Aplikasi Aroma Terapi

Pada Asuhan Keperawatan Paliative

Berbasis Evidence Based Nursing Practice
 Definition of “Aromatherapy”
 “Aromatherapy conveys the concept of
healing with aromatic substances.” -
Robert Tisserand
 “Aromatherapy is a caring, hands-on
therapy which seeks to induce relaxation,
to increase energy, to reduce the effects of
stress and to restore lost balance to mind,
body and soul.” - Robert Tisserand
 Definition of “Aromatherapy”
 “Aromatherapy can be defined as the
controlled use of essential oils to maintain
and promote physical, psychological, and
spiritual wellbeing.” Gabriel Mojay
 “Aromatherapy is … the skilled and
controlled use of essential oils for physical
and emotional health and well being.” -
Valerie Cooksley
Hasil penelitian
Hasil
penelitian
 Aplikasi dalam asuhan Keperawatan
Diagnosa NIC Intervensi

Kecemasan Penurunan kecemasan Zikir, SEFT, Relaksasi

(aromaterapi), Murothal
Tehnik penenangan Istighfar, zikir, murothal,
kombinasi cupping th/,
aroma th/ dan music
relaxasi
Nyeri Manajemen nyeri Zikir, SEFT, Relaksasi
Islami, Murothal, cupping
th/, aroma terapi
Gangguan perfusi Stimulasi Murothal , cuping th/,
jaringan: massage aromaterapi
Memory training Membaca Al Qur’an,
aromaterapi
 Where Essential Oils are found?
 Flowers  chamomile, lavender, neroli, rose
 Leaves  eucalyptus, peppermint
 Wood  cedarwood, rosewood,
sandalwood
 Fruits  bergamot, grapefruit, lemon,
orange
 Berries  black pepper, juniper
 Where Essential Oils are found?
 It is interesting to note that
different oil can sometimes be
extracted from different parts of
a particular plant:
 Angelica – seed oil and root oil
 Cinnamon – leaf oil and bark oil
 How do Essential Oils work?

 Essential oils enter the body by two main routes – the nose and the
skin.
 They enter and leave the body efficiently, leaving no toxins behind.

 Essential oils are taken directly into the blood stream; they have a
positive effect on blood circulation, helping to bring oxygen and
nutrients to the tissues whilst assisting in the disposal of carbon
dioxide and other waste materials .
 Nose-brain connection
 The olfactory system, the nose-brain
association, is the most direct
connection we have with the
environment or nature.
 We smell with every breath we take,
constantly monitoring the world around
us, although we are not always
conscious that we are doing so.
 Nose-brain connection
 Our sense of smell is – approximately
10,000 times more sensitive than any
other sensory organ we possess.
 Our nose-brain connection is very
powerful. When we inhale an essential
oil it affects the limbic part of our brain
which is where our emotions and
mood functions are seated.
The Power of our NOSE
 Nose-brain connection
 Aromas and memories are very
strongly linked.
 Perhaps the smell of lavender will
remind you of your favourite
grandmother (or the grandmother
you were not particularly fond of !)
 Nose-brain connection
 Whenever a smell, such as freshly
baked bread, freshly ground coffee
or a perfume that your mother wore,
may evokes a memory.
 All the above happenings are
because of the nose-brain
connection.
Refresh - Memory
 Absorption through the skin
 Our skin (our largest organ) is designed to let some substances in
and to keep others out. Essential oils, unlike many other
substances, are able to penetrate through the skin (via pores and
hair follicles) because of their small molecules.
 Essential oils are absorbed into the bloodstream from where they
may be transported to any organs or structures where they are
needed.
 Absorption through the skin
 Poor circulation, thick toughened skin,
or excessive cellulite or fat may slow
down the rate of absorption.
 Whereas heat (e.g. sauna or massage),
water (e.g. aromatic bath), aerobic
exercise, and broken or damaged skin
will cause increased absorption.
 Absorption through the skin
 Also, the carrier oil used may affect
the absorption rate, since some
vegetable oils are heavier than
others.
 It takes anywhere from 15 minutes
to 12 hours for essential oils to be
fully absorbed.
 Modes of action
 It is important to recognize that
essential oils have three distinct
modes of action with regard to how
they inter-relate with the human body:
 Pharmacological
 Physiological
 Psychological
Serene
 Pseudo-aromatherapy
 Everyday, thousands of consumers
unknowingly purchase pseudo-
aromatherapy products as mass marketers
strive to gain a greater market share of the
Aromatherapy ‘trend’.
 Mass marketers have corrupted the
category and robbed the word
‘Aromatherapy’ of its original meaning and
its authenticity.
 Natural versus ‘Nature Identical’
 Many perfumes or oils, once
obtained from flowers like
Carnation, Gardenia and Lilac, are
nowadays produced almost entirely
synthetically.
 These chemically constructed
products are called ‘nature identical’.
Less is OK
 Special Cautions
 Avoid the following essential oils during
pregnancy: Basil, Cedarwood, Clary Sage,
Clove Bud, Cypress, Fennel, Jasmine, Juniper,
Lemongrass, Marjoram, Peppermint,
Rosemary, Sage, Thyme. For other oils, use
only in half the usual stated amount.
 If prone to epilepsy, do not use Fennel, Hyssop,
Rosemary or Sage as there is a remote chance
that these essences may trigger an attack.
 Special Cautions
 The following oils should not be used
on sensitive skins: Basil, Fennel,
Lemongrass, Lemon, Lemon Verbena,
Melissa, Orange, Peppermint, Thyme.
 If having to drive a long distance after
a massage, do not use Clary Sage,
Marjoram or Ylang Ylang – they can
cause drowsiness.
 Special Cautions
 Some oils can cause photo-sensitization of
the skin, increasing the risk of sunburn.
These include Angelica (root), Bergamot,
Bitter Orange, Cumin, Ginger, Lemon,
Lemon Verbena, Lime, Mandarin, Orange
and Tangerine. They can cause unsightly
pigmentation.
 Clary Sage should not be used while drinking
alcohol.
Aromatic Bath
Foot Bath
 Methods of application
 Aromatic ointment
 Cleaning
 Creams / Lotions / Gels
 Compresses
 Facial steam
 First aid
 Gargles and Mouthwashes
Aromatherapy Products
 Methods of application
 Inhalation / Diffusion / Environmental
fragrancing / Vaporization
 Candle
 Car Aromatherapy diffuser
 Ceramic / Clay / Glass / Metal
Vaporizer or Burner
 Electric pottery diffuser
Aromatherapy Candles
Car Aromatherapy Diffuser
Vaporizer / Burner
Methods of application
 Handkerchief
 Humidifier
 Lamp / Light-bulb ring
 Nebulizer (electronic glass diffuser)
 Room spray / Mist spray / Atomizer
 Tissue paper
Glass Nebulizer / Diffuser
 Methods of application
 Ultrasonic Aromatherapy diffuser
 Water bowl
 Massage
 Natural perfumes
 Neat application
 Powders (rice or corn flour - for foot and
body)
Ultrasonic Aromatherapy Diffuser
Using Diffuser during Meditation
Massage Oil
Relaxation
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Emotion based benefits
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Fear
 Frustration
 Grief
 Hopelessness
 Hysteria
 Insomnia
Anxiety / Depression?
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Emotion based benefits
 Irritability
 Lack of Concentration
 Moodiness
 Nervous Tension
 Panic Attacks
 Poor Memory
 Sadness
 Worry
Release nervous tension
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Medicinal benefits
 Bruises / Sprains / Strains
 Burns (including sunburn)
 Digestive disorders such as Constipation
 Enhance wound healing
 Fatigue
 Fungal infections such as athletes foot and
nail fungus
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Medicinal benefits
 Motion Sickness
 Muscular aches and pains
 Nervousness / Tension / Stress
 Purifying the Air
 Reduce skin inflammation
 Respiratory Conditions including colds, flu,
sore throat, asthma and bronchitis
 Wounds and Scars
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Skincare benefits
 Acne
 Antifungal activity
 Antibacterial activity
 Cellulite
 Dermatitis
 Dry Skin
How can you benefit from essential oils?
 Skincare benefits
 Eczema
 Enhanced wound healing
 Mature Skin
 Psoriasis
 Stretch Marks
 Varicose Veins
 Wrinkles
Pregnancy - Relaxation
 Baby and Child care
 Aromatherapy is invaluable when caring
for young children.
 Careful use of pure, natural essential oils
provides a natural alternative to chemical
drugs.
 Essential oils can be used for everyday
common ailments and as a complementary
treatment for general wellbeing.
 Baby and Child care
 Use with care, in accordance with age:
 Babies (0-12 months) – use 1 drop of
Lavender, Rose, Chamomile or Mandarin
diluted in 1 – 2 tsp base oil for massage or
bathing.
 Infants (1-5 years) – use 2-3 drops of
‘safe’ essential oils (non-toxic and non-
irritant to the skin), diluted in 1tsp base
oil for massage or bathing.
Baby and Child care
 Children (6-12 years) – use as for adults, but in half the stated
amount.
 Teenagers (over 12 years) – use as directed for adults.

 For the bath, use 1 drop of Lavender oil in 1 teaspoon of

carrier oil.
 For massage, blend 1 drop of Lavender or Chamomile oil to
10 ml of carrier oil. These two oils calm the nervous system.
 Beauty and Skin care
 A healthy, glowing skin is the basis for looking and feeling great.

 Using natural products with essential oils, which have nourishing

and healing properties that penetrate the skin, you are on the way
to healthier younger-looking skin.
Aromatherapy Massage
Island Massage Therapy
Relaxing Massage
Relaxation with Aromatherapy & Music
 How are Essential Oils produced?
 Essential oils that have been extracted
via the process of distillation or
expression are the highest grade and
purest and are most commonly used
for the purposes of aromatherapy.
 Oils obtained by solvent extraction are
primarily used by the perfume, herbal
medicine, skincare and food industries.
 How are Essential Oils produced?
 Some plant materials, especially
flowers, are subject to deterioration and
so they should be processed as soon as
possible after harvesting.
 Others including seeds and roots are
either stored or transported for
extraction, often to Europe or America.
 How are Essential Oils produced?
 The method of extraction which is
employed depends on the quality of
the material which is being used, and
the type of aromatic product that is
required.
 Steam distillation is by far the most
widely used and most economical
method.
 Steam distillation process
 The plant is heated by water or steam in
a still which causes the cell structure to
rupture and frees the essential oil.
 The steam carrying the aromatic
molecules is cooled to produce a mixture
of oil and water.
 The essential oil is then separated and
bottled.
 Expression process
 This method of extraction is employed
for obtaining oil from citrus fruits such as
bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime,
orange, mandarin and tangerine, as
their oil is present in the rind of the fruit.
 The expression process was originally
carried out by hand, but now mechanical
presses are employed.
 Other processes
 Other processes do not yield true essential
oils:
 Solvent (alcohol, benzene, hexane)
extraction which produces absolutes,
concretes and resinoids.
 Enfleurage (infusion with fat) which produces
pomades and then enfleurage absolutes. This
process is virtually obsolete today.
Other processes

 Maceration with alcohol which

produces tinctures.
 Carbon dioxide extraction which
employs carbon dioxide under
extremely high pressure to
extract essential oils.
 Other processes (latest)
 Percolation (hydrodiffusion) whereby
steam at atmospheric pressure
disperses throughout the plant material
from the top of the plant chamber.
 Turbodistillation extraction whereby
the plants are soak in water, and steam
circulates through this plant-and-water
mixture.
 Production Of Essential Oils

 Plants contain from 0.01 to 10% essential oil content. The average
amount found in most aromatic plants is about 1 to 2%.
 A 1% yield indicates that 100 kilos of plant material are required to
produce 1 liter of essential oil.
 It is interesting to note that the amount nature has provided in its
original plant form strongly correlates to the amounts used in
aromatherapy applications!
 Internet Resources / Links
 Aromatherapy Global Online Research
Archives (AGORA) Index
http://users.erols.com/sisakson/pages/ago
index.htm
 Aromatherapy and Essential Oils
Information from AromaWeb
http://www.aromaweb.com/
 The National Association for Holistic
Aromatherapy (NAHA)
http://www.naha.org/
 Internet Resources / Links
 Aromatherapy Internet Resources
http://www.holisticmed.com/www/aroma
therapy.html

 Atlantic Institute of Aromatherapy

http://atlanticinstitute.com/
 The International Aromatherapy Journal
& Website
http://www.aromatherapytoday.com/
 References and Suggested Reading
 Aromatherapy an A-Z – Patricia Davis
 Aromatherapy – A Complete Guide to the
Healing Art – Kathi Keville & Mindy Green
 Aromatherapy – The Encyclopedia of Plants
and Oils and How they Help You – Daniele
Ryman
 Aromatherapy for the Beauty Therapist –
Valerie Ann Worwood.
 References and Suggested Reading
 Aromatherapy Massage – Clare Maxwell-
Hudson
 Aromatherapy Massage – Margie Hare
 Sensual Aromatherapy (a lover’s guide to
using aromatic oils and essences) – Nitya
Lacroix
 Secrets of Aromatherapy – Jennie Harding
Aromatherapy Books
 References and Suggested Reading
 The Complete Book of Essential Oils
& Aromatherapy – Valerie Ann
Worwood
 The Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy
– Chrissie Wildwood
 The Encyclopaedia of Essential Oils –
Julia Lawless
Aromatherapy Books