PRESENTATION ON CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH
2019-2020
SUB CODE - RAR-807
SEMESTER - 8th SEMESTER
SUBJECT - THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED TO - AR.SHAHZAD AHMED MALIK
ABOUT CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH -
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928) was a
Scottish architect, designer, water colourist and artist .
Charles Rennie Mackintosh was born at 70 Parson Street, town head,
Glasgow, on 7 June 1868,
Mackintosh grew up in the Townhead and Dennistoun areas of
Glasgow,
His artistic approach had much in common with European
symbolism.
There he did a lot of artistic sketches and observations at a young age
EDUCATION-
He attended reid’s public school and the Allan glen’s instituion.
His education started with an architecture apprenticeship in 1884
to John Hutchison
In the same year he enrolled for architecture evening classes at the
Glasgow School of Art where he met his future wife, Margaret
MacDonald
He also did a painting class from 1884-85
• His classes lead to him becoming a junior
draughtsman in 1889, for the offices of Honeyman
and Keppie – a large architecture firm in Glasgow
• In 1890 he was awarded a travel scholarship for his
work, which funded a trip to Italy. This reinvigorated
him gave him a new perspective for his work
• In 1896 he won a competition to design the new
Glasgow School of Art building, in which the first
wing was completed in 1899
• He soon formed “The Four”, a group of architects
Glasgow school of art
that had also studied at Glasgow School of Art, made
up of himself, Margaret MacDonald, Frances Education Glasgow School of Art
MacDonald and Herbert MacNair Known for Architecture, Art, Design,
Decorative Arts
• They became the leaders of the “Glasgow School” Notable work Glasgow School of Art,
The Willow Tearooms,
movement Hill House,
Queen's Cross Church,
Scotland Street School
• Mackintosh’s work with The Four is what set his
reputation on a wider scale Style Symbolism, Arts and Crafts,
Art Nouveau, Glasgow Style
• In 1904 Mackintosh became a partner of Movement Glasgow Style, Art Nouveau,
Honeyman and Keppie, and in 1907 the second wing Symbolism
of the Glasgow School of Art was completed
IDEOLOGY
Mackintosh held the ideologies of John Ruskin and
AWN Pugin, who championed the gothic revival and
arts and crafts movements - honestly of craft, ethical
design, etc
He was also very much influenced by Japanese
design, he liked the idea of the simple forms and Stained glass window
natural materials used in their designs, Asian style
and emerging modernist ideas also influenced
Mackintosh's designs.
These helped start his own design style: a contrast of
strong right angles and floral decoration
its simple forms and natural materials rather than
. elaboration and artifice; and its use of texture and
light and shadow rather than pattern and ornament.
Chairs designed by charles.R.M
PHILOSOPHY-
philosophy concerned with creating functional and
practical design was emerging throughout Europe:
the so-called "modernist ideas". The main concept of
the Modernist movement was to develop innovative
ideas and new technology: design was concerned
with the present and the future, rather than with Queen cross church
history and tradition.
Heavy ornamentation and inherited styles were
discarded.
Even though Mackintosh became known as the
‘pioneer’ of the movement, his designs were far
removed from the bleak utilitarianism of Modernism.
His concern was to build around the needs of people: Hill house
people seen, not as masses, but as individuals who
needed not a machine for living in but a work of art.
Mackintosh took his inspiration from his Scottish
upbringing and blended them with the flourish of Art
Nouveau and the simplicity of Japanese forms.
Glasgow school of art
JUSTIFICATION THROUGH THE EXAMPLES -
working in architecture, Charles Rennie Mackintosh developed his own style: a contrast between strong
right angles and floral-inspired decorative motifs with subtle curves (for example, the Mackintosh Rose
motif), along with some references to traditional Scottish architecture.
The project that helped make his international reputation was the Glasgow school of art (1897–1909).
Glasgow school of art Willow tearrooms Queen cross church
During the early stages of the Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh also completed the queen’s cross church
in Maryhill, Glasgow.
This is considered to be one of Mackintosh's most mysterious projects.
It is the only church by the Glasgow-born artist to be built and is now the Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Society headquarters. Like his contemporary frank l. wright, Mackintosh's architectural designs often
included extensive specifications for the detailing, decoration, and furnishing of his buildings.
BUILDING EXAMPLES-
1. GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART
2. THE WILLOW TEARROOMS
3. HILL HOUSE
4. QUEEN CROSS CHURCH
5. SCOTLAND STREET SCHOOL
GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART-
Architect Charles rennie mackintosh
Location Glasgow , Scotland
Date 1897 to 1909
Building
college
Type
Constructi
on bearing masonry
System
Climate temperate
Context urban
Style Arts and craft, art nouveau
Notes West wing built second, from 1907 to
1909.
• The pioneers of Glasgow school were the “Glasgow
Four”. Charles Mackintosh, Herbert Macnair, Margret
Macdonald and Frances Macdonald.
• Charles Mackintosh was the leading person
• These four evolved an integrated vocabulary of
decorative forms and an overall look that was uniquely Front view
their own.
• They achieved a pared down version of Art Nouveau
that paved the way for Modernist Minimalism
• A Scottish spirit was infused by means of heathery
colors and mystical Celtic symbols
• The Glasgow four absorbed many influences in an
entirely personalized way to create their own Art
Nouveau language.
• Most of the participants were from Glasgow or trained
here and had strong bond. Interior view
• Architecture, interior designing and painting were the three forms of art that rapidly grow and
nourish in Glasgow and around since the beginning of 1890’s.
• Macdonald sisters were considered as the pioneers of the graphical and abstract paintings in
Glasgow and with collaboration of Mackintosh and Macnair, these four made a remarkable
contribution in the advancement of art in Glasgow.
Plan of glasgow school of art
• In 1896, Mackintosh won the competition for Glasgow school of art.
• This building is a living example of Mackintosh’s own Art Nouveau.
• In this building he used the local gray granite brick, which gives influence of Scottish
architecture, but this version is quite amalgam version on which he mixed some elements of
Japanese architecture and also some other motifs.
Front elevation of glasgow school of art
HE WILLOW TEARROOMS-
The Willow Tearooms are tearrooms at 217 sauchiehall street, Glassgow, scotland, designed
by internationally renowned Ar. Charles rennie mackintosh which opened for business in
October 1903.
Architectural style - ART NOUVEAU
Front elevation Inside view
HILL HOUSE-
Hill House in Helensburgh , Scotland, is one of Charles and margaret macdonald mackintosh's
most famous works, probably second only to the (now destroyed) Glasgow school of art It was
designed and built for the publisher Walter blackie in 1902–1904.
Front elevation Inside view view
The uniform and grayish exterior treatment of the building blends in with an overcast sky.
The completely asymmetrical construction forms different roof levels and shapes, and also
records Mackintosh’s appreciation for A.W.N PUGIN ‘S picturesque utility where the exterior
contour evolves from the interior planning. The minimum decoration, heavy walls, and
rectangular and square windows express a strong, sober construction.
The exterior qualities of the building are nearly the opposite of the warm, exotic, carefully
decorated and smooth interior. Again, Mackintosh relates to Pugin’s theory by minimizing
exterior decoration to emphasize the interior design: the transition from the outside world
into a safe, fantastic inside space.
QUEEN CROSS CHURCH-
Queen's Cross Church is a former church of scotland parish church in glasgow, scotland.It is the
only church designed by Charles rennie mackintosh to have been built; hence, it is also known
as The Mackintosh Church
The roof is made up by the most striking timber-lined barrel vaulted roof, which spans the entire
forty feet of the nave.
The design contains gothic influences, such as the magnificent stained glass blue-heart window,
and pre-Reformation style elements, such as the replica of the original rood beam, which is
unique in Scotland.
It is even possible to find Japanese influences in the double beams and pendants inside the
church.
Front view Stained glass window in interior
space Window detail
SCOTLAND STREET SCHOOL-
Scotland Street School was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh between 1903-1906 for the
School Board of Glasgow. With many features built into the stonework and staircases, there is
something to admire around every corner!
Now as a museum, it tells the story of 100 years of education in Scotland, from the late 19th
century to the late 20th century.
Charles Mackintosh's Scotland Street school in Glasgow
THANK YOU!!!
