1014/1556-1605 AD), Manikpur Mint (Complete mint name), Copper Dam, AH 987, Obv: Persian legend “Falus
Manikpur”, Rev: Persian legend “Hijri year 987 in word & numerals”, 20.20g, 22.62mm, (KM # 28.39), about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000
Note: Manikpur, located in the present-day Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh, held significant strategic importance during Akbar’s reign.
Positioned along the vital route through the Baghelkhand forests leading to Ilahabad, it served as a key military outpost supporting Mughal
campaigns against the Afghan forces of Bihar and Bengal. We have not this offered in the past.

134. Bairata Mint, Copper Double Dam (Tanka), Elahi-44, Month Amardad (Leo), Obv: Persian legend “tanka Akbar Shahi” at the top &
“zarb Bairata” at the bottom within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend “Elahi 44” at the top & “mah Amardad” at the bottom within a dotted
border, 41.64g, 29.89mm (KM # 38.3), choice quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

The Shahrukhi coin, a silver denomination derived from the Timurid and Shaybanid monetary systems, was issued only during the early years
of Akbar’s reign. Struck at a limited number of mints, most commonly at Kabul. Issues from the Lahore mint are exceptionally rare, and
specimens bearing clear dates are particularly difficult to obtain.

135 136

135. Lahore Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH 963, Oval shape, “Badshah” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a double line wavy
cartouche frame, the four Caliphs’ names in margin, Rev: Persian legend “al-sultan-ul-azam khaqan al mukarram khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu
wa sultanahu” in the margin & “zarb Lahore” completely visible at the left margin, “Jalal-ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah” with 963 Hijri
year within a double line mihrab-shaped quatrefoil cartouche frame, 4.73g, 26.77mm, (KM # 70.3), no test mark, usual flatness, about extremely
fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

136. Lahore Mint (by style), Silver Shahrukhi, AH (9)64, Oval shape, “Badshah” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a double
line wavy pentafoil cartouche frame, the four Caliphs’ names in margin, Rev: Persian legend “al-sultan-ul-azam khaqan al mukarram khuld
Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” in the margin & “zarb Lahore” off flan at the margin, “Jalal-ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah” with (9)64
Hijri year within a mihrab-shaped quatrefoil cartouche frame, 4.68g, 25.45mm, (KM # 70.3), no test mark, usual flatness, XF-AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
37
Coins of Mughal Empire > Akbar

Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD) continued...

137 138

137. Lahore Mint, Silver Shahrukhi, AH 965, “Badshah Ghazi” type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a circle, & the four
Caliphs’ names at the margin, Rev: Persian legend “al-sultan-ul-azam khaqan al mukarram khuld Allahu ta’ala mulkahu wa sultanahu” in
the margin & “zarb Lahore” at the left margin, “Jalal-ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” with 965 Hijri year within a mihrab-shaped
quatrefoil cartouche frame, 4.72g, 23.75mm, (KM # 70.3), no test mark, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: The Shahrukhi (Misqal) coins of Akbar’s reign were struck at several important mints, including Delhi, Kabul, Lahore, and Hisar Firoza.
These issues followed the Timurid weight and design standards established by Babur and Humayun, reflecting continuity in early Mughal
monetary tradition. This particular issue, bearing the title “Badshah Ghazi,” is of historical importance.

138. Lahore Mint, Silver ¼ Rupee, Elahi 47, Month Di (Capricorn), Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”, Rev: Persian legend
month “Di” at the top, “zarb Lahore, Elahi 47” at the bottom, 2.75g, 166mm (KM # 58.2), no test mark, partial dotted border, centrally struck,
AU-UNC, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

139 140 141

139. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Square ½ Rupee, AH 995, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev:Persian legend “Jalal ud din Muhammad
Akbar Badshah Ghazi” with Hijri year 995 in centre, “zarb Ahmadabad” partially visible at the bottom, 5.65g, 15.01 x 14.72mm, (KM # 61.1),
test marks, bold strikes, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

140. Urdu Zafar Qarin Mint, Silver Square ½ Rupee, AH 1000 (Alf), Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Arabic legend “Jalal ud
din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi”, flower in noon of deen & mint name partly visible at the bottom, 5.68g, 15.04 X 15.10mm, (KM # 61.4),
test marks, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

141. Mintless Type, Silver Square ½ Rupee, Elahi 32, “Allahu Akbar” type, Obv: Arabic legend “Allahu Akbar” within a square dotted border,
Rev: Persian legend “Elahi 32” at the top, & “Jalla Jalalahu” at the bottom within a square with a dotted border, 5.53g, 14.66x 14.78mm, (KM
# 64.1), test marks, dotted border visible, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

142 143 144

142. Bang Mint (Off flan), Silver Square Rupee, AH 1001(Alf Ahad), Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud
din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi”, the initial letter ‘Ha’ on right, above ‘Jim’ of Jalal & “Sana Alf Ahad” in the center, mint name at the
bottom off flan, 11.25g, 19.47 x 19.57mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, bold strike, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

143. Fathpur Dar-ul-Saltana Mint, Silver Square Rupee, AH 986, Obv: Arabic legend, The Kalima Shahada within a square & the four Caliphs’
names in the margins, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” with 986 Hijri year at the middle, khuld Allahu
ta’ala mulkahu” at the top & “zarb Fathapur” with epithet “Dar-ul-Saltana” visible almost completely visible at the bottom,11.42g, 19.75 x
19.99mm, (KM # 82.2), test marks, superb quality, XF-AU.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

144. Ujjain Mint, Silver Square Rupee, AH 995, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square & four Caliphs’ name in the margin,
Rev: Persian legend “Jalal-ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” & 995 Hijri year within a square, “zarb Ujjain” visible at the bottom,
11.45g, 19.38 x 18.95mm (KM # 82.7), no test marks, centrally struck, superb bold strike, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
38
 Auction
52
Coins of Mughal Empire > Akbar

Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD) continued...

145 146
145. Mintless Type, Silver Square Rupee, Elahi 35, Obv: Arabic legend “Allahu Akbar”, Rev: Persian legends “Elahi 35” at the top &”Jalla
Jalalahu” at the bottom,11.38g, 17.09 x 17.54mm, (KM # 91.1), dotted border, centrally struck, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

146. Mintless Type, Silver Square Rupee, Month Shahrewar (Virgo), Elahi 39, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”, Rev:
Persian legend month “Shahrewar” & “Elahi 39”, 11.37g, 15.69 X 15.59mm, (KM # 90.1), no test marks, nice toning, AU-UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

147. Agra Mint, Silver Nazarana Rupee, Large Flan, Elahi 44, Month Khurdad (Gemini), Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”
within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend month “Khurdad” at the top, “Elahi year 44 & zarb Agra” at the bottom within a dotted border,
11.35g, 24.04mm, (KM # 93.1), test mark, sharp & boldly struck, nice toning, patina, very beautiful, choice quality, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000
Note: This Akbar Nazarana Rupee is exquisitely and centrally struck, displaying a refined floral pattern within complete dotted borders. The coin
radiates exceptional charm and visual grace, truly gorgeous and captivating to the eye. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most beautiful specimens we
have had the privilege to offer in recent times.

Elahi with do chashmi ‘Ha’,

complete month ‘Tir’(cancer).

148. Agra Mint, Silver Nazarana Rupee, Large Flan, Elahi 44, Month Tir (Cancer), Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar” with-
in a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend month “Tir” at the top, “Elahi with do chashmi ”Ha’, year 44” & “zarb Agra” at the bottom within a
dotted border, 11.36g, 23.08mm, (KM # 93.1), no test marks, sharp & boldly struck, nice toning, patina, very beautiful, choice quality, AU-UNC,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000
Note: A splendid Akbar Nazarana Rupee, perfectly and centrally struck, exhibiting a graceful floral motif framed by complete dotted borders. The
coin’s fine detail and balanced artistry make it exceptionally attractive and pleasing to the eye. This type represents a variant featuring the Persian
Do Chasme He in “Ilahi”, adding to its distinct charm and rarity. Truly, one of the most beautiful examples we have had the honour to offer in
recent times.

149 150

149. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Tir (Cancer), Elahi 44, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”, Rev: Persian legend
month “Tir” at the top, “zarb Ahmadabad” & “Elahi 44” at the bottom, ( KM # 93.2), graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 58, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

150. Berar Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Farwardin (Aries), Elahi 43, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalaluhu / Allahu Akbar” in elegant calligraphy,
Rev: Persian legend with the month “Farwardin” at the top, “Zarb Berar”, Elahi year 43 unusually placed to the left of the mint name, 11.45g,
19.55mm, (Variant of KM # 93.6), test marks, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: This specimen is distinguished by the regnal year (Elahi 43) appearing to the left of the mint name, a placement not recorded in standard
references. First known example of this type.
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Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD) continued...

151. Dewal Bandar Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Khurdad (Gemini), Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”, Rev: Persian legend
“zarb Dewal Bandar” at the bottom & the month “Khurdad” at the top, 11.31g, 20.36mm, (KM # 93.9), no test marks, about extremely fine,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000
Note: Dewal Bandar, near Karachi, was a key port in medieval trade and a landing point during Muhammad bin Qasim’s Arab invasion of Sindh in
711 CE. Under the Mughal Empire, Dewal, along with Lahri Bandar, was part of the Thatta province in Sindh. Emperor Akbar is the only Mughal
ruler to have struck coins at Dewal, making its coinage rare and valuable. These coins, usually copper or silver, feature Akbar’s name and the mint
mark “Dewal”, reflecting the region’s strategic importance in trade and governance.

152 153
152. Lahore Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Khurdad (Gemini), Elahi 49, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar” within a lozenge star,
Rev: Persian legend “Khurdad” month at the top, “zarb Lahore” & “elahi 49” at the bottom within a lozenge star, struck perfectly at the reverse,
11.32g, 19.60mm, (KM # 94.3), test marks, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

153. Malpur Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 984, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a dotted square, the four Caliphs’
names in the margin, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” & Hijri year 984 within a dotted square & “zarb
Malpur” with epithet “Dar ul khilafa” at bottom, 11.32g, 23.17mm, (KM # 80.14), test marks, excellent strike, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

154 155
154. Patna Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Azar (Sagittarius), Elahi 43, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu Allahu Akbar”, Rev: Persian legends
month “Azar” at the top, “zarb Patna” & “Elahi 43” at the bottom, 11.42g, 21.63mm, (KM # 93.14), test mark on the edge,washed, centrally
struck, sharply strike, AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

155. Sitpur Mint (Complete mint name), Silver Rupee, Month Mihr (Libra), Elahi 48, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalaluhu Allahu Akbar”,
within a lozenge star, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Sitpur” with “Elahi 48 Mihr” month within a eight pointed star, 11.22g, 21.68mm, (Variant of
KM # 93.18, Elahi date is unlisted), no test marks, nice luster with toning, bold strike, choice quality, AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

156. Gold 1/8 or Fractional Mithqal, AH 963, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar
Badshah, mulkahu” with 963 Hijri year completely visible, 0.52g, 9.02mm, nice luster, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

157. Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD), Badakshan Province, Gold 1/8 or Fractional Mithqal, AH 964, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima
Shahada, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” with 964 Hijri year, nice luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as
AU 58, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 40,000-60,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Akbar

Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD) continued...

158. Badakhshan Province, Gold ¼ Ashrafi or Mithqal, AH 99x, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal-ud-din
Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” with 99x Hijri year at the top, 0.90g, 12.40mm, nice luster, XF-AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000

159. Patna Mint (Complete mint name), Gold Square Mohur, AH 986, Obv: Arabic legend containing the Kalima Shahada, floral mark, and
Hijri year 986, all within a dotted square, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” within a dotted square; “zarb
Patna” completely visible at the bottom, 10.67g, 20.32 x 20.12mm, (KM # 111.1), test marks on the edge, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,00,000-10,00,000

Note: This exceptional square mohur of Patna stands as the finest known specimen among the very limited examples recorded. Distinguished by
its remarkably complete border and outstanding eye appeal on both obverse and reverse, it represents a pinnacle of numismatic rarity and artistry
from the Mughal period.
Struck during a transformative moment in Indian history, this coin is closely tied to Emperor Akbar’s decisive campaign in eastern India. In AH 982
(1574 CE), Akbar personally led the Mughal forces against Daud Shah Karrani, the last sovereign of the Karrani dynasty in Bengal. The preceding
year, Mughal general Munim Khan had advanced into Bihar, forcing Daud to withdraw and fortify Patna. Daud’s commanders, Katlu Lohani, Gujar
Khan Karrani, and Sri Hari, mounted a resistance, but were ultimately overcome. The turning point came with Akbar’s strategic recapture of the
fort at Hajipur, severing Daud’s supply lines and securing a decisive Mughal triumph.
Following the victory, Daud retreated to Bengal, and Akbar appointed Munim Khan as governor of Bihar and Bengal, with the eminent Todar Mal
as his deputy. This military and administrative success firmly established Mughal authority in the region, and this rare coin stands as a tangible
testament to that pivotal consolidation of imperial power.

160. Agra Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint (by style), Gold Mohur, AH 979, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a quatrefoil, around the four
Caliphs’ names, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” & Hijri year 979 in the center, ”khuld Allahu ta’ala
mulkahu” at the top & zarb off flan at the bottom, (KM # 106.1) superb quality, bold strikes, choice quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as AU
58, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000

161. Ahmadabad Dar ul-Saltana Mint, Gold Mohur, AH 984, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada & Hijri year 984 within a double square
enclosed with dots around four Caliph’s name, Rev: Persian legend “Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi” within a double square
enclosed with dots, & “zarb Ahmadabad” with the epithet at the bottom, 10.89g, 21.75mm, (KM # 108.2), no test mark, superb bold strikes, almost
uncirculated, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000
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Akbar (AH 963-1014 /1556-1605 AD) continued...

162. Gold Mohur (Heavy), Mintless Type, Ilahi Countermarked ‘30’, Obv: Arabic legend “Jalla Jalalahu” (“Glorified be His Glory”) within
a double square, with the Ilahi countermark ‘30’ at the bottom, Rev: Arabic legend “Allahu Akbar” (“God is Great”) within a double square,
11.98g, 19.20mm, mount aesthetically removed, test marks on edge, both sides feature legends enclosed within an ornate border comprising a
double square, wavy lines, and a dotted border, choice extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.

Estimated Price: 10,00,000-12,00,000

Note: This exceptional piece represents the earliest known variant of Akbar’s Ilahi-type Gold Heavy Mohur series, distinguished by the
prominent numerical countermark ‘30’. This countermark reflects the earliest recorded date reference in Akbar’s Ilahi era, a system that
would soon become a hallmark of his imperial coinage.
The Ilahi calendar was instituted by Akbar in AH 992 (1584 AD), retrospectively calculated from his accession year, AH 963 (1556 AD). The
countermarked date, Ilahi year ‘30’, thus corresponds to the formal launch of this unique calendrical system. The Ilahi year commenced with the
Vernal Equinox, aligning with Nowruz, the Persian New Year, and followed a solar structure of twelve Persian months, designed by the polymath
Fathullah Shirazi, a leading figure at Akbar’s court.
Initially, coins struck under the new system were issued without date inscriptions. Recognizing this oversight, the administration retrospectively
applied counter-stamps bearing the date ‘30’ to previously issued mohurs. This coin is an exceedingly rare surviving example of that early
corrective phase, offering a direct link to the experimental origins of Akbar’s innovative coinage and calendar reform.

Jahangir (AH 1014–1037 / 1605–1627 AD)

163. Burhanpur Mint, Copper Dam, Month Di (Capricorn), Struck from Silver Rupee Dies, Obv: Persian legend “Nur-ud-din Jahangir Shah
Akbar Shah”, Rev:Persian legend month “Di” at the top, “zarb Burhanpur” & Falus completely visible, 20.59g, 21.60mm, about extremely fine,
Very Rare. Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: An unusual copper dam struck from silver rupee dies, creating a striking minting anomaly. Offered here for the first time in our
auctions.
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Jahangir (AH 1014–1037 / 1605–1627 AD) continued...

We have not previously offered this type,
making it a significant opportunity for collectors of Mughal numismatics.

164. Agra Mint, Silver Square Ornamental Rupee, AH 1021 /7 RY, Month Aban (Scorpio), Obv: Persian legend “Noor-ud-din Jahangir
Shah Akbar Shah” within a peaked square, Rev: Persian legend “month Aban” at the top, “zarb Agra” with Hijri year 1021 and 7 regnal year
at the bottom, within a peaked square, 11.24g, 21.06 x 20.47mm, (Unlisted), test marks, beautiful dotted & floral motifs, about extremely fine,
Exceedignly Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000
Note: This rare ornamental square rupee, attributed to the month of Aban, represents the final known type in Jahangir’s magnificent ornamental
coin series, which concluded in Regnal Year 7. After this point, ornamental issues were discontinued, and mints transitioned to
striking only the standard coin types.
While it remains uncertain whether Aban was indeed the final month in which these artistic issues were produced, this particular specimen
stands out its highly unusual scalloped border on both obverse and reverse, a design element not seen on other coins of the series. This exact
ornamental pattern is not recorded in any major numismatic publication.

165. Agra Mint, Silver Nazarana like Rupee, AH 1023/9 RY, Month Khurdad (Gemini), Obv: Persian legend “Noor-ud-din Jahangir Shah
Akbar Shah” within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend month “Khurdad” at the top, “zarb Agra” with regnal year 9 & “sana 1023 Hijri” year
at the bottom within a dotted border, 11.39g, 22.86mm, ( KM # 145.1), test mark, floral motifs & scroll design with dotted border on both the sides,
about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,00,000-1,50,000

Note: This nazarana-like silver rupee is an exceptional example, perfectly and centrally struck, with all legends fully aligned and crisply rendered
within the double dotted border.
A highly sought-after and increasingly popular type among collectors, examples of this quality are seldom encountered on the market.

166. Agra Mint, Silver Rupee (Nazarana like), AH 1023/8 RY, Month Bahman (Aquarius), Obv: Persian legend “Noor-ud-din Jahangir Shah
Akbar Shah” within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend month “Bahman” at the top, “zarb Agra” with regnal year 8 & “sana 1023 Hijri” year
at the bottom within a dotted border, 11.38g, 24.23mm, ( Variant of KM # 145.1, Unlisted date combination), test mark filled?, floral motifs & scroll
design with dotted border on both the sides, choice quality, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Note: This nazarana-like silver rupee is an exceptional specimen, fully and centrally struck with all legends perfectly aligned, showcasing
a delicate floral scroll motif on both obverse and reverse. Struck on a slightly broader flan than the previous lot, it exhibits extended
ornamental borders, adding significantly to its visual grandeur.
The date combination on this piece is unlisted in standard numismatic references, further enhancing its rarity. While the coin bears a filled
shroff mark, it does little to detract from its outstanding eye appeal. This type has seen a popularity among collectors.

167. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1020 /7 RY, Month Azar (Sagittarius), Obv: Persian legend “Noor ud din Muhammad Jahangir
Shah Akbar Shah”, Rev: Persian legend month “Azar” with regnal year 7 at the top, “zarb Ahmadabad” with Hijri year 1020 completely visible
at the bottom, (KM # 145.2), superb luster & strike, graded by NGS as MS 62, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
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Jahangir (AH 1014–1037 / 1605–1627 AD) continued...

168 169
168. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH (10)27/11 RY, ‘Kishwar’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Ba haft kishwar ien zar hamesha bade
rawan”, Rev: Persian legend “ze naqshe name Jahangir, badshahe Jahan”, 11.41g, 20.60mm, (KM # 149.3), centrally struck, sharp strikes,
AU-UNC, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000
Note: Coins bearing the Kishwar couplet of Jahangir from the Ahmedabad mint, especially in this high grade, are extremely rare and seldom
encountered.

169. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1029 /(1)5 RY, “Enayat Elah” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad dar Ahamdabad az Enayath
Elah”, Rev: Persian legend “Shah Nur-ud-din Jahangir ibn Akbar Badshah”, with (1)5 regnal year, (KM # 149.4), graded & slabbed by NGC
as AU 58, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

170 171 172

170. Ahamadnagar Mint, Silver Rupee, ‘Burhan ud-din’ Type, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada & “zarb Ahmadnagar”, Rev: Persian
legend “Burhan-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Badshah Ghazi”, (Unlisted in KM), floral design, very beautiful, graded & slabbed by NGC as
MS 61, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: The Jahangir coin with the title “Burhan-ud-din” is unlisted in the KM catalogue. Getting Jahangir coins featuring the “Burhan-ud-din”
title is more challenging when compared to coins with the ‘Noor ud-din’ title.

171. Burhanpur Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Mihr (Libra), ‘Nur ud-din’ Type, Obv: Persian legend “Noor ud din Muhammad Shah Jahangir
Shah Akbar Shah”, Rev: Persian legend month “Mihr” & “zarb Burhanpur”, bold strike, decorated on both sides with floral scroll pattern,
graded by NGS as MS 62, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

172. Patna Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1023/9 RY, Month Azar (Sagittarius), Obv: Persian legend “Noor ud-din Jahangir Shah Akbar Shah”,
Rev: Persian legend “Mah elahi Azar”, 1023 Hijri year, 9 RY “zarb Patna”, within a dotted border, 11.50g, 18.80mm, (KM # 145.12), bold strike,
attractive, graded & slabbed by NGS as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

173. Lahore Mint, Silver Sawai Rupee (25% Overweight), AH 1020 /6 RY, Month Farwardin (Aries), “Rashk-e-Mahe Anwar” Couplet, Obv:
Persian legend “ba Farwardin zar-e-Lahore shud Rashk-e-mahe Anwar (In Farwardin the money of Lahore became an object of envy to the
shining moon)”, within a double framed square enclosing dots, Rev: Persian legend “ze Noor Sikka-e-Shah Jahangir ibn Shah Akbar (through
the light of the coin of Shah Jahangir, son of Shah Akbar)”, within a double framed square enclosing dots,14.22g, 24.55mm, (Unlisted in KM),
no test mark, sharp strike, complete legend both sides, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.

Estimated Price: 4,00,000-5,00,000

Note: This exquisite coin bears the rare poetic couplet “Rashk-e-Mahe-Anwar”, “Envy of the Radiant Moon”, an unlisted verse in the KM
catalogue. The inscription stands as a testament to Emperor Jahangir’s refined aesthetic sensibilities and his enduring love for poetic expression.
While only a handful of Jahangir’s coins featuring this elegant couplet are known, this particular specimen stands apart, distinguished by its
Sawai weight and the absence of a Hijri date. A truly extraordinary example of Jahangir’s artistic brilliance and numismatic elegance.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Jahangir, Noorjahan

Jahangir (AH 1014–1037 / 1605–1627 AD) continued...

174. Agra Mint, Gold Mohur, AH 1022 / RY 8, Ilahi Month Tir (Cancer), Obv: Persian legend in Thuluth style “Nur-ud-din Jahangir Shah
Akbar Shah” within a dotted border and surrounded by delicate floral ornamentation, Rev: Persian legend “Zarb Agra, Sanah 1022, Ilahi Mah
Tir, Regnal Year 8” within a dotted circular border, floral design around, 10.3g,23.18mm (KM #176.1) ex-mount professionally removed without
affecting the legend, broad flan, struck with complete legends on both sides, about extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 16,00,000-20,00,000
Note: This magnificent Jahangir Mohur features refined Thuluth-style calligraphy set against a backdrop of intricate floral motifs, exemplifying the
high artistry of Mughal die engraving. Such stylistic excellence is seldom encountered on gold coinage and evokes the calligraphic panels seen
in Mughal miniature art and architecture. Its broad flan and perfect centering suggest it was specially struck for presentation or ceremonial
purposes. Despite being a mount-removed specimen, its importance and exceptional rarity remain undiminished. A truly outstanding example
of Jahangir’s artistic and numismatic legacy, and among the highest rarities in his gold coinage.

Noorjahan (AH 1033-1037 /1623-1627 AD)

175 176

175. Surat Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1035/20 RY, “Sad Zewar” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “ze hukam Shah Jahangir yaft sad zewar” &
“zarb Surat” completely visible at the bottom, Rev: Persian legend “ba Naam Noor Jahan Badshah Begum zar” with “sana 1035 Hijri year &
20 Regnal year” visible at the bottom,11.40g, 20.88mm, (KM # 168.6), no test mark, centrally struck with sharp strikes, nice luster, AUNC, Very
Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000

176. Surat Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1035 /20 RY, “Sad Zewar” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “ze hukam Shah Jahangir yaft sad zewar” &
“zarb Surat” at the bottom, Rev: Persian legend “ba Naam Noorjahan Badshah Begum zar” & 1035 Hijri year with 20 RY, 11.31g, 20.31mm,
(KM # 168.6), no test mark, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 22,000-25,000
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan (AH 1037-1068 /1628-1658 AD)

177. Balkh Province (without mint name & date), Silver Shahrukhi, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square frame. Rev:
Persian legend “Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” within a square frame, 4.45g, 25.4mm, (KM # 220.1), some usual areas of flatness otherwise about
very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000
Note: These Shahrukhi were struck during a Campaign that proved to be Shahjahan’s unsuccessful attempt at retrieving the Mughal homeland of
Trans-Oxiana.

178 179 180

178. Ujjain Mint, Silver 1/8 Square Rupee, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, & Caliphs’ “Basadaq Aba Bakar” name with title visible at
the bottom, Rev: Persian legend “Shah Jahan Badshah (Ghazi)” within a square frame & Ujjain” almost visible at the right margin, 1.42g, 10
.15 x 10.65mm, (Unlisted in KM), centrally struck, sharp strikes, toning,AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000
Note: This Two Annas (One-Eighth Rupee) of Shahjahan, struck on a square flan from the important mint-town of Ujjain, is unlisted in the
KM catalogue and bears the mint name. It shows sharp, well-defined legends and is nearly fully struck. A rare offering, not previously featured
in our auctions.

179. Out of Flan Mint, Silver 1/8 Rupee, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada, Rev: Persian legend “Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” with floral
scroll and dotted motifs, 1.36g, 11.30mm, sharp strike, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000
Note: Adorned with dotted and floral motifs, it stands as one of the finest known specimens of this tiny denomination.

180. Akbarabad Dar-ul-khilafa Mint, Silver ¼ Rupee Nisar, Obv: Persian legend “Nisar Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend
“zarb Akbarabad Dar-ul-Khilafa”, 2.72g, 15.17mm, (Unlisted type in KM), no test mark, sharply struck, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000
Note:This specimen features the ‘Yay’ of “Ghazi” at the top, with ‘Yay Maroof’, a type unlisted in KM.
Nisar coins functioned as agents to ward off the ill effects of the “evil eye”, distracting onlookers while the emperor presented himself at court or
during processions. Jahangir himself mentions in his autobiography the sums of money he scattered during processions in cities like Ahmadabad;
however, many Nisars originate from places the emperor never visited, suggesting the ritual was often conducted by high-ranking officials or
members of the court.
These coins were typically struck in very low denominations, designed to last over the duration of the ritual or procession. Consequently, such
low-denomination Nisars are extremely rare, as their survival through circulation was limited.

181. Balda Burhanpur Mint, Silver 1/4 Rupee Nisar, AH 1040 /3 RY, Obv: Persian legend “Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi”, at bottom “Nisar with
1040” Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend ”zarb Balda Burhanpur” with 3 RY, 2.53g, 14.50mm, (KM # 240.9), no test mark, signs of cleaning, about
extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 75,000-1,00,000
Note: Nisar coins functioned as agents to disperse the ill effects of the “evil eye” by distracting the public to make them look away while the
emperor presented himself, at the court, or while in procession. Jahangir mentions several times in his autobiography the amount of money he
scattered away while staging processions in cities like Ahmadabad. however, it is apparent that the ritual was carried out by other high-ranking
members or officials because Nisars are known from places, where the emperor never visited.
Nisar’s are often struck in low denominations ostensibly to make a certain amount last when it was scattered over a certain time span while the ritual
or procession ensued. But most such very low denomination Nisars are very rare as their chances of survival in circulation were limited.

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Shah Jahan (AH 1037-1068 /1628-1658 AD) continued...

One of the biggest rarity in Nisars! Being offered for first time in any auctions.

182. Lahore Mint, Coronation Issue Nisar, Silver Nisar ½ Rupee, AH 1037 /1 RY, Complete date, large flan, “Purnoor” Couplet, Obv: Persian
legend “Zar-e-Nisar chu mah bazad dahar ra Purnoor (Struck the scattering money like a moon, the world became bright)”, with 1037 Hijri
year within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend “ze naam Shah Jahan Badshah dar Lahore (with the name of Shahjahan Emperor at Lahore)”,
with 1 regnal year at the bottom, 5.63g, 20.64mm, (KM # A238.1), test marks, both the sides dotted floral motifs, sharply struck, choice quality,
about extremely fine, Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,00,000-15,00,000

Note: Following the decline of Emperor Jahangir’s health, political authority passed to his consort Nur Jahan, who administered the empire from
Lahore, effectively making it the de facto capital. During this period, Prince Khurram (later Emperor Shah Jahan) was stationed in the Deccan
when he learned of Nur Jahan’s plan to elevate her son Prince Shahryar to the throne. In response, Khurram rebelled and sent his father-in-law Asaf
Khan to Lahore, where Shahryar was defeated and Khurram was proclaimed emperor in absentia on 29 January 1628, with coins struck in his
name, a significant assertion of legitimacy from the Lahore mint itself.
With no remaining opposition, Khurram advanced to Agra, where he formally ascended the throne as Shah Jahan on 8 Jumada al-Thani 1037
AH (14 February 1628 CE). The coronation was marked by elaborate imperial ceremonies, the distribution of gold and silver coins as nazr
and nisar, and festive illuminations throughout the empire. The nisar tradition, formalized under Jahangir as the ceremonial scattering of coins
signifying imperial largesse and protection against the evil eye, was continued with splendor by Shah Jahan, whose accession was celebrated
from Agra to Lahore, where the governor held public feasts and courtly assemblies in honor of the new emperor.
This exceptionally large flan ½ Rupee Nisar of Lahore mint is a testament to the celebratory festivities of Shah Jahan’s coronation, and to
carrying forward a tradition to invoke good fortune for his new reign. While Nisar coinage is known from mints like Agra and Shahjahanabad,
Nisar coinage from Lahore is exceptionally rare, with only one other publicly known specimen of this type bearing the beautifully crafted
“Purnoor” couplet , making this specimen the first offering of its kind in any auction.
Distinguished by its broad flan, this coin was almost certainly a presentation nisar issue, produced for ceremonial distribution at court rather
than public scattering. Its careful engraving, balanced calligraphy, and striking precision exemplify the highest standards of Mughal minting
under Shah Jahan. Such pieces were likely presented to nobles and high-ranking officials during the coronation festivities, serving as tangible
expressions of imperial splendor and legitimacy.

183. Akbarabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1056 /20 RY, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square around the four Caliphs’ name
& Hijri year 1056, Rev: Persian legend “Shah Jahan Badshah Ghazi” & 20 RY within a square, around “Shihab ud din Muhammad saheb-e-
qirani sani” & “zarb Akbarabad” at the bottom, (KM # 235.3), superb bold strike, graded by NGS as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

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Shah Jahan (AH 1037-1068 /1628-1658 AD) continued...

Ghorahghat

184. Ghorahghat Mint (Complete mint name), Silver Rupee, Obv: Arabic legend: Kalima Shahada in two lines at the top; mint name “zarb
Ghorahghat” fully visible in exergue, Rev: Persian legend: “Shihab-ud-din Muhammad saheb-e-qiran sani Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi”
(Second Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction, Warrior King Shah Jahan), 11.25g, 22.04mm, (KM # 222.20), counter marks on edge, no test marks,
about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,75,000
Note: The Ghorahghat mint, situated on the west bank of the Karatoya River in present-day Dinajpur district of Bangladesh, served as an important
military and administrative outpost during the Mughal era. It played a significant role in the Bengal campaigns under Emperor Akbar, notably in
982 AH (1574 AD) when General Majnun Khan Qaqshal was dispatched toward Ghorahghat in pursuit of the fleeing Afghan Sultan of Bengal,
Daud Khan Karrani. The strategic location of Ghorahghat, at the southwestern frontier of the Koch kingdom, made it a critical gateway to Bihar
and northern India.
Upon his accession in AH 1037 (1628 AD), Emperor Shah Jahan replaced Fidai Khan (a governor under Jahangir) with Qasim Khan Juyini as
Subahdar of Bengal. This minting likely reflects early administrative and military assertion in the region following Shah Jahan’s coronation.

185. Kashmir Mint, Silver Rupee, Month Ardibihisht (Taurus), Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada in two lines at the top & “zarb
Kashmir” with ilahi month “Ardibihisht” at the bottom, Rev: Persian legend “Saheb-e-qiran sani Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shahjahan
Badshah Ghazi” in four lines, 11.36g, 20.48mm, (KM # 224.12), no test marks, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

“Julus” and RY 34
above the sword symbol

186. Katak Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1069 / RY 34 Obv: Arabic legend the Kalima Shahada within a double square frame, ‘sword’ symbol at left
margin with “sana 34 julus”, Rev:Persian legend “saheb-e-qiran sani” at the right margin, “zarb Katak” with 1069 Hijri year at the bottom,
“Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” within a double square frame, 11.55g, 21.05mm, (Unlisted Date Combination in KM), no test mark, about very
fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000
Note: As documented by Dr. Shailendra Bhandare, this type bears the word “Julus” on the obverse above the sword symbol and shows RY 34,
which is an apparent anomaly, as Shah Jahan’s last regnal year was RY 32 / AH 1068.
Following his defeat at Khajwa in January 1659 AD, Shah Shuja’a remained active in Bengal, first in Tanda and then in Dhaka. Previously
governor of Orissa, with Cuttack as the provincial capital, Shuja’a evidently had partisans who continued striking coins in Shah Jahan’s name, as
Aurangzeb’s authority had not yet been fully established locally. Coins of Aurangzeb (RY 1071/3 combinations) are also known, suggesting these
final Shah Jahan issues were immediately followed by Aurangzeb’s issues.
Shah Shuja’a was eventually expelled from Dhaka in 1660 when Aurangzeb sent Mir Jumla after him. He fled to Arakan, where he received
temporary asylum from King Sanda Thudhamma, who promised to facilitate his journey to Mecca, a plan that never materialized. Amid the
ensuing uncertainty, skirmishes broke out between Shuja’a’s retinue and the Arakanese army, culminating in his death in 1661.
This coin is thus historically significant, representing one of the last issues in Shah Jahan’s name and reflecting the complex political and numismatic
circumstances of late Mughal Bengal.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Shah Jahan

Shah Jahan (AH 1037-1068 /1628-1658 AD) continued...

187 188 189 190

187. Shahjahanabad Mint, Silver Rupee, 22 RY, “Jawedan” (Current in the world) Couplet, Obv: Arabic legend the Kalima Shahada within a
quatrefoil & four Caliphs’ names at the margin, Rev: Persian legend “sikka-e-Shahjahanabad rayej dar jahan, jawedan bad banaam sani saheb-e
qiran” in around, ”Shah Jahan Badshah Ghazi” within a quatrefoil, 11.40g, 20.22mm, (KM # 230.2), no test mark, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: This rare coin was struck exclusively at the Shahjahanabad mint in regnal year 22 of Shah Jahan (AH 1058–1059). It features the unique
phrase “Jawedān / rayij dar jahan” (“current in the world”), found only on this one-year type and on no other mint or year. Both obverse and
reverse legends are gracefully enclosed within a quatrefoil design, enhancing the coin’s distinctiveness. While the word Jawedān (“eternal”)
appears on Shahjahanabad coins from RY 22 to 31, rayij dar jahan is exclusive to this issue, making it an especially rare.

188. Shahjahanabad Mint, Silver Rupee, 25 RY, “Jawedan” (current in the world) Couplet, Obv: Arabic legend the Kalima Shahada within
a circle & four Caliphs’ names at the margin, Rev: Persian legend “sikka-e-Shahjahanabad rayej dar jahan, jawedan bad banaam sani saheb-e
qiran” in around, & ”Shah Jahan Badshah Ghazi” within a circle, 11.44g, 21.42mm, (KM # 228.4), no test mark, sharp strike, beautiful very
attractive, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: The phrase “Jawedan” (meaning “current in the world”) appears only on coins struck at the mint of Shahjahanabad during regnal years
22 to 31 of Shah Jahan’s reign. It is not found on coins from other mints or earlier/later years.

189. Surat & Tatta Mint, Silver Rupee, Struck from Two Different obverse dies, 5 RY, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada at the top in two
lines & “zarb Surat” with Elahi month at the bottom, Rev: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada at the top in two lines & “zarb Tatta” with Elahi
month at the bottom, 10.40g, 21.85mm, test marks, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: This coin was struck using two different obverse dies, representing the Surat and Tatta mints respectively, making it a rare example of dual-
mint.

190. Zafarabad, Silver Rupee, AH (10)68/32 RY, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada within a square and the four Caliph’s names with Hijri
year (10)68 in the margin, Rev: Persian legend “Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi with 32 RY” within a square, ruler’s title and “zarb Zafarabad” in
the margin, 11.43g, 22.03mm, (KM # 235.25), no test marks, shroff marks at the edge, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

We have never offered this type before, and it is likely being presented
for the first time in an Indian auction.

191. Shahjahanabad Mint, Gold Nazarana Mohur, AH 1066 /30 RY, Red-Fort/Laal Qila Ceremonial Issue, Complete Central Strike on Broad
Flan, “Jawedan” Couplet, Obv:Arabic Kalima Shahada (Islamic Affirmation of faith) within a circular field; the surrounding margin bears the
names of the four rightly guided Caliphs with honorific phrases: “By the truth of Abu Bakr, by the justice of Umar, by the modesty of Uthman, by
the wisdom of Ali.”Rev: Persian legend “Jawedan” couplet encircling the inner legend “Shah Jahan Badshah Ghazi” (The Champion Emperor
Shah Jahan). The poetic inscription reads: “Sikka-e-Shahjahanabad rayej dar jahan, Jawedan bad abanaam sani saheb-e-qiran” , “May the
coin of Shahjahanabad be current throughout the world, forever in the name of the second Lord of the Conjunctions.” 10.3g, 27.91mm, (KM
# 262.1), no test marks, complete central strike on a very broad flan, thin planchet due to exceptional size, traces of professionally mount removal
visible, about extremely fine, Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,00,000-15,00,000
Note: To establish a new seat for his empire, Emperor Shah Jahan laid the foundation of Shahjahanabad and its citadel, the Qilʿa-i Mubārak
(Red Fort), on 8th Rabiʿ al-Awwal AH 1049 (18 April 1639). As the city flourished, its imperial grandeur was defined by monumental works
such as the Masjid-i Jahanuma (Jama Masjid), along with its majestic gates and encircling walls. The imperial court officially shifted from
Akbarabad (Agra) to Shahjahanabad in AH 1058 (1648).
The Jama Masjid was completed on 10 Shawwal AH 1066 (Friday, 23 July 1656), and grand festivities marked the first congregational prayer,
attended by the Emperor and the royal retinue. This exceptionally broad-flan Nazarana Mohur, dated AH 1066 / RY 30, was likely a special
presentation issue commemorating the inauguration of the Grand Mosque of the Empire.
Bearing the poetic “Jawedān” couplet , “Jawedān / rayij dar jahan” (“current in the world”) , this type coin stands as a remarkable testament
to the ceremonial and artistic brilliance of Mughal coinage.
49
Coins of Mughal Empire > Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb

Shah Jahan (AH 1037-1068 /1628-1658 AD) continued...

192. Burhanpur Mint (by style), Gold Mohur, AH (10)44, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada & Hijri year (10)44 within a square, the four
Caliphs’ names in the margin, Rev: Persian legends “Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” within a square,”saheb-e-qiran sani Shihab-ud-din Muhammad” &
“zarb Burhanpur” in the margins, 11.3g, 20.14mm, (KM # 260.6), no testing marks, choice extremely fine, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,75,000-2,00,000

193. Bhilsa Mint (Complete mint name), Gold Mohur, AH 1052, Obv: Arabic legend The Kalima Shahada & Hijri year 1052 within a square
& four Caliphs’ names at the margins, Rev: Persian legend “ Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” within a square, ruler’s title & mint name Bhilsa
completely visible at the right margin, 10.95g, 18.41mm, (Variant of KM # 260.5, Date unlisted for the type), no test mark, lustrous, sharp strikes,
choice quality, Gem UNC,
Extremely Rare. Estimated Price: 3,00,000-4,00,000
Note: The gold Mohurs of Bhilsa (present-day Vidisha) are rarely encountered, and this specimen is especially desirable with the complete
mint name clearly visible. It also bears an unlisted date, not recorded in the KM catalogue, making it an important and rare variety.

194. Surat Mint, Gold Mohur, 2 RY, Month Azar (Sagittarius), Akola Hoard type, Four lines type, Complete Flan, Obv: Arabic legend The
Kalima Shahada at the top in two lines, “zarb Surat, 2 RY & Month Azar” completely visible at the bottom in two lines, Rev: Persian legend
“Saheb-e-qiran sani Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shahjahan Badshah Ghazi” in four lines, 11.0g, 23.35mm, (KM # 255.6), centrally struck, nice
dotted border, very attractive, sharply struck, nice luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 4,00,000-5,00,000
Note: Historical accounts suggest that gold Mohurs discovered along the riverbanks near Akola originated from the Surat mint, struck as military
payments for Mughal troops stationed at the Golkonda fort. The circumstances of their loss remain shrouded in mystery , whether swept away by
early monsoon floods or lost through theft, the annual production of these Mohurs from Surat was seemingly forfeited.
This particular Mohur is of exceptional quality, featuring deep, bold strikes and highly raised legends with a rich golden hue gracing its surface.
Graded NGC MS 64, it stands as one of the choicest known example.

Aurangzeb (AH 1068-1118 /1658-1707 AD)

195 196

195. Aurangabad Mint (by style), Silver One Anna or 1/16 Rupee, “Badr Munir” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Badr Munir” Couplet, Rev:
Persian legend “sana julus”, zarb Aurangabad off flan, 0.65g, 10.52mm (Unlisted in KM), nice patina, sharp strike, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000
Note: The KM catalogue does not list the One Anna (1/16 Rupee) denomination of Aurangzeb from the Aurangabad mint, making this an
unlisted and extremely rare type.

196. Surat Mint (off flan), Silver ½ Rupee, 12 RY, “Badr Munir” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad-dar jahan chu badre munir, Shah
Aurangzeb Alamgir”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 12 julus” & “zarb Surat” off flan at the bottom, (KM # 294.6), superb luster, excellent bold
strike, graded by NGS as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb (AH 1068-1118 /1658-1707 AD) continued...

197. Ahmadabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1074 /7 RY, “Badr Munir” couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad dar jahan chu badre munir, shah
Aurangzeb Alamgir”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 7 julus” & “zarb Ahmadabad” at the bottom, (KM # 300.2), graded by NGS as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

198. Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Silver Rupee, 2nd Coronation Nazrana Rupee, AH 1069 /Ahad RY, “Badr Munir” Couplet, Obv:
Persian legend “Sikka zad dar jahan chu badr munir, Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir” with 1069 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana Ahad julus”
& “zarb Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa” completely visible at the top, 11.50g, 25.89mm, (Unlisted in Major Catalogue), no test mark, original
patina, superb quality, choice extremely fine, Exceptionally Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,00,000-1,50,000
Note: After Dara Shikoh’s defeat at the Battle of Samugarh in 1658, Aurangzeb advanced to Agra to consolidate his power, where Shah
Jahan was compelled to surrender, giving Aurangzeb de facto control of the Imperial Takht (throne). To formalize his authority, a hastily
arranged coronation was held on 1 Zilqadah AH 1068 (21 July 1658) in the Bāgh-e-Fakhr-Ārā (Shalimar Gardens), marking Aurangzeb’s
first ascension to the throne.
In Shahjahanabad (Delhi), religious and legal controversies surrounded this initial coronation. The Qazi-ul-Quzat (Chief Justice), the empire’s
highest religious authority, refused to authorize the reading of the khutba, citing that Shah Jahan, still alive, remained the rightful sovereign.
Consequently, this first coronation, held amid political uncertainty, was largely symbolic, asserting Aurangzeb’s claim rather than conferring
uncontested legitimacy.
Over the following year, Aurangzeb consolidated his rule, quelling rebellions and eliminating his rival brothers. On 24 Ramadan AH 1069
(5 June 1659), a lavish two-month coronation ceremony commenced in the Diwan-i-Khas of the Qilʿa-i Mubārak (Red Fort). This event,
marking his formal enthronement, was celebrated with the striking of new coins. The court chronicler Muhammad Kazim, in the Alamgirnama,
records the grandeur of the occasion, the distribution of khilʿats (robes of honour), promotions, and generous disbursement of gold and silver,
symbolizing imperial power and divine sanction. The official date of accession was later standardized to 1st Ramadan AH 1068 by imperial
Farman (decree).
This nazrana style rupee, dated AH 1069 / Regnal Year Ahad, was likely struck to commemorate Aurangzeb’s second and formal coronation
at Shahjahanabad. The presence of the term “Ahad”, coupled with its refined calligraphy on a bigger flan, suggests a special ceremonial issue
marking the official commencement of his reign.
It is unlisted in the KM catalogue and other major numismatic references, emphasizing its great rarity and historical significance.
Seldom seen in auctions!

199 200

199. Surat Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1112 /44 RY, “Badr Munir” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad dar jahan chu Badr Munir, Shah
Aurangzeb Alamgir”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 44 julus”, “zarb Surat” completely visible at bottom, (KM # 300.86), sharply struck graded &
slabbed by NGC as MS 61, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000
Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

200. Dar-ul-Fath Ujjain Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1105 /38 RY, “Badr Munir” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad dar jahan chu badr
munir, Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir”, with 1105 Hijri year at the top, Rev: Persian legend “sana 38 julus” & “zarb Ujjain” with epithet “Dar-ul-
Fath” completely visible at the bottom, 11.4g, 22.23mm, (Variant of KM 300.91), sharp strike, very attractive, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: This coin differs from the listed type KM # 300.91, bearing an unlisted date combination and a variant style of the mint name with epithet
legend, not recorded in the standard references.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Aurangzeb, Azam Shah, Shah Alam Bahadur

Aurangzeb (AH 1068-1118 /1658-1707 AD) continued...

201. Akbarabad Mustaqir-ul-Khilafa Mint, Gold Mohur, AH (1)116 /48 RY, “Mihr Munir” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad dar jahan
chu mehre munir, Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 48 julus” & “zarb Akbarabad” with the epithet “Mustaqir ul khilafa”
at the top in two lines, (Variant of KM # 315.52, date is unlisted), sharp & original luster, graded & slabbed by PCGS as MS 64, Extremely Rare
in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.This gold Mohur of Aurangzeb exhibits a complete and well-centered strike, with sharp,
prominently raised legends. An interesting feature is its unlisted date and regnal year combination, absent from all major catalogues.

Azam Shah (AH 1118-1119 /1707 AD)

Only a few specimens of this quarter rupee are known, and it has been rarely offered in public auctions.

202. Khujista Buniyad (Aurangabad) Mint, Silver ¼ Rupee, AH 1119/Ahad RY, “Ba Daulat-O-Jah” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka
zad dar jahan ba daulat-o-jah, bad shah-e-mumalik Azam Shah”, Hirji year 1119,Rev: Persian legend “sana ahad julus-e-ashraf” and “zarb
Khujista Buniyad” at bottom, 2.69g, 15.15mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, sharp strike, luster, AU-UNC, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 6,00,000-8,00,000
Note: Azam Shah, the eldest son of Emperor Aurangzeb, proclaimed himself emperor on 14 March 1707 (10 Dhu’l Hijja 1118 AH) at
Ahmadnagar, shortly after his father’s death. Having served as governor and military commander in regions such as Berar, Gujarat, and
Malwa, he possessed considerable administrative and military experience. However, his reign was tragically brief, on 8 June 1707, he was
defeated and killed by his stepbrother Prince Mu‘azzam, who ascended the throne as Bahadur Shah I.
Fractional rupees issued in the name of Azam Shah are exceptionally rare. This quarter rupee from the Aurangabad mint, dated AH 1119 / RY
Ahad, is an important and historic example, with both date and regnal year fully visible. Historical records note that Azam Shah stayed briefly
in Aurangabad from 28 to 29 Dhu’l Hijja 1118 AH, just before the new Islamic year 1119 AH commenced on 4 April 1707. This indicates that
the coin was likely struck during or immediately after his brief presence, when his authority was still recognized in the region.
A rare and poignant reminder of Azam Shah’s fleeting reign, this coin reflects how imperial coinage mirrored shifting political power during
moments of dynastic change.

Shah Alam Bahadur (AH 1119-1124 /1707-1712 AD)

203. Surat Mint, Silver ½ Rupee, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Shah Alam Bahadur Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend “sana julus” & “zarb
Surat” at the bottom, (KM # 343.1), bold & centrally struck, graded by NGC as MS 63, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: One of the finest specimen known for the type. Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Shah Alam Bahadur, Jahandar Shah

Shah Alam Bahadur (AH 1119-1124 /1707-1712 AD) continued...

204 205
204. Akbarabad Mustagir-ul-Mulk Mint, Silver Rupee (Heavy weight), 5 RY, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Shah Alam Bahadur
Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 5 julus” & “zarb Akbarabad” with the epithet “Mustagir-ul-mulk” visible at the bottom in two
lines, 11.93g, 23.50mm, (Unlisted weight standard in KM ), no test mark, die crack, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000
Note: An intriguing and historically important heavy-weight coinage of the Mughal Empire, these so-called “heavy rupees” of Shah Alam
Bahadur represent a short-lived and rare numismatic experiment, notable for their weight exceeding that of standard rupees. They were
primarily struck in AH 1123 / RY 5, with rarer issues known from AH 1123 / RY 6 and a very limited number from AH 1122 / RY 4 and RY
5, as exemplified by the present specimen.
A comprehensive study of this remarkable issue was presented by Alan DeShazo in The ONS Journal No. 220, identifying at least ten mints that
participated in the production of these heavy rupees. The elevated weight standard, first introduced for the gold mohur, appears to have been
briefly extended to silver rupees.
These coins were issued under an Imperial Farman mandating the striking of currency to a higher weight standard, a policy swiftly rescinded
shortly thereafter. Their brief period of production, limited mint participation, and immediate withdrawal render all surviving examples
extremely rare and historically significant, representing one of the most fascinating monetary experiments of the Mughal Empire.

205. Firoznagar (Raichur) Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1122/4 RY, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Alam Bahadur”
with Hijri year 1122, Rev: Persian legend “sana 4 julus” & “Firoznagar” at the bottom, 11.24g, 23.11mm (KM # 348.17), no test marks, nice
patina, centrally struck, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

207
206
206. Nusratabad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1120 /2 or 3 RY, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka mubarak Shah Alam Bahadur Badshah Ghazi” with
1120 Hijri, Rev: Persian legend “sana 2 or 3 julus” & “zarb Nusratabad” at the bottom, 11.45g, 24.50mm, (Variant of KM # 348.3, date unlisted
), test marks, sharp strike, centrally struck, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

207. Ganjikot Mint, Gold ½ Hon- Pratapa, Obv: Persian legend “Badshah Shah Alam” within a dotted border, Rev: Persian legend “Zarb
Ganjikot” within a dotted border, 1.70g, 8.75mm, (Unlisted in KM), about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000
Note: This exceptionally rare gold coin, attributed to the Ganjikot mint in South Andhra Pradesh, represents a fractional denomination (½ Hon-
Pratapa) likely issued during the final years of Mughal control in the Deccan. Ganjikot was a key military outpost en route to the Karnataka
province, and this piece was probably struck under prominent Mughal officers like Zulfiqar Khan or Daud Khan Panni, just before the region passed
to Sa’datullah Khan, the first Nawab of Arcot. Unrecorded in standard catalogues, this coin offers a rare glimpse into transitional Mughal-Deccan
coinage and holds significant numismatic value.

Jahandar Shah
Being offered for the first time in any public auction.
(AH 1124-1125 / 1712-1713 AD)

208. Multan Mint, Silver ½ Rupee, AH 1124 /Ahad RY, “Abu’l Fath” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “dar aafaq zad sikka chun mehr-o-
mah, Abu’l Fath Ghazi Jahandar Shah” with 1124 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana Ahad julus” & “zarb Multan” completely visible at
the bottom with floral mint mark in ‘seen’ of julus, 5.70g, 17.78mm, (KM # 362.4), no test mark, sharp strike, about extremely fine, Unique.
Estimated Price: 3,00,000-4,00,000
Note: Multan, a long-standing strategic province of the Mughal Empire, came under Mughal control in 1528 during Babur’s reign and remained
a key subah under subsequent emperors. Mirza Mu‘izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammad Khan, (later Jahandar Shah) was appointed Subadar of
Multan and Tatta by his grandfather Aurangzeb and continued to serve as Subadar under Shah Alam Bahadur. Following a brutal war of
succession with his brothers, primarily Azim-us-Shan, Mirza Mu‘izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammad Khan, ascended the throne as Jahandar Shah
on 21 Safar AH 1124 (29 March 1712). His reign was short and turbulent, dominated by his wazir Zulfiqar Khan and challenged by the rebellion
of Farrukhsiyar. His reign lasted for 11 months only.
With the rapid decline of central Mughal authority, Multan experienced political decay, making coinage from this mint under Jahandar Shah
extremely rare. While full rupees from Multan under Jahandar Shah are known, this unique ½ rupee denomination is unlisted and unpublished. This
half rupee is one of only two known specimens, the other in a private collection.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi-ud-Darjat, Shah Jahan II

Jahandar Shah (AH 1124 /1712 AD) continued...

209 210
209. Lahore Dar-ul-Sultanat Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1124/Ahad RY, “Abul Fath” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “dar aafaq zad sikka chun
mehr-o-mah, Abu’l Fath Ghazi Jahandar Shah” with 1124 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana ahad julus” & “zarb Lahore” with epithet
“Dar ul Sultanat”, 11.49g, 21.30mm, (KM # 363.17), test marks, die crack, choice extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
210. Lakhnau Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1124 /Ahad RY, “Saheb-e-Qiran” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka ba zad bar meh chu saheb-e-
qiran, Jahandar Shah, Badshah-e-Jahan” with complete 1124 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana ahad julus” & “zarb Lakhnau”, 11.40g,
23.86mm, (KM # 364.15), nice toning, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

Farrukhsiyar (AH 1124-1131 /1713-1719 AD)

211 212

211. Khujista Bunyad (Aurangabad) Mint, Gold Mohur, AH (11)29 /6 RY, “Badshah Bahr-o-Barr” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad
az fazl-e-haq bar sim-o-zar, badshah bahr-o-barr Farrukhsiyar” with (11)29 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana 6 julus” & “zarb Khujista
Bunyad” visible at the bottom, 10.96g, 22.48mm, (KM # 390.19), no test mark, deep golden hue, sharply struck, choice quality, AU-UNC, Very
Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,40,000-1,50,000
212. Haidarabad Farkhanda Buniyad Mint, Gold Mohur, AH 1125 /Ahad RY, “Badshah Bahr-o-Barr” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka
zad az fazl-e-haq bar sim-o-zar Badshahe bahr-o-barr Farrukhsiyar” & 1125 Hijri year(“By the grace of God, struck coin on silver and gold,
the King of Land and Sea, Farrukhsiyar”), Rev: Persian legend “sana Ahad Julus” (Regnal Year One), “Zarb Haidarabad”, with the mint epithet
“Farkhanda Bunyad” (“Of Auspicious Foundation”) at the bottom, all within a decorated border of floral motifs, 11.04g, 21.07mm, (KM #
390.15), no test marks, beautiful floral motifs both sides, sharp strike, luster, centrally struck, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000

Rafi-ud-darjat (AH 1131 /1719 AD)

213. Itawa Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 11(31) /Ahad RY, “Ba hazaran barkat” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bahind, bahazaran
barkaat, Shahenshah-e-bahr-o-barr Rafi ud darjat” with Hijri year 11(31), Rev: Persian legend “sana Ahad julus” & “zarb Itawa” completely
visible at the bottom, 11.48g, 24.65mm, (KM # 405.8), test mark, superb quality, nice toning, AU-UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Shah Jahan II, Rafi-ud-Daula (AH 1131 /1719 AD)

214. Shahjahanabad Dar ul Khilafa Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1131 /Ahad RY, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah
Jahan” with Hijri year 1131, Rev: Persian legend “sana ahad julus” & “zarb Shahjahanabad” with epithet “Dar ul Khilafa” at the top, (KM #
415.23), centrally stuck, superb toning and luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 61, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000
Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.
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Coins of Mughal Empire > Shah Jahan II, Muhammad Shah, Shah Alam II

Shah Jahan II, Rafi-ud-Daula (AH 1131 /1719 AD) continued...

215 216

215. Tatta Mint (off flan), Silver Rupee, AH 1131, Obv: Persian legend “sikka mubarak badshah ghazi, shah e jahan”, Rev: Persian legend
“sana julus” & “zarb Tatta” off flan at bottom, 11.22g, 22.29mm, (KM # 415.25), test mark, shroff mark on edge, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000
216. Tatta Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1131/Ahad RY, “Ba amn-o-aman”Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad dar jahan ba amn o aman sahab
qiran sani, shah e jahan”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 1 julus” & “zarb Tatta” at bottom, 11.22g, 22.29mm, (KM # 413.3), test mark, shroff mark
on edge, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

Muhammad Shah (AH 1131-1161 /1719-1748 AD)

217. Burhanpur Dar us Sarur Mint, Silver 1/8 Rupee, 31 RY, Obv: Persian legend “Badshah Muhammad Shah”, Rev: Persian legend “zarb
Burhanpur” with epithet “Dar us Sarur”, 1.44g, 12.86mm, (KM # C431.4), sharp strike, UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000
Note: Fractions in Mughal coinage are rare to encounter.

Shah Alam II (AH 1174-1221 /1759-1806 AD)

This gold Mohur is of an important rarity and historical importance,

marking a transitional era between Mughal sovereignty and Maratha dominance.

218. Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Gold Mohur, Maratha Issue, AH 1206 / RY 34, Obv : Persian legend “Sikka zad Saheb-e-Qiran ze
tayid-e-Ilahi, Hami Din-e-Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah” (“The coin was struck by the Saheb-e-Qiran by divine support, the protector of
the religion of Muhammad, Shah Alam, the Emperor”), featuring a royal umbrella motif, Rev: Persian legend “Sana 34 Julus” (Regnal Year
34), “Zarb Shahjahanabad” (Struck at Shahjahanabad), with the epithet “Dar-ul-Khilafa” (Abode of the Caliphate) at the top, 10.76g, 20.57mm,
(KM # 720), no test mark, highly attractive with full original mint luster, sharp strike, AU–UNC, Extremely Rare.

Estimated Price: 1,30,000-1,50,000

Note : Though issued in the name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, this gold Mohur was struck under the authority of the Maratha Confederacy
during their control of Delhi. The imperial umbrella embellished with a floral motif, along with the distinctive Sahib-i-Qiran inscription, are
artistic features introduced by the Marathas.
Delhi was occupied by the Marathas five times, with the final occupation (1788–1803) ending after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Coins
from this period often feature Maratha-style motifs and are linked to Maratha administration.
These coins are generally classified under the Mughal series, but are now recognized by scholars as Maratha issues struck in the name of Shah
Alam II of late 18th-century India.

55
Coins of Mughal Empire > Bedar Bakht, Muhammad Akbar I

Bedar Bakht (AH 1202-1203/1788 AD)

219. Ahmadabad Mint (Ghausgarh), Silver Rupee, AH (120)2/29 RY, “Saya-e-fazle elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian
legend “sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya e fazle elah, hami-e-dine Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah” & Hijri year (120)2, with a peculiar leaf
symbol in ‘Mi’ of Hami, Rev: Persian legend “sana 29 julus”, “zarb Ahmadabad” visible at the top & sword mark at bottom, 11.16g, 21.01mm,
(Variant of KM # 738, Date Combinaion for the type is unlisted in KM), no test mark, sharp strike, mint luster, superb quality, struck on high relief,
AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000

Note: This coin was previously attributed to the Bedar Bakht issue and is listed under KM reference no. 738. However, recent research and
reinterpretation suggest an alternative attribution to Ghulam Qadir Rohilla.

Muhammad Akbar II (1st Reign AH 1203/1788 AD)

220. , Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1203/ Ahad RY, Struck during the ephemeral two-day reign of Muhammad
Akbar II, “Hami-e-deen”Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad dar jahan ba fazl-e-Ilahi, Hami-e-din Muhammad Akbar Shah” (Struck
coin in the world by divine grace, defender of the faith, Muhammad Akbar Shah)”, Rev: Persian legend “sana Ahad julus”, mint Shahjahanabad
Dar-ul-Khilafa, with memant manus, 11.23g, 20.19mm (Unlisted Type), counter struck mark at edge, no test mark, attractive, deep strike, AU-
UNC, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,50,000
Note:Muhammad Akbar II, the 26th Mughal Emperor, briefly ascended the throne from 15 to 17 October 1788 during a tumultuous period in
Delhi’s history. Installed as a puppet ruler by Rohilla chief Ghulam Qadir, his ephemeral reign was marked by chaos, court intrigue, and power
struggles involving Shah Alam II and Bedar Bakht.
Despite the disorder, royal protocols were observed: the Khutba was read in his name, and coins were struck to legitimize his authority, making
them among the rarest Mughal numismatic issues. This silver rupee from Shahjahanabad, bearing the “Hami-e-Din” epithet, is among the
finest known examples from his two-day reign.
A tangible relic of a fleeting moment in Mughal sovereignty, this coin symbolizes the fragility of imperial power, increasingly overshadowed
by regional warlords and the rising East India Company. Its exceeding rarity and historical significance make it a highly coveted piece for
collectors.
For further study, see Dr. Shailendra Bhandare, “Muhammad Akbar: A Pawn in Politics,” ONS Newsletter 175 (2003), pp. 18–30.

221. Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Silver Nazarana like Rupee, AH 1221 /Ahad RY, Dotted motif, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka mubarak
saheb-e-qiran sani Muhammad Akbar Shah Badshah Ghazi” & 1221 Hijri with flower & royal umbrella (Parasol symbol) mint mark, Rev:
Persian legend “sana Ahad julus” & “zarb Shahjahanabad with epithet Dar-ul-Khilafa” completely visible at the top, 11.14g, 23.10mm, (KM #
777), no test mark, nice quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
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Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Assam, Cooch Bihar, Gond Kingdom of Devgadh, Maratha Confederacy

Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India

Assam Kingdom

222. Gaurinatha Simha or Suhitpanpha (SE 1702-1718 /1780-1796), Silver Rupee, Saka 1706 /5, Obv: Assamese legend “Sri Sri Ha/ ra Gauri
Pa /dam buja Madhukarasya”, & dots in the upper left & upper right, Rev: Assamese legend “Sri Srimat Sva/ rga Deva Sri Gau/ ri natha Sim-
hasya/ Sake 1706”, year 5 in the lower border, lion running right below, 11.37g, 24.00mm, (KM # 216 /RB # R36.3), nice luster with gorgeous
toning, graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 55.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

Durrani Dynasty

223. Mahmud Shah ( 1st reign AH 1216-1218 /1801-1803 AD), Bahawalpur Mint, Silver 2 Rupees (Double Rupee), AH 1217 /1 RY, Hand-en-
graved oblique reading, “Bataufiq Elah” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar zar bataufiq-e-elah, khusru getistan Mahmud Shah”
(Struck coin on silver & gold by the Grace divine; the World-conqueror, the Sovereign Mahmud Shah ) & 1217 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend
“sana 1 julus, memanet manus”, & “zarb bahawalpur” completely visible at bottom,22.48g, 27.00mm, (Old KM # 244), no test mark, attractive
floral design on both sides, choice extremely fine,Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,10,000-1,20,000
Note: The Double Rupee Coin of Bahawalpur, to pay Tribute (Nazr) on the occasion of his 1st Coronation. The oblique milling on these rare
coins, is a tribute to the influence of the British Indian coins on the Bahawalpur coins. However, the milling on these coins is quite coarse and
seems to have been done by the mint staff by hand.

Gond Kingdom of Devgadh

2x

224. Kok Shah I, Mahipatirao (1620-1640 AD), Copper Square ¼ Paisa, Obv: Nagari legend; ‘Sri Maha / raja (Jataba / ji), Rev: Nagari
legend: ‘(Sri) Maha / raja Jataba’ / (ji ko suta), 2.10g, 9.37 x 9.20mm (This Denomination is unpublished), nice quality with toning, XF-AU,
Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

Maratha Confederacy

225. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1674-1680 AD), ‘Swarajya’, Copper Sajgani /Shivarai Paisa, so-called ‘lifetime issue’ with dotted bor-
ders on either side, Obv: Nagari legend “Shri/ Raja/ Shiva” in three lines, Rev: Nagari legend “Chhatra/ Pati” in two lines, 12.04g, 20.35mm,
(KM # 41 /M&W # T1), about extremely fine, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

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Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Maratha Confederacy

Maratha Confederacy continued...

226. Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Mint, Gold Mohur, AH (1)173 /Ahad RY, In the name of Shah Jahan III (AH 1173 /1759–1760 CE), Obv:
Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Jahan” (“Auspicious coin of Emperor Shah Jahan, the Warrior King”), Rev: Persian
legend “Sanah Ahad Julus” & “Zarb Shahjahanabad” with epithet “Dar-ul-Khilafa” (“Abode of the Caliphate”), 10.83g, 20.06mm, (KM # 397/
Reference JONS Article No # 209), test mark on the edge, lustre, XF-AU, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 6,00,000-8,00,000

Note: A gold mohur dated AH 1173, struck in the name of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan III at the Shahjahanabad mint, was issued during the
brief period of Maratha control of Delhi in August 1760. The Marathas entered Delhi on 3 August 1760, just ten days before the Hijri year 1173
ended on 13 August 1760. Shortly after, on 6 August 1760, Sadashivrao Bhau ordered the silver lining of the Hall of Private Audience to be melted
and coined into silver rupees. Although this re coinage was mainly in silver, the gold mohur shares the same style and unusual placement of the
date in the second line of the obverse inscription, which matches Maratha-issued coins dated AH 1174. This suggests the gold mohur was struck
during the same short transitional period of Maratha authority between 3 and 13 August 1760, making it a rare and important piece from that time.

This example represents the first known appearance of Ganapati–Pantapradhan,

1/8 Rupee (Two Annas) of this type in any public auction.

227. Patwardhans of Miraj, Murtazabad (Miraj) Mint (off flan), Silver 2 Annas or 1/8 Rupee, Fasli 122X, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv:
Devanagari legend “Shri Ganapati” (partly off flan) appears at the top, honouring the family deity. Below it, a clear Persian inscription: “(Shah
Alam Bahadur Bad)shah Ghazi”, referring to the nominal Mughal overlord Shah Alam II, Fasli date “122X” visible in the exergue, Rev: Deva-
nagari legend “Sri Pantapradhan” (partially visible) at top, referencing the Peshwa’s title (“Pantapradhan” meaning Prime Minister), Below,
Persian legend “julus manus” (regnal year), and traces of the mint name “Murtazabad” (off flan),1.42g, 11.80mm (Unpublished and Unlisted),
struck with sharpness, attractive patina and original toning, about extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 5,00,000-7,00,000

Note: This remarkable and previously unrecorded denomination was issued during the turbulent conflict between the Patwardhans of Miraj and
the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis. The fort of Miraj, granted as a jagir to Govind Hari Patwardhan by Madhavrao Peshwa, served as the issuing
site. Commonly known among numismatists as the “Ganapati–Pantapradhan Rupee,” this coin was struck by the Patwardhans to express their
allegiance to the Peshwas. The inscription “Pantapradhan” , meaning Prime Minister , proudly honors the Peshwa’s exalted title and symbolizes
the administrative and political hierarchy of late Maratha governance.

Unpublished and unlisted in standard reference catalogs including the Wiggins, and Krause-Mishler. A coin of immense rarity and historical im-
portance, a true highlight for advanced collectors of Maratha or Mughal–feudatory coinage.

228. Vaphgaon Mint (Off Flan), Silver ¼ Rupee, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “(Sikka Mubarak) Badshah (Ghazi) Shah
Alam”, Rev: Persian legend “Sana julus” & “zarb Vaphgaon” off flan at the bottom, & mint mark vaphgaon symbol 2.70g, 14.60mm, (KM # 113/
Unlisted denomination in M&W), no test mark, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000
Note: Seldom appears in auction.

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Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Maratha Confederacy, Bhonslas of Nagpur

Maratha Confederacy continued... A Lingam symbol

A Jhar (turban) symbol

229. Under the Peshwas – Aurangnagar (Mulher) Mint (by Style), Silver Rupee, AH 1205, In the Name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend
“Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Alam II”, with visible Hijri year AH 1205, Rev: Persian legend “sana Julus, Zarb Aurangnagar”, mint
name off flan at bottom, a Jhar (turban) symbol is incorporated into the initial Persian letter “Seen” of Julus, and a Lingam symbol is placed at
the top, 11.27g, 20.00mm, (M&W # T6a) no test marks, shroff marks on edge, sharp strike, AU-UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000
Note: One of the last issues from the Mulher mint under the Maratha Empire.

230. Saharanpur Dar-us-Surur Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1207 /34 RY, “Saya-e-fazle Elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian
legend “Sikka zad bar haft Kishwar Saya-e-fazle Elah, Hami dine Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah” with 1207 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend
“sana 34 julus” & “zarb Saharanpur” with the epithet “Dar-us-Surur” completely visible at the top, (KM # 308 /M&W # T1a), partial dotted
border on both sides, superb toning, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Fewer than five examples known.

231. Kora Mint, Gold Mohur, AH 117X/Ahad RY, “Saye-e-fazle-elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad
bar haft kishwar sayaye fazle elah, hami-e-dine Muhammad, Shah Alam Badshah”, trident & sword mint mark, Rev: Persian legend “sana
ahad julus” & “zarb Kora” at the bottom, 11.30g, 20.64mm, (Unlisted in Major References), small test mark on the edge, choice extremely fine,
Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 6,00,000-7,00,000

Note: Gold Mohurs from the Kora mint of the Maratha Confederacy bearing the name of Shah Alam II were previously unknown, though a sim-
ilar type is recorded in silver rupees. This represents a significant rarity in Maratha coinage.

Bhonslas of Nagpur

232. Katak Mint, Silver Rupee, 22 RY, “Saya-e-Fazle Elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad bar haft
kishwar saya-e-fazle elah, Hami din-e Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 22 julus” & “zarb Katak” at the bottom,
11.50g, 25.44mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-50,000

Note: Similar rupees are recorded by P. P. Kulkarni (Coinage of the Bhonsla Rajas of Nagpur, p. 135, Type 19). The calligraphy closely resembles
that of the East India Company’s Murshidabad and Calcutta issues, suggesting stylistic influence or shared engravers. Kulkarni notes that during
RY 22, the date seen on this very coin, Cuttack (Katak) remained firmly under Bhonsla authority. An extremely important coin.

59
Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Mysore Kingdom - Tipu Sultan

Mysore Kingdom - Tipu Sultan

233. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Farrukhi (Feroke) Mint, Copper Paisa (Zohra), AM 1216, Obv: an elephant facing to left,
above AM year 1216 in a dotted circle, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Farrukhi”, 11.23g, 20.21mm, (Unlisted in KM), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

234. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Patan Mint, Gold Fanam, AM 1216, Obv: Persian letter ‘Ha’ in a dotted circle, Rev: Persian
legend “zarb Patan” & Mauladi year 1216, 0.34g, 7.64mm, (KM # 128.1), UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

235. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Patan Mint, Gold Fanam, Broad Flan, AM 1217, Obv: Persian letter ‘Ha’ in a dotted circle,
Rev: Persian legend “zarb Patan” & Mauladi year 1217, 0.34g, 7.64mm, (KM # 128.1), Gem UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

236. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Patan Mint, Gold Fanam, Broad Flan, AM 1218, Obv: Persian letter ‘Ha’ in a dotted circle,
Rev: Persian legend “zarb Patan” & Mauladi year 1218, 0.34g, 7.64mm, (KM # 128.1), Gem UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

237. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Patan Mint, Gold Fanam, AM 1219, Obv: Persian letter ‘Ha’ in a dotted circle, Rev: Persian
legend “zarb Patan” & Mauladi year 1219, 0.34g, 7.64mm, (KM # 128.1), UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

238. Tipu Sultan (AH 1197-1213 /1782-1799 AD), Patan Mint, Gold Fanam, AM 1222, Obv: Persian letter ‘Ha’ in a dotted circle, Rev: Persian
legend “zarb Patan” & Mauladi year 1222, 0.34g, 7.64mm, (KM # 128.1), UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

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Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Rohilkhand Kingdom, Sikh Empire

Rohilkhand Kingdom

239. Ghausgarh Mint, ‘Pseudo’ mint name Najibabad, Silver Rupee, AH (119)8 /25 RY, “Saya-e-fazle elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam
II, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya-e-fazle elah, hami deen-e-Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah”, Rev: Persian legend
“sana 25 julus” & “zarb Najibabad” at the top, & katar mint marks at the bottom, (Date & mintmark for the type unlisted in KM), nice toning,
superb luster, sharp strike, graded by NGC as MS 64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Note: The seat of the Rohillas, Najibabad, was lost to Awadh in 1774. Thereafter, Najib Khan’s family relocated to Ghausgarh, a fortress built
by Najib Khan in 1765. Coins dated 1188/16 Ry are known with the mintmark fish for Awadh positioned to the right of the Ry. A parallel series
of coins from the Najibabad mint bears the Katar mintmark of the Rohillas, likely struck at their fort in Ghausgarh. NGC has incorrectly listed
Awadh on the slab.
Sikh Empire

Fish and Ber symbol

240. Ranjit Singh (VS 1856-1896 /1799-1839 AD), Sri Amritsar Mint, Silver Rupee, ‘Ber Shahi’, VS 1862 (1805 AD), Oval shape, ‘Nanak
Shahi’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar har do alam fazal-e-sachha sahib ast, fateh tegh-i-guru Gobind Singh Shah Nanak wahab
ast’ (The coin struck through each of the two worlds by the grace of the true Lord. Of the victory gained by the sword of Guru Gobind Singh Shah
Nanak is the provider), with Fish symbol, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Sri Amritsar jiyo, maimanat manus, takht Akal bakht” (Struck at Illustrious
Amritsar under the prosperous rule of the fortunate Akal Takht) with Ber symbol & vs 1862 at the top, 11.15g, 23.20mm, (Unlisted in KM /Saran
& Dalwinder # AM 237er), no test mark, shroff marks on edge, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 90,000-1,10,000

Note: Coins of this type are often referred to as Morashahi, owing to the reverse symbol’s resemblance to a peacock’s tail. However, they are
more accurately termed Bershahi, named for their similarity to a sprig of Ber (Zizyphus jujuba). This particular specimen is distinguished by two
additional leaves below the sprig. The series is known in two varieties , with and without the fish symbol; this coin bears the fish symbol. In
Vikram Samvat 1861, the earlier leaf motif was replaced by the sprig design, which was long mistaken for a peacock’s tail. This misinterpretation
gave rise to the “Morashahi” designation, thought to reference “Moran,” a courtesan. However, an article in the Journal of the Oriental Numismatic
Society. later clarified that the emblem represents a Ber sprig. Accordingly, the correct term “Ber Shahi” is now applied to coins of this type, which
likely entered circulation around VS 1862.

241. Duleep Singh (VS 1900-1906 /1843-1849AD), Lahore Dar-ul-Saltana Mint, Silver Rupee, VS 1885 Frozen date, VS 1902 Actual date, (1845
AD), ‘Nanakshahi’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar har do alam fazl-e-sachha sahib ast, fateh tegh-i-Guru Gobind Singh Shah
Nanak wahab ast” with VS 1902, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Lahore Dar-ul-Saltana”, vs date with leaf symbol, 11.06g, 24.47mm, (Unlisted in
KM /Saran & Dalwender # LH 33aa), no test mark, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

242. Lahore Dar-ul-Saltana Mint, Silver Rupee, VS 1871, ‘Nanak-shahi’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “sikka zad bar har do ‘alam fazl-e-sach-
ha sahib ast, fateh tegh-i-guru Gobind Singh Shah nanak wahab ast”, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Lahore” with epithet “Dar ul Saltana” at the
top, manus, sana with a leaf symbol & Vikram Samvat 1871, 11.13g, 22.47mm, (Saran & Dalwinder # LH23td), shroff marks on edge, about very
fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

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Coins of Independent Kingdoms of India > Sikh Empire> Coins of Indian Princely States >Awadh

Sikh Empire continued...

Flower in the Laam of Fazl

243. Multan Dar al-Aman Mint, Silver Rupee, VS 1899 (AD 1842), ‘Nanak-shahi’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Zad Bar Sim O Zar
Fazl Sachcha Sahib Ast, Fath-I-Gobind Singh-I-Shahan Tegh-I-Nanak Wahib Ast”, (Coin struck in silver and gold by the grace of the True Lord,
of the victory of Gobind, King of Kings, Nanak’s sword is the provider) Flower in the Laam of “Fazl”, Rev: Persian legend “Zarb Dar al-Aman
Multan, Samvat 1899 Julus Maimanat Manus” with letter A, (Struck at Multan, the abode of safety, in the Vikram Samvat Year Date, of the
Properous reign), 11.12g, 22.04mm, (Saran & Dalwinder # MT17RE), gash on edge, sharp strike, luster, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

Flower in the Laam of “Fazl” and Leaf with letter A

244. Multan Dar al-Aman Mint, Silver Rupee, VS 1905 (AD 1848), ‘Nanak-shahi’ Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Zad Bar Sim O Zar
Fazl Sachcha Sahib Ast, Fath-I-Gobind Singh-I-Shahan Tegh-I-Nanak Wahib Ast”, (Coin struck in silver and gold by the grace of the True Lord,
of the victory of Gobind, King of Kings, Nanak’s sword is the provider) Flower in the Laam of “Fazl”, Rev: Persian legend “Zarb Dar al-Aman
Multan, Samvat 1905 Julus Maimanat Manus” with letter A, (Struck at Multan, the abode of safety, in the Vikram Samvat Year Date, of the
Properous reign), 11.1g, 22.56mm, (Saran & Dalwinder # MT17XA), die crack, sharp strike, luster, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000
Note: The letter ‘A’ appears only on Multan rupees dated VS 1904 and 1905, marking the final two years of Sikh rule in Multan.

Coins of Indian Princely States

Awadh

245. Asaf-ud-Daula (AH 1188-1212 /1775-1797 AD) Bareli Qita Mint, Silver Rupee, 29 RY, ‘Saya-e-fazle elah’ Couplet, In the name of Shah
Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar haft kishwar saya-e fazle elah, hami din-e Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah”, Arabic additional
word ‘Sani (second)’ or ‘sayi’ in the ‘laam’ of fazl, Rev: Persian legend “sana 29 julus”, “zarb Bareli Qita” at the top & Persian initial letter
“Ain” with 29 ry, 10.88g, 22.98mm, (Unlisted type in KM / MK # 4.64), no test mark, gash on edge, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

246. Muhammad Ali (AH 1253-1258 /1837-1842 AD), Mulk Awadh Bait-us-Sultanat Lakhnau Mint, Silver Nazarana Like Rupee, AH 1256 /3
RY, “Bajud wa karm” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “bajud wa karm sikka zad dar jahan, Muhammad Ali badshah-e zaman”, Rev: Persian
legend “zarb Mulk Awadh bait-us-sultanat Lakhnau”, (KM # 316.2 /MK # 9.38), attractive toning, sharply struck, complete legend & almost
complete toothed border on both sides, graded & slabbed by PCGS as AU 55, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000
Note: PCGS incorrectly mentions Regnal Year as RY 4 on the slab; actual regnal year is RY 3, as correctly visible on the coin.

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Coins of Indian Princely States >Awadh, Bahawalpur

Awadh continued...

247. Amjad Ali Shah (AH 1258-1263 /1842-1847 AD), Mulk Awadh Bait-us-Sultanat Lakhnau Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1258 /Ahad RY, “Ba
tayeed-e-ilah” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “dar jahan zad sikka -e-Shahi ba taeed elah, zille haque Amjad Ali Shah-i-zaman Alam Panah”
with Hijri year 1258, Rev: Persian legend “zarb mulk Awadh Bait us Sultanat Lakhnau, sana Ahad julus maimanat manus” in the margin &
Parasol above crown & fish, flanked by curved swords, (KM # 336 /MK # 10.02), superb luster, sharply struck, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS
63, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

248. Wajid Ali Shah (AH 1263-1272 /1847-1856), Bait-us-Sultanat Lakhnau Mulk Awadh Akhtarnagar Mint, Silver ¼ Rupee, AH 1269 “Tayed-
e-Elah, Zille Haque” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar seem wa zar az fazl tayed-e-elah, zille Haque Wajid Ali Sultan-e- Alam
Badshah” with 1269 Hijri year, Rev: a parasol above a crown and crossed swords below, flanked by mermaids holding flags, Persian legend “zarb
Bait (us sultana Lakhnau Mulk Awadh Akhtarnagar)”, 2.78g, 15.44mm, (KM # 361.2), no test mark, superb luster, struck centrally in high relief,
AU-UNC, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

249. Wajid Ali Shah (AH 1263-1272 /1847-1856), Bait-us-Sultanat Lakhnau Mulk Awadh Akhtarnagar Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1269 /6 RY,
“Tayed-e-Elah, Zille Haque” Couplet, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar seem wa zar az fazl tayed-e-elah, zille Haque Wajid Ali Sultan-e-
Alam Badshah” with 1269 Hijri year, Rev: a parasol above a crown and crossed swords below, flanked by mermaids holding flags,
Persian legend “zarb Bait us sultana Lakhnau Mulk Awadh Akhtarnagar sana 6 julus maimant manus”, (KM # 365.3 /MK # 11.48), sharp &
centrally struck, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

Bahawalpur

250. Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V (AH 1325-1365 /1907-1947 AD), Gold Ashrafi, AH 1343 (1925 AD), Obv: Persian legend “Ba fazl-
e-Ta‘ala Sadiq Muhammad Abbasi Khamis Farmanrawa-yi Mamlakat-e-Khudadad Bahawalpur” surrounding the bust of Nawab Sir Sadiq
Muhammad Khan V facing left, Rev: Persian legend “Zarb Bahawalpur” at the top, “Ek Ashrafi” and Hijri date “1343” at the bottom; arms of
Bahawalpur State in the center, 7.63g, 22.27mm, (KM # X # M11), nice luster, sharp strikes, almost uncirculated, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,00,000-2,25,000

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Coins of Indian Princely States >Bhopal, Bikaner, Bundi, CIS-Jind

Bhopal

Fly-Whisk (Chauri) and a Long Javelin

251. Hayat Muhammad Khan (1777-1808 AD) as Nawab with Wazir Muhammad Khan as regent (1766-1816 AD), Shuja’alpur Mint, Silver
Rupee, “Saya-e-fazle elah” Couplet, AH 1219/48 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad bar haft kishwar Saya-e-
fazle Elah, Hami dine- Muhammad, Shah Alam Badshah” with Hijri year 1219, Rev: Persian legend “sana 48 julus” and “zarb Shuja’alpur”,
accompanied by mint symbols: a fly-whisk (chauri) and a long Javelin,11.20g, 20.97mm (Refere ONS Article no # 195 for Shuja’alpur), no test
marks, shroff marks on edge, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-55,000

Note: This coin was struck during Bhopal’s brief military occupation of Shuja’alpur, a town approximately 60-90 km from Bhopal. Originally
under Sindhia control, the town temporarily fell into Bhopal’s hands during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, due to the opportunistic campaigns
led by Wazir Muhammad Khan. In 1808, it was captured by Pindari leader Karim Khan acting for Daulat Rao Sindhia, and subsequently confirmed
to the Sindhias after the Third Anglo-Maratha (Pindari) War.

Silver rupees from this short-lived Bhopal occupation are extremely rare, with fewer known specimens. The presence of the fly-whisk and Javelin
mint symbols distinctly affirms Bhopal’s authority and political symbolism during this turbulent period.

Bikaner

252. Ganga Singh (VS 1944-1999 /1887-1942 AD), Gold ½ Nazarana Mohur, VS 1994 (1937 AD),“50th Anniversary Reign”, Obv: portrait of
Maharaja Ganga Singh, encircled by Nagari legend “Maharaja Dhiraja Sri Ganga Singhji Bahadur”, Rev: Nagari legend “Raja Sri” at the top
& “Bikanir” at the bottom with royal symbols of the state around, “1/2 mohur Ganga Shahi” & VS date 1994 within inner circle,
4.40g, 19.10mm, (KM # X M2), ex-mount, otherwise about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 75,000-95,000
Bundi

253. Ram Singh (AH 1236-1306/VS 1878-1946/1824-1889 AD), Silver Rupee, AD 1925/VS 1915 (sic), with the name of Emperor
George V, Obv: features the English legend “EMPEROR GEORGE V” surrounding the central date AD 1925, Rev: Nagari legend “Bundi, Ram
Singh” with the Vikram Samvat date 1915, 10.56g, 19.12mm, (KM # Y20), gash on edge, sharp & centrally struck, almost full legends visible,
AU, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

254. Silver Rupee, Flip-over double strike, the obverse and reverse both featuring the English legend “EMPEROR GEORGE V” surrounding
the central Katar also includes the Nagari legend “Bundi, Ram Singh on reverse.” with date, 10.71g, 20.32mm, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

CIS-Jind

255. Ranbir Singh (1887-1948), Silver Nazarana Rupee, VS 1943-1993 (1937), “Qadir-e-Bechun” Couplet, In the name of Ahmad Shah
Durrani (AH 1160-1186 /1747-1772 AD), Obv: Persian legend “Hukm shud az Qadir-e-Bechun ba Ahmad Badshah, Sikka-e-zan bar seem-o-
zar az auj mahi ta bamah”, Rev: Persian legend “Golden Jubilee sarkar Jind, Samvat julus 1943 Samvat 1993”, 11.70g, 30.80mm, (KM X #
M1), superb quality, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 80,000-1,00,000
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Coins of Indian Princely States > CIS-Patiala, Datia, Dungarpur

CIS-Patiala

256. Rajindar Singh (1876-1900 AD), Sahrind Mint, Silver Rupee, “Qadir-e-Bechun” Couplet, In the name of Ahmad Shah Durrani, Obv:
Persian legend “Hukm shud az qadir-e-bechun ba Ahmad Badshah, sikka-e-zan bar seem-o-zar az auj mahi ta bamah”, Rev: a symbol of swad
in ‘seen’ of julus, with a complete figure of Katar(Dagger) mark & “zarb Sahrind” at the bottom, (KM # Y6), graded & slabbed by NGC as MS
63, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

257. Rajindar Singh (VS 1933–1957 / AD 1876–1900) Sarhind Mint (off flan), Silver Nazarana Rupee,VS (19)44 / AD 1887, Obv: Persian
Gobindshahi couplet: “Deg Tegh Fateh Nusrat bedirang / Yaft az Nanak Guru Gobind Singh” (“Victory through kettle and sword, and swift
protection , granted by Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh”), Rev: Persian legend citing regnal formula, with Persian letter ‘Seen’ of ‘Julus’
containing a ‘Swad’ symbol, and a Katar (dagger) symbol to the left of ‘Seen’, The Vikram Samvat date (19)44 is clearly visible, while the mint
name “zarb Sarhind” is partially off flan, 10.96g, 22.70mm, (Unlisted in KM /Saran & Dawinder # PT 31a, date unlisted), no test mark, shroff
marks on edge, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,25,000-2,50,000

Note: This coin represents a highly important and previously undocumented variety of the Patiala Gobindshahi rupee. While Gobindshahi cou-
plets are known from earlier (Narindar Singh) and later (Bhupindar Singh) rulers, no such coin has been recorded for Rajindar Singh in major
references. This specimen, however, clearly bears the Gobindshahi legend and is dated VS (19)44, a date that is unlisted in the Saran & Dalwinder
catalog (PT 31a). Additionally, the presence of distinctive symbols, namely the ‘Swad’ mark within the ‘Seen’ of Julus and the Katar to its left,
further sets this piece apart from other known coins. Though a few coins of similar type are known, this example differs particularly from them and
may well be unique in this form.

Datia

258. Govind Singh (1907-1948 AD), Gold Nazarana ½ Mohur, Medallic Coinage, Obv: portrait bust of Govind Singh right, Rev: coat-of-arms
of Datia state, 4.28g, 20.60mm, (KM # X1), nice gold toning and luster as usual weakly struck, otherwise about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Note: This is a softly struck specimen, typical of the minting style of this series. Interestingly, other half-mohur issues from Datia also display
similar weak striking.

Dungarpur

259. Lakshman Singh, (VS 1975-2005 /1918-1948 AD), Copper Square Paisa, VS 2001 (1944), Obv: Coat of arms of the state, Rev: Nagari
legend “रााज्यडूंं�गरपुुर” (Rajya Dungarpur) with denomination below; two horizontal bars above the letter ‘प’ in “पैैसाा”(Paisa); date “VS 2001”
at the bottom, 2.09g, 19.41 x 19.43mm, (KM # 7), nice strike, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Note: KM lists two distinct varieties of the copper square Paisa issued under Lakshman Singh. This specimen corresponds to KM #7, identified
by the presence of two horizontal bars (Hindi matra) above the letter ‘प’ in “पैसा”. The alternate variety, KM # 8, bears only a single bar,
resulting in the reading “पेसा”.

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Coins of Indian Princely States > Gwalior

Gwalior

260. Bhilsa (Alamgirpur) Mint, Copper Paisa, Anonymous Issue, Counter marked ‘Horse’ Type, Obv: Single punch depicting a horse standing
in front of the Rajdanda (royal staff) within a circular border, Rev: Uniface, 13.75g, 20.80mm, (Unlisted in KM), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

261. Bhilsa (Alamgirpur) Mint, Copper Paisa, Counter-marked Coinage, ‘Fish’ type, Obv: counter-marked with a Fish & Nagari legend within a
circle, Rev: Uniface, 14.68g, 19.00mm, (Unlisted), nice dark patina, choice extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

262. Bhilsa (Alamgirpur) Mint, Copper Paisa, Counter-marked Coinage, ‘Mace’ type, Obv: counter-marked with a Mace & Nagari legend within
a circle, Rev: Uniface, 14.14g, 21.30mm, Unlisted, centrally struck, about extremely fine.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

263. Jankoji Rao (AH 1243-1259 /1827-1843 AD), Lashkar Mint, Silver ¼ Rupee, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka
Mubarak Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend “sana julus”, Nagari “Ja” for Jankoji With Trident, Bow & Arrow pointed up & Persian initial
letter ‘Ain’ mint mark, 2.64g, 13.30mm (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, centrally struck, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-35,000

Note: This specimen features symbols of a Trident and Bow & Arrow pointed upward, along with the Persian initial letter ‘Ain’ as the mint mark,
a previously unlisted variety in KM.

264. Jayaji Rao (AH 1259-1304 /1843-1886 AD), Gwalior Fort Mint (Off flan), Silver Rupee, In the name of Muhammad Akbar II, Obv:
Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Saheb-e-qiran Sani Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Gwalior Fort” off flan at
the bottom, Nagari “Ji” for Jayaji, Bow & arrow pointed down, (KM # 82), superb luster and struck in high relief, graded & slabbed by NGC as
MS 64.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

265. Madho Rao (VS 1943-1982/1886-1925 AD), Probably Bhilsa Mint, Copper Paisa, 32 RY, ‘Chhatra’ type, In the name of Shah Alam II,
Obv: Persian legend “Badshah Ghazi” with Chhatra (umbrella) symbol above, Rev: Retrograde Persian legend “Julus 32” (Regnal Year 32),
with trident (Trishul) and spear symbols, 14.86g, 23.35mm, (Unlisted type in KM), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Note: This coin was most likely struck at Bhilsa or another mint within the Sindhia dominions in Central India. It belongs to a distinctive series of
Kachcha Paisa issues attributed to the reign of Madho Rao, characterized by changing obverse symbols for each regnal year, believed to serve as
date-codes. The presence of the chhatra (umbrella) motif is especially notable, as it symbolizes royal authority and is emblematic of the Sindhia
dynasty’s iconography.

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Coins of Indian Princely States > Gwalior, Hyderabad

Gwalior continued...

266. Madho Rao Scindia (VS 1943–1982 / 1886–1925 AD), Gold One-Third Mohur (⅓ Mohur), VS 1959 (1902 AD), Obv: Bust of Madho
Rao facing right, surrounded by the Nagari inscription “श्रीी मााधोो रााव महाारााज शिं�ंदेे” (Sri Madho Rao Maharaj Shinde) within a toothed border,
Rev: Nagari legend “रि�याासत ग्वाालि�यर” (Riyasat Gwalior) with the date “१९५९” (Vikram Samvat 1959) below, accompanied by the coat of
arms of Gwalior, within a toothed border, 3.45g, 16.70mm, (KM # 175/Friedberg 1129), traces of underlying luster, sharp strike, luster, AU-UNC,
Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 5,00,000-7,00,000

Note: This one-third mohur coin was minted in 1902 AD during the reign of Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia. These presentation coins, struck
in gold, feature the ruler’s portrait on the obverse, with his name inscribed in Nagari script. The reverse bears the royal emblem of Gwalior along
with the date corresponding to VS 1959 (1902 AD). Minted in very limited numbers, these coins are considered rare and significant specimens in
the study of Gwalior’s numismatic history.

Hyderabad

267. Salabat Jung (AH 1164-1175 /1752-1762 AD), Khujista Buniyad (Aurangabad), Silver ½ Rupee, AH 1172, In the name of Alamgir II,
Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Alamgir” with 1172 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana Julus” & “zarb Khujista
Bunyad” at the bottom, 5.62g, 18.62mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, crack on obverse, about very fine. Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

268. Wanparti, Bahiri Rajas, Sugoor Mint, AH 1235 14 RY, Silver Rupee, In the name of Muhammad Akbar II (AH 1221-1253 /1806-1837
AD), Obv: Persian legend “Sikka mubarak Badshah Ghazi Muhammad Akbar Shah” with 1235 Hijri year & Nagari letter ‘Ja’, Rev: Persian
legend “sana 14 julus” & “zarb Sugoor” at the bottom in crude style, 10.92g, 18.04mm, (KM # C80), no test mark, about extremely fine, Ex-
tremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

Note: Wanaparthy was one of the three prominent Samsthanams (feudatory estates) under the suzerainty of the Nizam of Hyderabad, the others
being Gadwal and Jatprole. The Wanaparthy Rajas issued their own coinage in the name of the Mughal emperor, a symbolic assertion of legitimacy
while remaining loyal vassals of the Nizam. The mint-name ‘Sugoor’ or ‘Sagoor’ refers to the town where the mint of the Wanaparthy Rajas was
located.
For further information, see M. Amjad Ali’s article, “Chalni Coins of Hyderabad,” Numismatic Digest.

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Coins of Indian Princely States > Hyderabad

Hyderabad continued...

269. Nawabs of Kalyani, Muhammad Shah Khair-ud-din, Kalyan (Kalyani) Mint, Silver Rupee, Tiger Type, Obv:
Arabic legend bearing the Kalima Shahada within a double multi-foil border, Rev: A stylized tiger facing right; above is the mint name “Zarb
Kalyan” in Persian, with the Persian letter “Kha” representing Khair-ud-din, 11.13g, 21.44mm, (KM # 6), no test mark, cut mark on the edge,
nice patina, centrally struck, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Note: One of the finest known Tiger Rupees of Kalyani, sharply struck and perfectly centered , a true masterpiece for Hyderabad coin collectors.

270. Salabat Jung (AH 1164-1175 /1752-1762 AD), Koilkonda Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1166, “Ba-fazle Elah” Couplet, In the name of Ahmad
Shah Bahadur, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka zad dar jahan ba fazle elah, Shah Alam panah Ahmad Shah” with Hijri year 1166, Rev: Persian
legend “sana julus” & “zarb Koilkonda” completely visible at the bottom, 11.30g, 22.07mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test mark, counter-stamped
mark, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 75,000-1,00,000

Note: These extremely rare coins are the only known examples of the Koilkonda Rupee issued in the name of Ahmad Shah Bahadur. During the
turbulent 1750s, the Nizam of Hyderabad’s dynasty faced intense internal conflict among the sons of Asaf Jah I. With the first two heirs killed in
rapid succession and the third reduced to a puppet under Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, political instability engulfed the Deccan.
Amid this chaos, several local rulers and feudatories asserted their autonomy by striking coins in their own names. It was during this period
that a number of minor and short-lived mints emerged, including Koilkonda, Amarchinta, Arki, Charikonda, Gurmatkal, Medak, Maktal,
Musheerabad, Tahniyatnagar, and Jatprole, alongside the better-known Qamarnagar and Dilshadabad.
The Koilkonda issue represents one of the rarest coinages from this era of fragmented authority in the Deccan , a fascinating relic of regional
assertion during the decline of Mughal power. Many mints and their issues from this period remain unpublished and undocumented, adding to
the importance and rarity of this remarkable specimen.

Maktal

271. Maktal (Makhtal) Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1169, Both obverse and reverse display clear and fully legible Hijri dates, “Sani Saheb-e-
Qiran” Couplet, In the name of Alamgir II, Obv: Persian “Sikka zad dar jahan chu mihr munir, sani sahib-e qiran Badshah Alamgir” (“A coin
was struck in the world like the radiant sun, the second Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction, King Alamgir”), with 1169 Hijri year, Rev: Persian
legend “sana julus with 116x Hijri””zarb Matkal” visible at the bottom, 11.20g, 21.44mm, (Unpublished/Unrecorded for the type), shroff and
counter-mark, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

Note: This unpublished silver rupee from the Maktal (Makhtal) Mint represents one of the most elusive coinages of the mid-18th century
Deccan. Located in present-day Narayanpet district, Maktal was likely governed by a local ruler , a feudatory under the Nizams of Hyderabad.
The coin belongs to the turbulent era following the death of Asaf Jah I in 1748, when Hyderabad was torn by a succession crisis.

As the central authority weakened, regional chieftains and feudatories asserted independence by striking coins in their own names. It was during
this period that a number of short-lived and obscure mints emerged , including Maktal, Medak, Amarchinta, Charikonda, Gurmatkal,
Musheerabad, Tahniyatnagar, Jatprole, and others. Most of these remain unpublished, with only a few surviving specimens known today.
This coin is distinguished by its use of the rare “Sani Sahib-e-Qiran” couplet, a poetic phrase that invokes the imperial lineage of Aurangzeb,
namesake and ancestor of Alamgir II. This couplet is recorded from only a handful of mints , notably Dilshadabad, Medak, and Maktal , making
this specimen not only a remarkable numismatic discovery but also an important testament to the fragmented yet vibrant political landscape of
the 18th-century Deccan.

This coin is distinguished by its use of the rare “Sani Sahib-e-Qiran” couplet, a poetic phrase that invokes the imperial lineage of Aurangzeb,
namesake and ancestor of Alamgir II. This couplet is recorded from only a handful of mints , notably Dilshadabad, Medak, and Maktal , making
this specimen not only a remarkable numismatic discovery but also an important testament to the fragmented yet vibrant political landscape of
the 18th-century Deccan.

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Coins of Indian Princely States > Hyderabad

Hyderabad continued...

Medak
272. Medak Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 116X, “Sani Saheb-e-Qiran” Couplet, In the name of Alamgir II (AH 1167–1173 / AD 1754–1759), Obv:
Persian legend “Sikka zad dar Jahan chu mihr munir / thani sahib qiran badshah Alamgir”(“A coin was struck in the world like the radiant
sun / The second Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction, King Alamgir”) with 116x Hijri year, Rev:Persian legend “sana julus” & “zarb Medak”
at the bottom, 10.79g, 19.88mm, (Unlisted in KM), shroff marks with counter-mark, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000

Note: This silver rupee coin belongs to the historically significant “Chalnee” series , local rupees struck under the nominal authority of the
Nizams of Hyderabad. The Medak Mint, though minor, held considerable regional importance as a Hindu Samsthana (vassal state) governed
by a Zamindar Raja.

During the mid-18th century, Raja Sadasiva Reddy, the ruler of Medak, leased control of the town to the French General Monsieur Raymond,
a prominent figure in the Deccan who played a crucial role in the Hyderabad succession crisis following the death of Asaf Jah I in 1749. Under
Raymond’s administration , which lasted until his death in 1798, coins like this rupee were struck in the name of Mughal Emperor Alamgir II,
symbolizing both loyalty to the Mughal throne and the semi-autonomous power exercised by local and foreign forces in the Deccan. A rare
survivor from a transitional era of hybrid Indo-European governance, this coin reflects the political, military, and monetary complexity of
the late Mughal Deccan , a period when French influence briefly intertwined with Hyderabad’s feudal structure.

Imamnagar

273. Imamnagar, Nizam Ali Khan (AH 1175-1218 /1761-1803 AD), Silver Rupee, AH 1191 /18 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian
legend “Sikka mubarak badshah Ghazi Shah Alam” with 1191 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “sana 18 julus” & “zarb Imamnagar” almost
completely visible at the bottom, 11.01g, 22.00mm, (Ref: JONS Article No. 210, Dr. Shailendra Bhandare), test marks, about extremely fine, Ex-
tremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000
Note: The exact location of the mint Imamnagar is still unknown, but the coins attributed to it closely resemble those issued from the Khujista
Bunyad (Aurangabad) mint under the Nizams of Hyderabad, both in style and execution. This strong similarity suggests that Imamnagarwas likely
situated within the Marathwada region of present-day Maharashtra. Possible locations include Beed, Jalna, and Zafarabad (Tembhurni), all
of which were within the historical influence of the Hyderabad State. Based on current evidence, it is most likely that the Imamnagar issues were
struck under the authority of the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Musheerabad Pam Symbol (panja)

274. Musheerabad (Mushirabad) Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1217, In the name of Shah Alam II, Struck likely between 1797–1804, under the pa-
tronage of Musheer ul-Mulk, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi”, Rev: Persian legend “sana julus” & “zarb Mushirabad”,
letter ‘mīm’ placed across the ‘b’ of ‘zarb’, likely the initial of Musheer, Palm of a hand symbol (Shi‘a emblem) within the ‘s’ of ‘julus’, 11.06g,
18.14mm, (Ref JONS Article no 210 by Shailendra Bhandare), no test marks, toning, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000

Note: The Mushirabad mint, referenced on this rupee, is named after Musheer ul-Mulk (Ghulam Sayyad Husain Khan), the influential Prime Min-
ister of the Hyderabad State under Nizam Ali Khan (Asaf Jah II) from 1776 to 1804. A Shi ‘a Muslim of Persian descent, Musheer ul-Mulk built a
palace and gardens at Mushirabad in 1785, on land granted as part of his Jagir.
He held great political power, forming crucial alliances with both the British and the Marathas, and played a key role in the 3rdAnglo-Mysore War
(1789–1792). In 1795, he was disgraced after offending the Marathas and was held captive in Pune until 1797. Upon his return, he resumed full
authority in Hyderabad and remained in power until his death in 1804.
The AH 1217coin date corresponds to 1802 CE, falling within the final, most influential phase of his rule. Given this timeline, the coin was likely
struck between 1797 and 1804, during which Musheer ul-Mulk exercised significant autonomy.
Although the coin bears the mint name Mushirabad, it is likely that the actual minting took place in Surur Nagar (“City of Happiness”) , a
pleasure palace and garden complex established by Musheer ul-Mulk within his Jagir. Founded in 1785, Surur Nagar formed part of the Mushi-
rabad estate and served as a center of administrative and personal influence for Musheer ul-Mulk. Given the symbolic features on the coin and his
dominant role in Hyderabad’s governance during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it is plausible that the mint was situated within this estate,
operating under the broader jurisdiction of Mushirabad.
It is therefore plausible that the mint producing this coin was physically located in Surur Nagar, but operated under the jurisdiction of Mushi-
rabad.

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Coins of Indian Princely States >Hyderabad

Hyderabad continued...

Tahniyatnagar
275. Tahniyatnagar Mint, Silver Rupee, 4 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Alam”,
Rev: Persian legend “sana 4 Julus” with “Zarb Tahniyatnagar” in the exergue, 11.13g, 17.58mm, (Ref: JONS Article No. 210, Dr. Shailendra
Bhandare), interesting counter-marks, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000

Note: This rare silver rupee was struck at the now-defunct Tahniyatnagar Mint, active during the late 18th century as a Hyderabad feudatory issue
under the Nizam’s authority, bearing the name of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The mint name “Tahniyatnagar” is clearly visible on the reverse
and features distinctive orthographic traits that confirm its attribution, correcting earlier erroneous references to the fictitious “Bihishtnagar.”
Tahniyatnagar was established as a suburban enclave of Hyderabad under the patronage of Tahniyat-un-nisa Begum, consort of Asaf Jah II and
mother of Asaf Jah III (Sikandar Jah). It was also known locally as Bibinagar. The modern locality corresponding to Tahniyatnagar is Lalaguda,
whose name derives from “Lala,” an architect responsible for significant construction in the area, combined with the Telugu suffix -guda, meaning
‘settlement’ or ‘township.’

276. Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II (AH 1175-1218 /1761-1803 AD), Khujista Bunyad (Aurangabad) Mint (Off flan), Silver ½ Rupee, In the name
of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah (Ghazi Shah Alam)”, Rev: Persian legend “sana 1x julus”, “zarb Khujista
Bunyad” off flan at the bottom & long sword symbol, 5.43g, 17.73mm, (Unlisted in KM), no test marks, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

277. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367 /1911-1948 AD), Silver 8 Annas, AH 1363, Reverse Lakhi or Brockage, Persian legend “Nizam-ul-
mulk Asif Jah Bahadur”, ‘Ain’ in doorway of Charminar, graded & slabbed by NGC as Mint Error XF40, Reverse Brockage, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,75,000-2,00,000

278. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367 /1911-1948 AD), Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad Mint, Silver Rupee, Full ‘Ain’ Type, AH 1337/8
RY, Obv: ‘Ain’ in the doorway of Charminar at the centre, “Nizam-ul mulk Bahadur Asif Jah” around, Rev: Persian legend “sana 8 julus” &
“zarb Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad”, (KM # Y53a), superb lustre, sharply struck, graded & slabbed by PCGS as MS65, Rare Date.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

279. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367/1911-1948 AD), Haiderabad Farkhanda Bunyad Mint, Silver Rupee, AH 1343/14 RY, Obv: Per-
sian legend “Nizam ul mulk Bahadur Asif Jah” with Hijri year 1343, Rev: Persian legend “sana 14 julus” & “zarb Haidarabad Farkhanda
Bunyad”, (KM # Y53a), sharply struck with immaculate surfaces, exhibiting a full cartwheel mint luster and exceptional eye appeal, graded &
slabbed by NGC as MS66, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

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52
Coins of Indian Princely States > Hyderabad, Indore

Hyderabad continued...

280. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367/1911-1948 AD), Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad Mint, Gold 1/8 Ashrafi, Full ‘Ain’ Type, AH
1367/38 RY, Obv: Stylized Arabic letter ‘Ain’ prominently placed within the doorway of the Charminar at center; circular legend around: “Ni-
zam-ul-Mulk Bahadur Asif Jah” in elegant calligraphy, Rev: Persian legend: “Sana 38 Julus” (Regnal Year 38) and “Zarb Farkhanda Bunyad
Haidarabad”, (Struck at the Auspicious Foundation Hyderabad), (Unlisted date & combination, Variant of KM # Y54.2), superb luster, graded
& slabbed by NGC as UNC Details obv Straches, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

Note: This coin features an unlisted date & combination in the KM catalog. It displays rich golden surfaces with a well-executed strike.

281. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367 /1911-1948 AD), Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad Mint, Gold 1/8 Ashrafi, Full ‘Ain’ Type, AH 1343
/14 RY, Obv: Persian legend Initial letter ‘Ain’ in the doorway of Charminar at the center, date at bottom & “Nizam-ul mulk Bahadur Asif Jah”
around, Rev: Persian legend “Sana 14 julus” & “zarb Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad”, 1.41g, 10.95mm, (KM # Y 54.2), superb toning, AUNC,
Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 45,000-55,000

282. Mir Usman Ali Khan (AH 1329-1367 /1911-1948 AD), Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad Mint, Gold ¼ Ashrafi, Full ‘Ain’ Type, AH 1343
/14 RY, Obv: ‘Ain’ in the doorway of Charminar at the centre, “Nizam-ul mulk Bahadur Asif Jah” around, Rev: Persian legend “sana 14 julus”
& “zarb Farkhanda Bunyad Haidarabad”, 2.90g, 15.70mm, (Variant of KM # Y55, Unlisted date combination for the type), original luster, su-
perb original lustre, sharply struck, graded & slabbed by PCGS as MS65, Rare.
Estimated Price: 80,000-1,00,000

Note: This coin features an unlisted date combination for the type in the KM catalog. It displays rich golden surfaces with a well-executed strike
and fields free of any notable marks.

Indore

283. Maheshwar Mint (off flan), Silver 1/4 Rupee, 33 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka mubarak Badshah Ghazi”,
Rev: Persian legend “sana 33 julus” with Bhilva leaf & lingam symbol, 2.83g, 14.17mm, (KM # 56.2), sharp strike, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

284. Jaswant Rao Holkar (SE 1719-1734 /1798-1811 AD), Silver Nazarana Rupee, SE 1728 (1806 AD), Obv: Sanskrit legend in six lines: “Shri
Lakṣmikanta padambhoja bhramarayita chetasa Yeshvantasya vikhyata mudra pr̥thivitale”(This coin of Yashwant, whose mind is like a bee at the
lotus feet of Lord Vishnu, is renowned across the Earth), Rev. Sanskrit legend in six lines:”Shri Indraprastha sthito raja cakravarti bhumaṇḍale
tatprasadat kṛta mudra loke’smin vaivirajate”(This coin, issued by the grace of the Universal Emperor residing in Indraprastha (Delhi), shines
forth across the world.) 11.13g, 25.18mm, (KM # 6), centrally struck, about very fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,10,000-1,30,000

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Coins of Indian Princely States >Indore, Jaipur, Jhalawar

Indore continued...

285. Jaswant Rao (AH 1213-1226 /1798-1811 AD), Silver Nazarana Rupee, AH 1222 /2 RY, In the name of Muhammad Akbar II, Obv: Per-
sian legend “zad sikka Mubarak az ard ta bakhtar, sahib-e-qiran sani Sultan Muhammad Akbar” with 1222 Hijri year within a dotted border,
Rev: Persian legend “Maharaja Jaswant Rao Bahadur Holkar, Amanat az saheb-e-Khilafat shud rafie”, “zarb Indore” & 2 regnal year, 14.70g,
32.00mm, (KM # 8), no test mark, superb quality, struck in high relief, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

286. Tukoji Rao II (VS 1891-1943 /SE 1766-1808 /1844-1886 AD), Silver Presentation Mudra, Saka 1788 (VS 1923 or 1866 AD), Obv: Radiant
sunburst at center, encircled by Devanagari legend:“Shri Samba Mallaryahalya Prasadeta Sake 1788”, Rev: Devanagari legend “Holkara Shri
Tukojidrasya Jayati” around central Mudra inscription within a laurel wreath, (KM # 18), graded & slabbed by PCGS as Altered surface-XF
Details, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-80,000

Jaipur

287. Sawai Jaipur Mint, Silver Nazarana Rupee, AH 1166 /6 RY, In the name of Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak
Badshah Ghazi Ahmad Shah Bahadur” with 1166 Hijri year, Rev: Persian legend “Sana 6 julus” & “zarb Sawai Jaipur” at the bottom, (KM #
9), nice quality, complete dotted border, very attractive, graded & slabbed by NGC as AU 58, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

288. Sawai Jaipur Mint, Gold Mohur, 27 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Alam”,
Rev: Persian legend “sana 27 julus” & “zarb Sawai Jaipur” at the bottom with Jhar mark, (Variant of KM # 55, RY unlisted for the type/ CPSJ #
71), struck in high relief, superb original luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Jhalawar

289. Zalim Singh (AH 1294-1314/1876-1896 AD), Jhalawar Mint, Silver Nazarana Rupee, VS 1915/21 RY, Frozen Vikram Samvat 1915, “New
Madan Shahi” Series, With the name of Victoria, Obv: Persian legend “Malika-e-muazzama Victoria Badshah-e-Inglistan”, Rev: Persian
legend “sana 21 julus” & “zarb Jhalawar” at the bottom, 11.20g, 28.30mm, (KM # Y6A), cut mark, scratches, about extremely fine, Extremely
Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

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Coins of Indian Princely States > Jodhpur, Kutch, Mysore, Partabgarh, > Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Cochin 52

Jodhpur

290. Umaid Singh (1918-1935 AD), Jodhpur Mint, Silver ½ Rupee, with the name of George V, Obv: Persian legend “qaisar-e-hindustan
George 5, & Nagari “Shri” with Jhar symbol, Rev: Persian legend “Maharaja Dhiraja Sawai Umaid Singh”, Nagari legend “Sri Mataji” at the
top, & sword symbol, 5.54 g, 19.20 mm, (KM # 125//Lingen # J.15.07), XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Kutch

291. Pragmalji II (VS 1917-1932 /1860-1875 AD), Bhujnagar Mint, Gold 50 Kori (½ Mohur), VS 1930 /1873 AD, with the name of Victoria
Queen, Obv: Persian legend “Malika-e-Mu‘azzama Queen Victoria”, “Zarb Bhujnagar”, and denomination “Kori 50, Mohur Neem”, with
the date 1873 AD within a circular border, Rev: Denomination and Vikram Samvat date in the centre; ruler’s name and title “Shri Pragmalji”
in Nagari script around, 9.36g, 24.30mm, (Rajgor # 184.15/KM # Y18), superb luster, sharp strike in relief, attractive, UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,75,000-2,25,000

Mysore

292. Dewan Purnaiya (Regent) (AH 1214-1225 /1799-1810 AD), Mahisur Mint, Silver ¼ Pavali (¼ Rupee), AH 1214, In the name of Krish-
naraja Wadiyar III, Obv: Charming depiction of Bal Krishna in a dancing posture, holding a butter ball in his hand, Rev: Persian legend in
three lines reads “Wadiyar julus sana 1214 Hijri, Kishanraj,” with “zarb Mahisur” (Struck at Mysore) at the bottom, 2.76g, 13.0mm, (KM # C
202), XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000
Partabgarh

293. Partabgarh, Silver Square Nazarana Rupee, AH 1236 /45 RY, with the name of “Shah-e-London”, Obv: Persian legend “sikka mubarak
Shah-e-London” with 1236 Hijri date, Rev: Persian legend “sana 45 julus” & mint name off flan at the bottom, 10.80g, 16.94 x 17.12mm, (KM
# 37), die flaw edge, XF-AUNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

Coins of European Enclaves in India

Indo Portuguese-Cochin

294. D.Sebastiao (1557-1578 AD), Copper 2 Bazaruco, Obv: Shield or ‘Escudo’ of Downward V-like inclined sides instead of usual vertical
U-like sides. Encircled by a dotted border, Rev: Type unlisted Multiple Arrowheads that appear like arrow fletchings and a incused strike revealing
a thick circular outer rim beyond the circular thick dotted border, 10.38g,19.47mm, (Type variant of Gomes pg 555 Se-20.01), about very fine,
Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-14,000

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Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Cochin, Damao

Indo Portuguese-Cochin continued...

295. D. Sebastiao (1557-1578 AD), Copper Bazaruco, Obv: Shield or ‘Escudo’ with unlisted variation in dotted pattern of ‘escudettes’ in the
centre, and in the crown ‘coroa’ above, elongated ‘pendunculos’ (stalks) and shorter arcs . (as in detail c), and variant lower compartment encircled
by dotted border, Rev: Unlisted variety of shorter and broader Arrowheads and and struck incused revealing a thick circular partly visible outer
rim beyond the circular dotted border, 5.33g, 14.09mm, (Gomes pg 545 Se- 19.01) about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Indo Portuguese-Damao

296. Damao, Silver Xerafim (300 Reis) of D. Pedro II (1683–1706) & 1748 Silver Rupia of D. Joao V (1706-1750), Plausibly, an unlisted mule
and unlisted date, Obv: A highly stylized, crowned heraldic shield (Escudo) of D. Pedro II above a wreath, in the “Laureado” type of graphic
compartmentation of the shield. The shield design resembles more with the1/2 Xerafim Gomes (pg. 571, 9.01)., Rev: Features a stylized Interlaced
cross (Cruz Entrelacada), with visible digits 1, 7, 4, and two 8 s arranged in the quadrants, suggesting a 1748 date. This is unusual, as Pedro II
died in 1706. The style and layout of this side, and the weight closely matches the Damao Rupias (600 Reis) of D. João V (1706–1750), lying in the
same date range, 1748 is also an unlisted date. The coin, being struck off-centre, makes details of the decorative radiating border more visible on
both sides 11.43g, 22.39mm, (Gomes pg. 582, J5-78.01 to 78.08), about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

297. Damao, D. Joao V (1706–1750 AD) Silver Xerafim (300 Reis), 1740 AD, Obv: Near Centrally Struck and fully visible Damao type Crowned
Heraldic Escudo or Shield of the Monarch D.Joao V, with central escudettes shaped like a flower, circular beaded border near completely visible,
Rev: “Centrally Struck “Cruz da Ordem De Christo”( 13 th century Cross of the order of Christ) . Date digits 1,7,4 and 0 distinct in the quad-
rants of the cross. Circular border with outward radiating segments near completely visible, 11.24g, 24.33mm, (Gomes # 86.01), toning, centrally
struck, choice quality, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

298. Damao, D. Maria II (1834-1853 AD), Copper ½ Tanga, (30 Reis), 1840 AD, Obv: Damao type Crowned Heraldic Shield or Escudo of the
Monarch, D.Maria II enveloped by Bowed, Foliated Wreath and Date Below, Rev: Denomination 30 (Reis) and R (Reis) on a plain field surrounded
by a Branched Foliated Wreath. Wide toothed border visible on both sides, 18.83g, 28.66mm, (KM # 265 /Gomes # 14.01), nice grade, beautiful
specimen, choice quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

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52
Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Diu, Goa

Indo Portuguese

I II

299. Diu, D. Joao V (1706–1750 AD) Lot of 2 Copper Atia (¼ Tanga) Error Coins, 1748 AD and “7184” instead of “1748.”Obv: Crowned
arms dividing the legend “DO” within a plain circle, Rev: Maltese cross dividing the date in the angles, enclosed within a circle, 8.83g, 8.93g,
20.32mm, 21.78mm (Gomes # J5 43.01 & 43.02), about extremely fine, Rare as a Pair.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Note: A pair of 1748 D. João V Atia error coins. One coin bears the correct date ‘1748,’ while the second shows a remarkable engraving error
,the digits are reversed and misplaced, reading ‘7184’ instead.
On this error coin, the ‘7’ is inverted and modified to appear upright, and the digits ‘1’ and ‘7’ are swapped in position within the quadrants,
with ‘48’ also reversed to ‘84.’

300. Diu, D. Joao VI (1816-1826 AD), Copper 15 Reis, Obv: Near centrally struck on a planchet smaller than the die. Stylized and Boldly
inscribed Armilary sphere of the Heraldic Shield of the Monarch D.Joao VI particular to Diu which bears no crown , with near fullly visible
Armillary sphere, Rev: numerical 15 reis, 9.00g, 20.60mm, (Gomes # 39.01), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

I II

301. Goa, D. Joao III (1521-1557 AD), Set of Two Coins, Unlisted Variety Copper ½ Bazaruco, struck diagonally on a squarish rounded
planchet, Obv: Crowned Royal monogram of D.Joao III featuring the stylized letter ‘Y’ ( Yoanes = Joanes) with a plain , prominent, flat double
lined Diadem of the crown above the letter flanked by a pair of Besantes or discs in the field Gomes pg 539 j3 - 4.01 type unlisted. Rev: Unlisted
‘Potentada’ (meaning powerful, influential or effective) type of cross inscribed in a thick linear circular outline within the squarish rounded plan-
chet, 4.15g, 19.02mm.
Copper Dinheiro struck on a rounded planchet, Obv: Crowned Royal monogram of D.Joao iii featuring a stylized and unlisted type fluted letter ‘Y’ with
a curved diadem above the letter and other embelishments of the crown above. dotted rosettes in the field are also faintly visible. Rev: Armilllary Sphere
(used for navigation and the then symbol of the new Age), 4.83g, 16.86mm, Gomes pg 539 no j3- 7.1 type unlisted, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

I II

302. Goa, D. Sebastiao I (1557-1578 AD), Pair of Goa Bazarucos of varying weights, Copper Bazaruco, Obv: Letter ‘S ‘ for D.Sebastiao of
varying fonts , flanked by stars or ‘Estrelas’, encircled by partly visible dotted border. More visible in the larger specimen, Rev: “Equilateral” or
“Greek” Cross with Stars or ‘Estrelas’ within its quadrants or corners called the ‘cantonada’ graphic compartmentation of the cross, encircled by
dotted border, 4.60g, 2.61g, 18.99mm, 13.58mm, (Gomes # 9.01), about very fine, Rare as a set.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

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Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Goa

Indo Portuguese-Goa continued...

II

303. Goa, D. Sebastião (1557–1578 AD), Lot of 2 Copper Bazaruco Coins, Obv: Dagger (symbol of the Order of Christ), Rev: Cross, 2.52g,
12.94 mm, (Gomes #3.01), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

304. Goa, D. Filipe I (1580-1598 AD), Copper 1 Bazaruco, Obv: Initial letter “F” for Filipe within a circle, Rev: Initial letter “R”, 4.37g,
17.06mm, (Gomes # 04.02), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-20,000

I II

305. Goa, D. Filipe I (1580-1598 AD), Copper 2 Bazarucos, Obv: Stylized letter ‘F’ (for Filipe), centrally struck. The design features arms curv-
ing toward each other at both ends of the vertical stem, giving the appearance of a reversed or stylized ‘E’. When inverted, it may also resemble
a straight ‘E’, depending on interpretation. The lower arm of the reversed ‘F’ appears smudged, making the reversed ‘F’ reading more plausible,
Rev: Bold letter ‘R’ (possibly for Real – “Royal”), in a variant font with a flattened top and middle arms. The tail is clearly detached from the mid-
arm, forming an elongated lower counter, 10.10g, 21.15mm, (Variant of Gomes # 6.06), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

306. Goa, D. Filipe I (1580-1598 AD), Copper 2 Bazarucos, Obv: Initial letter “F” for Filipe within a circle, Rev:Initial letter “R” (possibly for
Real, meaning “Royal”) within a circle. The stroke style of the letter R is an unlisted variant, differing from the known types recorded in Gomes,
9.12g, 20.01mm, (Variant of Gomes #6.03 (Unlisted reverse ‘R’ style), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

307. Goa, D. Filipe I (1580-1598), Copper 2 Bazarucos, Obv: Centrally struck letter ‘F’ (for Filipe), featuring a crooked stem and unusually
elongated top-left and bottom serifs. The form and curvature suggest a possible alteration from an original reverse ‘R’, creating an unusual and
distinctive obverse character, Rev: Stylized letter ‘R’ (possibly representing Real, meaning “Royal”) in a variant font. The letter shows a detached
tail from the stem, with an extended lower arm connecting the two. On closer examination, the form suggests a likely reworking of a previous ‘F’
into a reverse ‘R’, reinforcing the notion of intentional die modification, 8.72g, 19.58mm, (Variant Gomes # 6.04), about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

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Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Goa

Indo Portuguese-Goa continued...

308. Goa, D. Joao V (1706–1750 AD), Silver Rupia (600 Reis), 1745 AD, Obv: Profile bust of King Joao V facing right; full legend with date
digits “1745” clearly visible; enclosed within a partially visible circular petalled border, Rev:Crowned Portuguese coat of arms; within a toothed
border, 11.78g, 23.39mm, (Gomes # 77.20), toning, choice quality, centrally struck, XF-AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-35,000

309. Goa, D. Jose (1750-1777 AD), Copper 30 Reis (½ Tanga), 1768 AD, Obv: Crowned Escudo (shield) of D. Jose Rev: legend in three rows
30 R, G (Goa & the flanking star representing a dot) & 1768 within a faintly visible bowed laurel wreath, 18.92g, 27.69mm, (KM # 135 /Variant
of Gomes # 33.06, crown varies), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

310. Goa, D. Jose (1750-1777AD), Copper ½ Tanga (30 Reis), Obv: Crowned Escudo (shield) of D. Jose, Rev: letters Meia (with Star Shaped
trema above the vowels ‘e’ & ‘i’ according to Portuguese pronunciation) Tanga within a bowed laurel wreath, 17.72g, 28.69mm, (KM # 122 /
Gomes # 36.01), centrally struck, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

311. Goa, D. Jose (1750-1777AD), Copper Tanga (60 Reis), Obv: Crowned Escudo (shield) of D. Jose, Rev: star above value within a laurel
wreath, 20.14g, 28.35mm, (KM # 125 /Gomes # 37.01), centrally struck, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

312. Goa, D. Maria I & D. Pedro III (1777-1787 AD), Silver Pardao (300 Reis), 1784 AD, Obv: Conjoined heads to right, date below, Rev:
crowned arms, 5.36g, 18.93mm, (KM # 195 /Gomes # 8.03), nice central strike, choice quality, extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000

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Indo Portuguese continued...

313. Goa, D. Maria I & D. Pedro III (1777-1787 AD),Silver Rupia (600 Reis), 1784 AD, Obv: Conjoined busts of Queen Maria I and King
Pedro III facing right; date below, Rev: Crowned Portuguese coat of arms, 10.77g, 24.50mm, (KM # 191 /Gomes # 10.03), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

314. Goa, D. Joao (Principe Regent) (1799-1816 AD), Silver Rupia (600 Reis), 1807 AD, Obv: head right, D.Goa, Rupia & date below, Rev:
crowned arms, 10.83g, 22.42mm, (KM # 220 /Gomes # 17.02), centrally struck, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 18,000-22,000

315. Goa, D. Maria I (1788-1799 AD), Copper 12 Reis, Obv: crowned arms, Rev: value 12 reis, 7.15 g, 21.17mm, (Unlisted in KM /Gomes),
about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

Note: Crowned arms variety of this specimen is unlisted in KM & Gomes.

316. Goa, D. Joao VI (1816-1826 AD), Copper 10 Reis, Obv: crowned arms, Rev: numerical 10 reis, 6.13g, 20.53mm, (KM #
230 /Gomes # 24.01), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

317. Goa, D. Joao VI (1816-1826 AD), Copper 4-½ (4=) Reis, Obv: Near centrally struck on a planchet smaller than the die, with crown near ful-
ly visible, Fewer longitudinal lines of Armilary sphere of the Heraldic Crowned oval Shield of the Monarch D.Joao VI , adorned also on sides with
a side floral mantling, Rev: Near centrally struck, with Denomination 4 = (symbol for and a Half) with Reis below, 2.80g, 15.90mm, (A.Gomes #
2.01) Particularly due to the side being struck off centre, Part of the circular border of radiating Segments is near fully visible. nice quality, XF-
UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

318. Goa, D. Joao VI (1816-1826 AD), Copper 4-½ (4=) Reis, Obv: crowned arms, Rev: numerical 4= reis within a toothed border, 3.03g,
16.85mm, (KM # 225 /Gomes # 19.02), sharp strike, choice quality, XF-AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

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Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese-Goa

Indo Portuguese-Goa continued...

319. Goa, D. Miguel I (1828-1834 AD), Copper Tanga (60 Reis), Over struck on 60 Reis Issue of D. Joao, Prince Regent, Obv: Crown of D. Mi-
guel visible, along with partial legend “PT” from “APT” of the under type, Rev: Traces of wreath from D. Miguel’s issue visible; part of the orig-
inal shield of D. João P.R. discernible. The denomination “60 Réis” is partially visible, 38.59g, 34.44mm, (Gomes # 02.05), about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

320. Goa, D. Maria II (1834-1853 AD), Copper Tanga (60 Ries), Obv: Crowned Escudo ( Shield) of D. Maria II, Rev: Denomination in two rows
60 (Reis ) & T (Tanga) within a laurel wreath, 34.58g, 33.88mm, (KM # 266 /Gomes # 15.01), centrally struck, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

321. Goa, D. Maria II (1834-1853 AD), Silver Rupia (600 Reis), 1839 AD, Obv: Portrait bust of Queen Maria II facing left; complete date
“1839” below the bust, Rev: Crowned Portuguese coat of arms within floral sprays, 10.80g, 23.08mm, (KM # 269 /Gomes # 21.01), sharply
struck, toned, very beautiful, choice quality, AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

322. Goa, D. Pedro V (1853-1861 AD), Silver Rupia, 1856 AD, Obv: Bust of King D.Pedro V facing right, Rev: Legends “GOA” and “RUPIA”
within a laurel wreath, 10.99g, 24.00mm, (KM # 279 /Gomes # 09.05), toning, AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

323. Goa, D. Pedro V (1853-1861 AD), Silver Rupia, 1860 AD, Obv: Bust of King Dom Pedro V facing right, Rev: within a laurel wreath, the
legends “GOA” and “RUPIA”., 10.95g, 24.10mm, (KM # 279 /Gomes # 09.05), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 13,000-16,000

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Coins of European Enclaves in India >Indo Portuguese> Coins of Presidencies of India> Bengal Presidency

Indo-Portuguese

324. Colonial Coinage, Luiz I (1861-1889 AD), Silver 1/8 Rupia (Oitavo), 1881 AD, Obv: Bare head of King Luiz I facing left, Rev: Crowned
Portuguese coat of arms within floral sprays, (KM # 309), superb toning with luster, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Extremely Rare in
this grade.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

1912 over 1911

325. Portuguese Administration, Silver Uma Rupia, 1912 /1911 AD (2 over 1), Obv: draped liberty head facing left, Rev: denomination within
a laurel wreath, 11.47g, 30.46mm, (KM # 18 /Gomes # R09), XF.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Coins of Presidencies of India

Bengal Presidency

326. Farrukhabad Mint, Silver Rupee, 45 RY, Edge: Plain, “Saya-e-fazle elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv: Persian legend
“sikka zad bar haft kishwar sayaye fazle elah, hami e dine Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah”, Rev: Persian legends “sana 45 julus” & “zarb
Farrukhabad” at the bottom, (Stevens # 9.22/ PR # 333), superb quality, slabbed by NGC as MS64, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

327. Murshidabad Mint, Gold ½ Mohur, AH 1202/19 RY, “Saya-e-fazle elah” Couplet, Edge: Oblique Milling, In the name of Shah Alam II,
Obv: Persian legend “sikka zadbar haft kishwar sayae fazle elah, hami dine Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah”, with Hijri year 1202, Rev: Per-
sian legend “sana 19 julus” and “zarb Murshidabad” at the bottom, 6.09g, 21.36mm, (KM # 101/Stevens # 4.3), luster, toning, AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 90,000-1,10,000

328. Murshidabad Mint, Gold Mohur, AH 1202 /19 RY, Edge: Oblique Milling, Saya-e fazle elah” Couplet, In the name of Shah Alam II, Obv:
Persian legend “Sikka zad bar haft kishwar Saya-e fazle elah hami din-e Muhammad Shah Alam Badshah” with “1202 Hijri”, Rev: Persian
legend “zarb Murshidabad” & “Sana 19 julus maimanat manus”, 12.34g, 25.91mm, (KM # 103.2), minor edge nick, super luster, super quality,
UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

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Coins of Presidencies of India> Bombay Presidency, Madras Presidency

Bombay Presidency

329. Bagalkot Mint, Transitional Mint Issue, Pseudo mint name: Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa Silver ½ Rupee, 1819 AD, European-style
date type, “Mubarak Sikka” Couplet, In the name of Alamgir II, Obv: Persian legend “taban mihr-o-mah mubarak sikka, Aziz ud din Alamgir
Ghazi Badshah” with the date 1819 (translates to “Struck the auspicious coin shining like sun and moon – Aziz-ud-din Alamgir, the Warrior &
Emperor)”, Rev: Persian legend “zarb Bagalkot” (off flan at the top), pseudo mint ‘Shahjahanabad Dar-ul-Khilafa’ partly visible, (translates to
“Struck at Bagalkot in the reign of tranquil prosperity)”, 5.54 g, 16.56 mm. (Stevens # 6.45, Ref: JONS Article no 183, by Paul Stevens), no
test marks, about extremely fine, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Note: As the British extended their control over India in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, several regional mints, including Bagalkot, Belgaum-
Shahpur, and Dharwar, came under British administration. Although archival records are limited, combining them with surviving coinage provides
insight into how these mints functioned during this transitional period. The trusted coinage of around 1819 was particularly important, serving local
economies until newer systems replaced these issues in the 1820s–1830s.

Excerpted from an article by Paul Stevens: “The Coins of the Bombay Presidency: The Transitional Mints of the Southern Maratha Country ,
Bagalkot, Belgaum-Shahpur, and Dharwar.”

330. Surat Mint (off flan), Gold Mohur, 46 RY, In the name of Shah Alam II (1803-1824 AD), Obv: Persian legend “Sikka Mubarak Badshah
Ghazi Shah Alam” with a non-inverted British-style crown, Rev: Persian legend “sana 46 julus” & “zarb Surat” off flan at the bottom, 11.76g,
18.17mm, (KM # 244 /Stevens # 3.3 /PR # 261), no test mark, sharp strike, lustrous, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,50,000-2,00,000

Madras Presidency

331. Silver ½ Pagoda, 1808 AD, 2nd Issue, Edge: Oblique milling, Obv: Gopuram (temple tower) at centre with nine stars on either side. Central
design encircled by a buckled garter bearing the denomination in English: “HALF PAGODA”. Below, Persian inscription: “Neem Hun Pahuli”
(meaning “half pagoda”), Rev: Deity Vishnu rising from a lotus flower, holding a sword in his left hand, encircled by three dotted borders. A
ribbon with its ends separated by a star appears below. Denomination inscribed around the design in: 20.8g, 36.17mm, (Stevens # 3.105/PR #
169), superb nice toning, very attractive, bold & centrally struck, PCGS as AU55, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,00,000-1,20,000

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Coins of British India > ¼ Anna, 1 Anna, ¼ Rupee

Coins of British India

¼ Anna

332 333

332. 1896, Victoria Empress, Copper ¼ Anna, Calcutta Mint, B/II/no mm, die rotation around 1’ o clock, (PR # 629/GK # 855), rainbow-like
toning, strong features, nice quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 63 BN, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

Note: NGC records only 5 coins in higher grades.

333. 1934, King George V, Bronze ¼ Anna, Calcutta Mint, no dot, (PR # 674/GK # 1194), original brown toning, strong features, nice quality,
graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 67 RD, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

Note: Top-Pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

334. 1941, King George VI, Bronze ¼ Anna, Bombay Mint, dot, head type II, (PR # 693/GK # 1428), brown toning, strong features, nice quality,
environmental damage, graded & slabbed by PCGS Genuine as UNC details, Rare type, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

1 Anna

335. 1938, King George VI, Cupro-Nickel 1 Anna, Calcutta Mint, no dot, head type I, (PR # 959/GK # 1378), toning, nice quality, graded &
slabbed by PCGS as MS 64, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

Note: Top-pop, highest graded known coin for the type.

¼ Rupee

336 337

336. 1840, Victoria Queen, Silver ¼ Rupee, Mule, Divided Legend, Calcutta Mint, W.W. raised, 34 berries (19L+15R), the obverse of “Divided
Legend” is paired with the reverse of “Continuous Legend” die, (PR # 108/GK # 200/SW # 3.55), cleaned, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

337. 1946, King George VI, Nickel ¼ Rupee, Bombay Mint, Rev. IV/diamond, head type II, die rotation around 1’ o clock, (PR # 868/GK #
1346), nice toning, strong features, attractive quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

Note: NGC records only 3 coins in higher grades.

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Coins of British India > ½ Rupee, Rupee

½ Rupee

338 339
338. 1909, King Edward VII, Silver ½ Rupee, Calcutta Mint, no mm, (PR # 313/GK # 969), nice toning, attractive strong features, graded &
slabbed by NGC as MS 61, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000
339. 1945, King George VI, Silver ½ Rupee, Large 5, Bombay Mint, B/II/dot, head type II, (PR # 361/GK # 1317), little toning, nice quality,
graded & slabbed by NGC as XF 45, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000
Rupee

340 341
340. 1862, Victoria Queen, Silver Rupee, Madras Mint, B/II, Without Re-engraving of hair and with enclosed frame effect, year 1862 double-
struck, (PR # 57/GK # 266), little toning, strong features, nice quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 62, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000
Note: NGC mentioned wrong mint on the slab.

341. 1862, Victoria Queen, Silver Rupee, Madras Mint, B/II, Without Re-engraving of hair and complete raised line at the back of the bust
(with enclosed frame effect), letters are re-engraved in VICTORIA, (PR # 57/GK # 266), ghost image visible, strong features, mirror-like surface,
graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 63, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

342 343

342. 1878, Victoria Empress, Silver Rupee, Bombay Mint, A3/I/dot, (PR # 152/GK # 454), ghost image visible, strong features, mirror-like
surface, nice quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 61, Very Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

343. 1897, Victoria Empress, Silver Rupee, Bombay Mint, C2/I(ii)/B incused, (PR # 183/GK # 581), strong features, superb luster, nice quality,
graded & slabbed by PCGS as MS 61, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000
Note: The 1897 One Rupee in straight Mint State (MS) grades is difficult to obtain and is missing from many collections. PCGS records only 4
coins in higher grades.

344 345

344. 1903, King Edward VII, Silver Rupee, Bombay Mint, B incused & dot, (PR # 199/GK # 926), ghost image visible, mirror-like surface, nice
quality, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 63, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

345. 1938, King George VI, Silver Rupee, Bombay Mint, A/I/dot, head type II, (PR # 234/GK # 1255), lovely multi-colour toning, superb
features, attractive quality with luster, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

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Coins of British India > Rupee, 15 Rupees, Gold Mohur

Rupee continued...

346. 1938, King George VI, Silver Rupee, Bombay Mint, A/I/no dot, head type II, die rotation around 11’ o clock, (PR # 233/GK # 1254), little
toning, superb quality, strong features, cleaned, graded & slabbed by NGC as UNC details, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

15 Rupees

347. 1918, King George V, Gold 15 Rupees, Bombay Mint, value side same as the design of the Victorian TEN RUPEES of 1870 with year
corrected, (PR # 25/SW # 8.1), 8gm, 22.26mm, nice toning, scratches, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,75,000-3,25,000

Gold Mohur

348. 1862, Victoria Queen, Gold Mohur, Calcutta Mint, A/II, Obv: Single flower in the bottom panel of jabot, without ‘V’ on the ground line of
bust, Rev: ‘V’ below the date, (PR # 4/SW # 4.3), 11.7gm, 25.93mm, minor nicks on edge, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000

Note: As per Pridmore, only 1,53,121 pieces were struck.

349. 1862, Victoria Queen, Gold Mohur, Calcutta Mint, C/I, Obv: Two flowers in bottom panel of jabot, with ‘V’ on the ground line of bust, Rev:
No ‘V’ below the date, die rotation around 1 ‘o clock, (PR # 6/SW # 4.6), 11.7gm, 25.87mm, handling marks, AU-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 2,50,000-3,00,000

Note: As per Pridmore, only 1,53,121 pieces were struck.

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Coins of Republic India > Proof Sets • Worldwide Coins > Iran, Japan

Coins of Republic India

350. Republic India, 1981, International Year of the Child, Proof Silver 100 Rupees, Bombay Mint, (KM # 277), removed from the proof set,
graded & slabbed by NGC as PF 65 ULTRA CAMEO, proof, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

351. Republic India, 1969, Proof Set, Gandhi Centenary, Set of 9 Coins, 10 Rupees, 1 Rupee, 50 Paise, 20 Paise, 10 Paise, 5 Paise, 3 Paise, 2
Paise & 1 Paisa, Bombay Mint, (KM # PS 7/RB # 16), in original mint brown pouch and open white envelope along with certificate, proof, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

Worldwide Coins

352. Iran, Afsharid Dynasty, Shahrukh (1st reign, AH 1161-1163 /1748-1750 AD), Mashhad Muqaddas Mint, Silver Double Rupee (2 Rupi),
AH 1162 (1748 AD), Reverse double struck, Obv: Persian legend “al-sultan Shahrukh”, Rev: Persian legend “khuld Allahu mulkahu” with
1162 Hijri year, & “zarb Mashhad Muqaddas” at the bottom, 22.70g, 26.96mm, test mark, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

353. Japan, Tokugawa Shogunate, Gold Rectangular Nibu Kin (2 Bu), Obv: two Paulownia blossoms and legend, beaded border around, Rev:
a legend, beaded border around the field, 3.0g, 11.8x19.4mm, (Friedberg # 21), about extremely fine, Rare in this condition.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

354. Japan, Tenpo, Gold Rectangular Nishu Gin (2 Shu), Obv: Paulownia blossom and legend, beaded border around, Rev: a legend, beaded
border around the field, 1.7g, 7.8x12.98mm, (KM # C.18), about extremely fine, Rare in this condition.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

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Worldwide Coins > Strait Settlement, Turks and Caicos Islands • Medals

355. Strait Settlement, King George V, Silver 1 Dollar, 1920, Obv: crowned bust of the king, facing left, lettering “GEORGE V KING AND
EMPEROR OF INDIA” around, Rev: arabesque pattern surrounding denomination in Chinese and Malaya, country name, denomination and
year around, (KM # 33), nice luster, superb toning, graded & slabbed by NGC as MS 64, Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

356. Turks and Caicos Islands, Elizabeth II, Victoria 50 Crowns Silver Coin Set, 1976, Obv: bust of the queen facing right, date below,
lettering “ELIZABETH II/D.G.REGINA” around, Rev: four historical coins with pictures of Queen Victoria, denomination and country name
around, 55g, (KM # 16), intact in acrylic case, UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

Medals • Badges • Medallions

357 358

357. Dewas (Senior Branch) State, Pawar Sarkar Medal, Copper, Obv: the state coat of arms with laurel wreath around, Rev: within a circle
Nagari legend “Pawar Sarkar Padak (Pawar Government Medal)”, in outer circle “Rajya Dewas (Kingdom of Dewas)” above and “Moti Pathi
(Senior)” below, 13.7g, 26.92x37.99mm, (Unlisted), superb strike, brown toning, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-60,000

Note: Dewas had two branches - Junior and Senior. The Senior branch known as Moti Pathi, is mentioned on the medal. This particular medal has
never been offered before.
Historically, Dewas was a Maratha princely state established in the 18th century by the Pawar brothers of the Maratha clan. The state was later
divided into the Senior and Junior branches, each ruled by a different line of the family, yet both retained strong Maratha traditions and heritage.

358. Gwalior State, Madhav Rao Scindia, Copper Octagonal Medal, Obv: portrait of the ruler facing right in the circle and an eight-pointed
concave frame, Rev: the fortress of Gwalior fort within a circle edged by eight leaf designs, with bar, 34.7g, 38.4x53.6mm, (T Mc # 117), superb
quality. almost uncirculated, Rare in this condition.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

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Medals

359 360
359. Jaipur State, Man Singh II, Silver Jubilee Medal, Uniface, Silver, Obv: portrait of Maharaja Man Singh II to facing right, Devanagari
legend “ Maharajadhiraj Shri Sawai Man Singh II” around, Rev: uniface, with bar, plain edge, 32.8g, 38.26x51.3mm, choice quality, about
extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

360. Mewar State, World War II (1939-45), Copper War Medal, Obv: motif of a tall building with trees besides on ground, Nagari legend
“Mahayudh san 1939-1945” at top, Rev: Nagari legend “Chitrakoot Udaipur -Dosti London” within floral wreath, 19.1g, 38.2mm, superb strike,
lovely brown toning, some scratches, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

361 362
361. Sirohi State, 1946, Maharao Tej Singh Ji, Silver Medal, Obv: portrait of child Maharao Tej Singhji, the lettering “H.M. MAHARAO
TEJSINGHJI OF SIROHI” around, Rev: legend “TO COMMEMORATE HIS SILVER WEIGHMENT IN HIS PREMIER VISIT AT
ABUROAD 2ND AUGUST 1946”, without suspension ring, 9.27g, 29.18mm, (T Mc # 242), nice quality, choice extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

362. Tonk State, Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan, (AH 1284-1349 /1868-1930 AD), Copper Square 2 tola weight, AH1308, Obv: coat of arms
in circle, Rev: Persian legend “AH 1308, wazn 2 tola, Tonk Darbar” within a circle, 23.95g, 24.65 x 24.90mm, top grade, original brown patina,
AU, Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

363 364
363. British India, Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway Regiment – 2nd Battalion, Silver Medal, 1932, awarded for a “Second-1 Mile
Relay Race Championship”, Obv: arms of battalion within a wreath, Rev: award details inside the laurel wreath, along with ring to wear, 20.8g,
33.33x38.37mm, superb luster, choice quality, minor handling scratches, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

Note: This railway medal is an excellent addition for both medal and railway collectors, particularly those with an interest in Bombay and Baroda
collections.
364. Medal, Khedive’s Sudan Medal, Silver, 1910, Obv: the name of Khedive Abbas Hilmi and date 1328 of Muslim calendar (1910 AD) in
Arabic, Rev: a Lion on a plinth with lettering ‘SUDAN’ below; rising sun in the background, along with bar and ribbon, 36.9g, 31.19x45.52mm,
(MYB # 165), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

Note: Introduced in 1911 to replace the earlier Khedive’s Sudan Medal (1896–1908), this medal was awarded for minor operations in southern
Sudan between 1910 and 1922. It was issued in silver without clasp to non-combatants, and in bronze to camp followers.

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Medals • Badge

365. Miniature Medals Pattee, British India and Bikaner, War, Indian Princely State & Service Miniature Medals, including the Rare
enameled miniature medals from Bikaner state. An excellent group of 14 miniature medals (2 Medal are Missing but their ribbons are attached
on the group), group court mounted as worn, all in good condition and preserved in a private jeweller’s box, Extremely Rare.
1: Bikaner State, The Order of the Star of Honour, Companion-Class III Miniature breast badge (2), Silver gilt and enamel,
2: United Kingdom, The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire Knights Commanders (C.I.E) Miniature Neck Badge with bar, 1917-
date, Silver and enamel,
3: Order of British India, 1st type Miniature neck badge, 1939, Silver and enamel,
4: British and Imperial Forces (1914-15), 1stWorld War, Star Miniature Medal, Bronze,
5: 1st World War, British War Miniature Medal (1914-18), Silver,
6: Victory Miniature Medal (1914-19), Bronze,
7: The Burma Star Miniature Medal, KGVI, Bronze,
8: 2nd World War, War Miniature Medal (1939-1945), Silver,
9: India Service Miniature Medal (1939-45), Silver,
10: Silver Jubilee Miniature Medal (1911-1935), King George V & Queen Mary, Silver,
11: King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Coronation Miniature Medal (1937), Silver,
12:Bikaner State, Golden Jubilee Miniature Medal of Ganga Singh (1944-1994), Silver,
Estimated Price: 3,00,000-4,00,000
Note: It is very likely that this group was awarded to a veteran officer from the Bikaner Army, as suggested by the presence of Maharaja Ganga
Singh Ji’s medal along with several British decorations. Miniature medals such as these were typically worn during social functions, parties, and
other unofficial ceremonies.

366

367
366. Badge, Allahabad University, Silver Badge, 1887, Obv: a Banyan tree in the center with the University’s motto in Latin below, “Quot Rami
Tot Arbores” (Every branch yields a Tree), date and university name on top, Rev: serial no: 6735, pin to wear, 10.6g, 31.88x35.5mm, nice luster,
choice quality, XF-AU, Scarce.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

367. Badge, World War II period, Mysore Transport Corps Pagri Badge, Brass, Obv: a Gandaberunda over a wreath with ‘T’ inside, with
‘MYSORE’ below, Rev: pin and clasp fitting, 28.8g, 43.83x64.49mm, (Maharajahs’ Paltans by McClenaghan and Head – Vol 2. # Pg. 581-82, fig
50.12.1), about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

Note: It was raised in 1901 as the Independent Pony Corps and later incorporated into the Imperial State Troops scheme in 1908. The unit served
in Mesopotamia during World War I and operated as a Mechanical Transport Company during World War II.

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Medallion • Error Coins > British India

368. Medallion, ISRO-Apollo Space Program Commemorative Gold Medallion, Obv: ISRO logo in the center, lettering “INDIAN SPACE
RESEARCH ORGANISATION/ANTRIX CORPORATION LTD.” around, Rev: image of a spacecraft and a rocket, 4g Gold 917, along with
ring to wear, 4g, 15.36mm, UNC.
Estimated Price: 65,000-75,000

Note: Perfect for collectors with an interest in space history and ISRO memorabilia

369. Russian Reliquary Panagia Christ Icon, Silver and Gold Gilt Pendant, The folding/openable pectoral icon, “Praise of the Mother of
God” with two selected scenes from the Akathist is an individual prayer icon and can also serve as a reliquary for relics or other sacred objects.
It continues the tradition of gilded silver reliquaries and two-winged “traveling” panagias of the 14th and 15th Centuries. Such items were family
heirlooms and were passed down through generations or donated to the Church. 39.1g, 28.57x45.55mm, about extremely fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

Note: The term “Panagiarion” refers specifically to an icon of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary), while a similar locket depicting Christ is called
an “Engolpion.” Worn over the vestments, the locket is a symbol of a bishop’s office. The image shows a pectoral panagiarion, a pendant
traditionally worn by bishops in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches. This particular piece appears to be an example of Russian
ecclesiastical art.

Error Coins

370 371

370. British India, 1845, East India Company, Copper ½ Anna, Calcutta Mint, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi
brockage on the obverse with mirror impressions, deep struck, chocolate brown toning, original gorgeous patina, choice quality, graded & slabbed
by NGC as MINT ERROR AU 55 BN, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000

Note: Finding these brockage graded coins is difficult.

371. British India, 1862-1876, Victoria Queen, Silver Rupee, Obverse B, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi brockage
on the obverse with mirror impressions, complete details of Queen’s panel and jabot, letters are double struck in VICTORIA, 11.7gm, 30.73mm,
about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

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Error Coins > British India

372. British India, 1862-1876, Victoria Queen, Silver Rupee, Obverse B, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi brock-
age on the obverse with mirror impressions, complete details of Queen’s panel and jabot, die cracks, 11.6gm, 30.57mm, about extremely fine,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

373. 1884, Victoria Empress, Silver Rupee, Calcutta Mint, Error: Inverted align, die rotation 6’ o clock , A1/I/C incused, scratches, about very
fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000

Note: This 1884 rupee features an inverted die alignment (rotated 180°) and has appeared for the first time, with no prior records known. An
exceptional opportunity for British India error coin collectors.

374. British India, 1877-1901, Victoria Empress, Silver Rupee, Obverse C2, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi
brockage on the obverse with mirror impressions, 11.5gm, 30.42mm, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 40,000-50,000

375. British India, 1903-1910, King Edward VII, Silver Rupee, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi brockage on the
obverse with mirror impressions, superb quality, mirror-like surface, about extremely fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 70,000-1,00,000

376. British India, 1911-1922, King George V, Silver Rupee, Error: Obverse Lakhi or Brockage, complete and deep lakhi brockage on the
obverse with mirror impressions, nice toning, attractive strong features and quality, about extremely fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 30,000-40,000

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Paper Money > British India

Paper Money

377. British India, King George V, Uniface 10 Rupees (2), Consecutive Pair, Dated 24 May 1919, Signed by M.M.S. Gubbay, AD Prefix, S.
No. AD18 78671 & 78672, (KJ & RR # 2A.2.4.1), spindle holes at issue, folds, very neat example without any handling and other marks, graded
by PMG as 35 Choice Very Fine, Exceedingly Rare.
Estimated Price: 3,00,000-4,00,000

Note: Consecutive pairs of uniface banknotes from British India are extremely difficult to acquire, making this offering particularly important. What
sets this pair apart is the presence serial number ‘786’ on both notes, an exceptional rarity. This is the first time we are offering such a pair, further
enhancing its significance to collectors, making it an interesting offering for British India and 786 serial number collectors.

378. British India, 1923, King George V, 10 Rupees, Signed by A.C. McWatters, A Prefix, S. No. A87 229171, printed in England, (KJ & RR #
3.6.1), spindle holes at issue, minor stains and fold, XF-AU, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,10,000-1,40,000

Note: This is the first variant of the 1st issue of 10 Rupee banknote with A.C. McWatters signature, bearing the portrait of King George V. This
variant, with the serial numbers printed on top to the left and on the bottom to the right, are difficult to come by. The original vibrant colors have
survived, displaying strong quality. This type is gradually going extinct.

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Paper Money > British India

379. British India, 1944, King George VI, 1 Rupee (2), Signed by C.E. Jones, A Inset, W Prefix, Pair of Serial number in Green and Black,
Last Prefix. Extremely Rare.
Serial number in Green, S. No. W40 951716, (KJ & RR # 4.1.1B), folds, stains, about very fine.
Serial number in Black, S. No. W45 884952, (KJ & RR # 4.1.1C), spindle holes, folds, stains, graded by PMG as 30 Very Fine.
Estimated Price: 50,000-70,000

Note: An exceptional and important pair for the advanced collector of British India banknotes. The presence of a black serial note bearing the
elusive ‘W’ prefix with ‘A’ inset is of a significant importance.

380. British India, 1943, King George VI, 2 Rupees, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, C Prefix, S. No. C54 844983, (KJ &
RR # 4.2.2), staple holes at issue, bidfe international auctioneers Pvt. Ltd., graded by PMCS as 55 AUNC.
Estimated Price: 8,000-10,000

381. British India, 1943, King George VI, 2 Rupees, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, D Prefix, S. No. D74 224875, (KJ &
RR # 4.2.2), staple holes at issue, graded by PMG 64 Choice Uncirculated, Rare.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

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Paper Money > British India

382. British India, 1944, King George VI, 5 Rupees, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, L Prefix, S. No. L84 398472, (KJ &
RR # 4.3.2), staple holes at issue, exceptional paper quality, graded by PMG as 65 Gem Uncirculated EPQ, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 12,000-15,000

383. British India, 1944, King George VI, 5 Rupees, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, Q Prefix, S. No. Q49 230045, (KJ &
RR # 4.3.2), staple holes at issue, exceptional paper quality, graded by PMG as 66 Gem Uncirculated EPQ, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

384. British India, 1944, King George VI, 5 Rupees, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, C Prefix, S. No. C76 016959, (KJ &
RR # 4.4.1), staple holes at issue, minor stains, UNC, Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

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Paper Money > British India, Indo-Portuguese

385. British India, 1944, King George VI, 100 Rupees, Bombay Circle, Signed by C.D. Deshmukh, Serial number in Black, B Prefix, S. No.
B76 278630, 786 number in the middle of serial number, Front facing watermark, (RM & AM # BR 5.1), staple holes at issue, folds, spindle hole,
annotation, graded by PMG as 35 Choice Very Fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000

Note: The Banknotes bearing the front-facing profile watermark of King George VI, were introduced due to the Japanese attempts to forge these
notes during 1942-43.

386. Indo-Portuguese, 1929, Uma Rupia (1 Rupee), Banco Nacional Ultramarino-Nova Goa, 4th Issue, Signed by Vice Governor Henrique
Jose Monteiro De Mendonca & Governor Joao Henrique Ulrich, S. No. A480312, a roaring tiger in the middle with two windows on either side,
coat of arms in the lower center on the obverse & Temple of Jagannath Puri in the center within an ornamental box on the reverse, (KJ & RR #
12.21.1), fold, superb quality, graded by PMG as 35 Choice Very Fine, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000

Note: The most outstanding specimen we have ever offered with a roaring tiger at the center of the obverse. While most banknotes tend to fade after
circulation, this specimen has been able to maintain its bright colour as at the time of printing.

387. Indo-Portuguese, 1959, 30 (Trinta) Escudos, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 7th Issue, Signed by Governor Francisco Jose Vieira Machado
and Administrator Jose De Azeredo Perdigao, S. No. 878333, (KJ & RR # 12.35.2), folds, stains, tears, graffiti, about very fine.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

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Paper Money > Indo-Portuguese, Hyderabad State

388. Indo-Portuguese, 1959, 30 (Trinta) Escudos, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 7th Issue, Signed by Governor Francisco Jose Vieira Machado
and Administrator Luis Pereira Coutinho, S. No. 1420302, (KJ & RR # 12.35.3), folds, stains, about very fine.
Estimated Price: 10,000-15,000

389. Indo-Portuguese, 1959, 60 (Sessenta) Escudos, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 7th Issue, Signed by Governor Francisco Jose Vieira
Machado and Administrator Artur Menezes Correia De Sa, S. No. 435478, (KJ & RR # 12.36.1), fold, stains, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

390. Indo-Portuguese, 1959, 100 (Cem) Escudos, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 7th Issue, Signed by Governor Francisco Jose Vieira Machado
and Administrator Artur Menezes Correia De Sa, S. No. 224715, (KJ & RR # 12.37.1), folds, stains, about very fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-30,000

391. Indo-Portuguese, 1959, 1000 (Mil) Escudos, Cancelled, Banco Nacional Ultramarino, 7th Issue, Signed by Governor Francisco Jose
Vieira Machado and Administrator Gastao Bessone Basto, S. No. 153355, (KJ & RR # 12.40.5), cancellation holes, folds, stains, choice extremely
fine, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

392. Hyderabad State, 1943, 1 Rupee, Signed by Ghulam Muhammad, F Prefix, S. No. F/7 690114, “Sarkar-e-Ali” and “EK RUPYA SICCA
OSMANIA” in Urdu, (KJ & RR # 7.2.3), staple holes at issue, stains, folds, about very fine, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 10,000-12,000

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Paper Money > Republic India

393. Republic India, 1950, 100 Rupees, 1st Issue, Bombay Circle, Signed by B. Rama Rau, A Prefix, S. No. A5 362650, a picture of elephants
on the reverse, (RM & AM # BR 5.5), staple holes at issue, exceptional paper quality, superb quality, graded by PMG as 58 Choice About Unc,
Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 80,000-1,00,000

Note: Republic of India, First Issue - An exceptional example in high grade. Extremely rare, with only a few known to collectors.

394. Republic India, 1950, 100 Rupees, 1st Issue, Bombay Circle, Signed by B. Rama Rau, A Prefix, S. No. A5 362610, a picture of elephants
on the reverse, (RM & AM # BR 5.5), staple holes at issue, exceptional paper quality, superb quality, graded by PMG as 64 Choice Uncirculated,
Extremely Rare in this grade.
Estimated Price: 1,00,000-1,50,000

Note: An exceptionally rare opportunity to acquire a First Issue banknote of the Republic of India in such a high grade-examples of this calibre are
scarcely encountered and only a few are known to collectors. A true prize for the advanced collection.

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Paper Money > Republic India > Fancy Number, Bundles

395. Republic India, 1984, 1985 & 1992 (Mixed years, Insets & prefixes), 2 Rupees (10), 111111-10L, Fancy Number Set, Signed by Manmohan
Singh, R.N. Malhotra & S. Venkataramanan, S. No. 111111-1000000, XF-UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000

396. Republic India, 2016, 500 Rupees, 1000000 (1 Million) Serial Number, Fancy Number, Signed by Raghuram G. Rajan, E Inset, BQ
Prefix, S. No. 5BQ 1000000, graded by PMCS as 58 AUNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

397. Republic India, 1957, 1 Rupee Bundle (100 Notes), Signed by L.K. Jha, D Inset, P Prefix, S. No. P90 003301 to 003400, (RM & AM #
R1.11), stains, rust, AU-UNC, Rare.
Estimated Price: 20,000-25,000

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Paper Money > Republic India > Bundles • Error Paper Money

398. Republic India, 1962, 10 Rupees Bundle (100 Notes), Signed by P.C. Bhattacharya, B Inset, H Prefix, S. No.H92 210501 to 210600, (RM
& AM # R 4.7), stains, rust, AU-UNC, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 65,000-70,000

Error Paper Money

399. Republic India, 1985-90, Error 10 Rupees, Signed by R.N. Malhotra, Error: Extra paper & sheet fold cutting error, approx. 15% extra
paper at the left top corner, F Inset, S. No. W34 400550, staple holes, fold, UNC.
Estimated Price: 7,000-9,000

400. Republic India, 2014, Error 10 Rupees, Star * (Replacement) Series, Signed by Raghuram G Rajan, Error: Serial Number Printing
error, Down left side serial number is missing, R Inset, P Prefix, S. No. 99P*062888, exceptional paper quality, graded by PMG as 64 EPQ Choice
Uncirculated, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-45,000

401. Republic India, 2000, Error 50 Rupees, Signed by Bimal Jalan, Error: Sheet fold cutting and serial number printing error, approx. 20%
extra paper at the left, the extra paper shows sheet margin, paper folding while printing the serial number, the serial number printed at back, C
Inset, S. No. 9NG 866160, pinholes, folds, minor stains, XF-AU, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 25,000-30,000

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Error Paper Money • World Paper Money

402. Republic India, 2022, Error 100 Rupees, Signed by Shaktikanta Das, Error: Serial number printing error, instead of 6 digits, serial
number printed with 7 digits, M Inset, S. No. 9AV 1999993, graded by PMCS as 65 Gem UNC, Extremely Rare.
Estimated Price: 35,000-40,000

World Paper Money

403. Afghanistan (4), 1948-1951, 2, 5 & 10 Afghanis, portrait of King Muhammad Zahir on the left, (Pick # 28, 29 & 30), minor stains, AU-UNC.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

404. New Zealand, Queen Elizabeth II, 5 Dollars, Star * (Replacement), Dated 10th July 1967, Signed by Chief Cashier H. Ray Hardie, S. No.
992070786*, Obv: Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II wearing tiara at right, Rev: Kowhai flowers at left, Tui bird at centre, (Pick # 165d), exceptional
paper quality, graded by PMG as 68 Superb Gem Unc EPQ, Very Rare.
Estimated Price: 15,000-20,000

Note: This banknote has a ‘786’ in its serial number, making it an interesting offering for 786 serial number collectors.

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Stamps

Stamps

405. Independence & Republic India Stamps, 1947–1979 – Two-Volume Mint Collection, Mint Condition, Rare.
Estimated Price: 1,25,000-1,50,000
Note: An exceptional collection capturing the spirit and history of independent India through its rich postal heritage. Carefully curated and
meticulously preserved, this two-volume album spans 76 pages each of stamps from 1947 to 1979, thoughtfully categorized to showcase the
evolution of India’s identity, economy, achievements, and culture.
Highlights include:
Mahatma Gandhi collection and 1948 1st Anniversary of Indian Independence issues 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Definitive Series
Commemoratives honoring great Indian personalities, scientific achievements, wildlife preservation, sports and Olympics, railway and airmail
issues, birds series, and Bapu Birth Centenary
Numerous early and rare issues reflecting landmark events, cultural milestones, and India’s evolving national narrative Commemoratives on
Great Indian Personalities, Services, Special Day Releases, Indian Wild Life, Indian Dances, Airmail, Locomotives, Anna Series, Decimal Coinage,
Definitive Series, and many more early and rare issues that showcase India’s evolving identity, economy, achievements, honoring landmark events,
scientific achievements and cultural milestones.
This rare and mint-condition anthology presents a chronicle of India’s evolving identity, making it a treasured centerpiece for collectors, sold
as is – no returns.

Thank You
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