Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

A Novel Random Forest-Based Algorithm for

Diabetes Diagnosis
Avishek Gupta1; Sudeshna Das2; Sohini Banerjee3
1,2,3
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering
1,2,3
Abacus Institute of Engineering & Management, Magra, Hooghly, West Bengal, India

Publication Date: 2025/11/11

Abstract: This chapter genuinely addresses the crucial need for the diagnosis of diabetes, since the techniques that are
currently in use today are still lacking in both efficiency and accuracy. For the present investigation, we have chosen to use
the Random Forest classifier as our model. The Random Forest algorithm is an ensemble learning method that creates a
lot of decision trees during training and produces a class that is either the mode of the classes for classification or the mean
forecast of the individual trees for regression. The investigation builds and compares different intelligent systems based on
multilayer algorithms using the data set that Kare published. Such variables include levels of blood glucose, levels of
HbA1c, smoking histories, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, to
offering insights into the trends and patterns in diabetes risk, this thorough analysis will lay the groundwork for future
studies. In particular, studies can be conducted to better understand how these factors interact and affect the development
and course of diabetes, which is essential information for enhancing patient care and results in this increasingly important
field of medicine.

Keywords: Diabetes; Machine Learning; Random Forest; Early Detection.

How to Cite: Avishek Gupta; Sudeshna Das; Sohini Banerjee (2025). A Novel Random Forest-Based Algorithm for Diabetes
Diagnosis. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(11), 182-187.
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

I. INTRODUCTION necessary action to assist. We can begin data analysis and

algorithmic experimentation to better understand the
However, choosing the appropriate classification beginnings of diabetes.
system is a major challenge in diabetes prediction. This study
tries to enhance the accuracy of diabetes early diagnosis A pattern for identifying diabetes can be created by
through the use of the algorithm known as the Random using part of the patient data from diabetics that has been
Forest model. This study incorporated the stages of data saved in a database to make this prediction [1]. Numerous
collection, data preprocessing, split data, modelling, and fields have made extensive use of machine learning (ML)
assessment. technology [2], particularly in the early identification of
diabetes. As a result, machine learning has been used to
Diabetes Mellitus, or simply Type 2 diabetes, is a tackle several complicated and advanced problems over the
collection of metabolic disorders marked by repeatedly years in several kinds of industries, including natural
elevated blood sugar levels. In medical science, artificial language processing, machine learning, visuals, audio,
intelligence relates to actual medical fields that are properly entertainment, company operations, and commercial
examined and considered from both a technical and medical advertising [3].
standpoint.
The recommended classification method can assist
By bridging the gap between massive data sets and physicians in diagnosing diabetes using an ECG signal that
comprehension by human beings’ data science and machine has a 95.7% accuracy rate, Additional research by [4]
learning are assisting medical professionals in making employed Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and gradient
diagnoses easier. With a dataset that depicts a population at lifting for the detection of diabetes. The results showed that
high risk of developing diabetes, we may start using machine gradient boosting had an accuracy of 86%, logistic regression
learning algorithms for categorization. had an accuracy of 79%, and naive bayes had an accuracy of
77%.
With the use of the medical information we can collect
about individuals, we should be able to better forecast the Additionally, [5] utilizes the models for forecast
likelihood that a person would develop diabetes and take machine learning developed in this work, Regression of

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Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

logistic data, vector machines providing assistance, random  Monitoring:

forests, boot gradient methodologies, naive Bayes, closest Track data drift, concept drift, model performance by
peers, and many more. The best prediction models were subgroup, alerting for degradation, and scheduled retraining
learning-based models based on booted gradients and random with versioning.
forest predictions, which had respective predictive
capabilities of 86.28% and 86.29%. Additionally, studies by III. PROPOSED SYSTEM FLOW CHART
[6] have used predictive analysis to identify Miletus diabetes
early. According to the results, The algorithms exhibiting the  Start
highest specifications comprised the decision tree and
random forest strategies, at 98.20% and 98.00%,  Data Collection:
respectively, and were the most effective for analysing
diabetic data. The best accuracy, according to naive Bayesian  Patient records (e.g., PIMA dataset, lab tests,
results, is 82.30%. Additionally, in comparison using the demographics, medical history).
base-learning datasets for diabetes 130-US hospitals (98%)
and PIMA (92%), which estimate the probability of early-  Data Preprocessing:
stage diabetes (99.6%) [7]. Identified insulin resistance with
the highest accuracy using a newly developed super-learning  Handle missing values
algorithm.  Normalize/standardize features
 Feature selection/reduction
II. METHOD
 Split Dataset
 Data Collection:
Include EHR records, lab test results (glucose, HbA1c),  Training set
demographics, vitals, medication history, lifestyle  Testing/validation set
questionnaires, and optionally wearables.
 Build Random Forest Model
 Preprocessing:
Explicit steps for de-identification, unit standardization,
 Create several decision trees.
outlier detection, and imputing missing values. Log
 Random subsets of attributes were used to instruct each
assumptions for clinical traceability.
tree.
 Feature Engineering:
 Ensemble Learning
Domain-driven features (e.g., glucose variability, BMI
categories), time-window aggregations, interaction terms.
 Aggregate tree outputs using majority voting
(classification)
 Class Imbalance:
Diabetes datasets often have imbalance; consider
 Assessment of the Model
SMOTE, class weighting, and threshold calibration for
clinical sensitivity/specificity trade-offs.
 F1-score, ROC curve, memory, correctness, and
 Modelling: sharpness
Random Forest baseline with hyperparameter tuning
(total_no_trees, maximum_depth, maximum_characteristics,  Diabetes Diagnosis Prediction
minimum_samples_leaf). Consider assembling with other
models if needed.  Output: Diabetic / non-diabetic

 Evaluation Metrics:  End

F1, Specificity, memory (degree of sensitivity),
correctness, sharpness, ROC-AUC, PR-AUC, calibration IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
plots, and clinical utility metrics (NRI, decision curves).

 Interpretability:
Feature importance, SHAP values, partial dependence
plots, and generating clinician-friendly explanations for
predictions.

 Deployment:
Wrap as REST API, integrate into EHR as Clinical
Decision Support (CDS), include UI to display prediction +
explanation, and require clinician sign-off workflows.

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Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

 Performance Metrics Table

 Include:

 F1-score (%)
 ROC curve (%)
 memory (%)
 correctness (%)
 sharpness

V. RESULT ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS

 ROC Curve

 Plot Rate of False Positives versus True Positives

 compare with other classifiers.
 Demonstrates diagnostic ability at different thresholds.

 Confusion Matrix Heatmap

 Shows correctly vs. incorrectly classified diabetic and

non-diabetic patients.
 Easy to interpret class-wise performance.

 Feature Importance Bar Chart

Fig 1 Proposed Diagram of Random Forest Diabetes
Diagnosis.  Ranks features (e.g., glucose, BMI, age, blood pressure)
by contribution in Random Forest.
 Highlights the most significant risk factors.

 Accuracy/Performance Comparison

 Bar chart comparing your proposed method with existing

models.
 Example:

 Random Forest (Proposed) – 92%

 Standard Random Forest – 88%
 Logistic Regression – 82%
 SVM – 85%

 Precision-Recall Curve

 Useful for imbalanced datasets (like diabetes diagnosis).

 Shows trade-off between correctly identifying diabetics.

Fig 2 Work Flowchart of Random Forest Diabetes Diagnosis

Table 1 Performance Metrics

Model correctness sharpness memory F1-Score sharpness
Proposed RF 0.92 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.95
Standard RF 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.91
Support Vector Machine 0.85 0.83 0.84 0.83 0.89
Logistic Regression 0.82 0.8 0.81 0.8 0.86

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Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

 Algorithm:  Feature Importance – highlighting key predictors like

Glucose, BMI, Age.
 ROC Curve – showing diagnostic ability (AUC ~0.95).  Model Accuracy Comparison – Proposed RF vs Standard
 Confusion Matrix – class-wise performance (Diabetic vs RF, SVM, Logistic Regression.
non-diabetic).  Precision-Recall Curve – useful for imbalanced datasets.

Fig 3 ROC Curve Graph

Fig 4 Feature Importance Graph

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Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

Fig 5 Precision-Recall Curve Graph

Fig 6 Confusion Matrix Graph

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Volume 10, Issue 11, November – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: -2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov256

Fig 7 Model Accuracy Comparison Graph

VI. CONCLUSION [2]. S. B. Kotsiantis, I. D. Zaharakis, and P. E. Pintelas,

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