FRUITS AND
VEGETABLE
PROCESSING
IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Course Number: Description Prepared by: G.P.Pantuhan
Contents
1 Problems and Goals
2 Processing Planning
3 Processing Systems
4 Preliminary Studies
PROBLEMS
The raw material producer, due to
insufficient demand, weak
infrastructure, poor transportation,
and perishable nature of the
produce lose, substantial money.
PROBLEMS
During the post-
harvest glut, the loss
is imaginable and
often the fruits have
to be fed to animals
or allow to rot.
Even established fruit
and vegetable
canning factories or
small/medium scale
processing centers
suffer huge loss due
GOALS
The main objective of fruit and
vegetable processing is to supply
wholesome, safe, nutritious and
acceptable food to consumer
throughout the year.
Fruit and vegetable processing
projects also aim to replace import
of products such as squashes,
jams, tomato sauces, pickles, etc.,
besides earning foreign exchange
by exporting finished or semi-
processed products.
GOALS
The fruit and vegetable processing
activities are set up or have to be
established in developing countries
for one or other of the following
reasons:
diversification of the economy, in
order to reduce their present
dependence on import products;
industrialization policy of the
government;
GOALS
reduction of imports and meeting
export demands;
stimulate agricultural production by
obtaining marketable consumer
products;
generate both rural and urban
employment;
reduce fruits and vegetables losses;
GOALS
improve farmers nutrition by self
consumption of processed fruits
and vegetables during the off
season;
generate new sources of income
for farmers/artisans;
develop new value-added
products.
WHAT FAV CAN BE
PROCESSED:
Practically any fruit and vegetable
can be processed, but some
important factors (which determine
whether it is to be processed or not)
are the followings:
the demand for a particular fruit or
vegetable in the processed form;
the quality of the raw material, i.e.
whether it can stand processing;
WHAT FAV CAN BE
PROCESSED:
regular supplies of the raw
material.
To operate a fruits and
vegetables processing center
efficiently it is of utmost
importance, to pre-organize
growth, collection and transport
of suitable raw material, either
on the nucleus farm basis or
using out growers.
PROCESSING PLANNING
The secret of a well planned fruits
and vegetables processing center is
that it must be designed for
operation for as many months
during the year as possible.
A typical processing renter or
factory should process four or five
types of fruits harvested at different
times of the year and two or three
vegetables.
PROCESSING PLANNING
This processing unit must also be
capable of handling
dried/dehydrated finished products,
juices, pickles, tomato juice,
ketchup and paste, jams, jellies and
marmalades, semi-processed fruit
products.
The end result of the effort should
be a well-managed processing unit
with lower initial investment.
LOCATION
The basic objective is to choose
the location which minimizes the
average production cost, including
transport and handling.
An adequate supply of good
water, availability of manpower,
proximity to rail or road transport
facilities and adequate markets
are other important requirements.
PROCESSING SYSTEMS
A. Small-Scale Processing
This is done by small-scale farmers for
personal subsistence or for sale in
nearby markets. In this system,
processing requires little investment:
however, it is time consuming and
tedious.
PROCESSING SYSTEMS
B. Intermediate-Scale Processing
In this scale of processing, a group of small-
scale processors pool their resources.
Processing is based on the technology used
by small-scale processors with differences in
the type and capacity of equipment used.
The raw materials are usually grown by such
processors or purchased on contract from
other farmers.
These operations are usually located at the
site of production to assure raw materials
availability and reduce cost of transport.
PROCESSING SYSTEMS
C. Large-Scale Processing
Processing in this system is highly
mechanized and requires a
substantial supply of raw materials
for economical operation.
This system requires a large capital
investment and high technical and
managerial skills.
Perhaps the most important reason
for failure was lack of adequate
quantity and regular of raw materials
CHOICE OF PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
a. increasing farmer/artisan income by full
utilization of available indigenous raw
material and local manufacturing of part or
all processing equipment;
b. cutting production costs by better
utilization of local natural resources (solar
energy) and reducing transport costs;
c. generating and distributing income by
decentralizing processing activities and
involving different beneficiaries in
processing activities (investors, newly
employed, farmers and small-scale
industry);
CHOICE OF PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
d. maximizing national output by
reducing capital expenditure and
royalty payments;
e. maximizing availability of consumer
goods by maximization of high-
quality, standard processed produce
for internal and export markets,
reducing post-harvest losses, giving
added value to indigenous crops and
increasing the volume and quality of
PRELIMINARY STUDY
Each new fruit and vegetable
processing center needs a good,
specific preliminary study including,
among other considerations, the
following aspects:
1. Raw material availability;
2. Raw material quality adequate
varieties for the types of finished
products that will be
manufactured;
PRELIMINARY STUDY
3. Harvesting and transport practices
and organization from the field to
the processing center;
4. Processing capacity related to raw
material availability: quantities,
seasonability, etc.
5. Processing equipment size /
capacity according to above
mentioned points;
6. Availability of trained operators
and resources to improve their
knowledge;
PRELIMINARY STUDY
7. Availability of work force in the area
and resources for training them in
order to be able to assure adequate
trained operators;
8. Availability of utilities: electricity,
water, etc.
9. Position of the future processing
center as related to raw material fields
and to closest transportation means;
road access, railroad access;
10.Last but not least, market availability
for finished products and for optional
semi-processed products.
Thank
You!
