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EBV & Poliovirus

Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of 80-90% of infectious mononucleosis cases and is typically transmitted through saliva. Infectious mononucleosis presents with fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytosis, peaking in individuals ages 15-19. While usually self-limiting, rare complications can include airway obstruction, splenic rupture, hepatitis or encephalitis. Poliovirus is an enterovirus where type 1 is the main cause of poliomyelitis. Most infections are asymptomatic but can occasionally cause paralysis, with post-polio syndrome a potential late effect. Prevention relies on polio vaccination while treatment focuses on supportive care and physical therapy.

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137 views10 pages

EBV & Poliovirus

Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of 80-90% of infectious mononucleosis cases and is typically transmitted through saliva. Infectious mononucleosis presents with fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytosis, peaking in individuals ages 15-19. While usually self-limiting, rare complications can include airway obstruction, splenic rupture, hepatitis or encephalitis. Poliovirus is an enterovirus where type 1 is the main cause of poliomyelitis. Most infections are asymptomatic but can occasionally cause paralysis, with post-polio syndrome a potential late effect. Prevention relies on polio vaccination while treatment focuses on supportive care and physical therapy.

Uploaded by

Ikea Balhon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

 A.k.a human herpes virus 4

 The etiologic agent in 80-90% of Infectious


Mononucleosis (IM) cases.

 Most commonly transmitted through saliva,


hence the “kissing disease”.

 There is also evidence of sexual transmission.


Infectious Mononucleosis
 Key Highlights

 Clinical Syndrome usually caused by EBV

 Incidence peaks at ages 15-19 years

 Characterized by fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy,


atypical lymphocytosis

 Often subclinical in young children, worse in adults


Infectious Mononucleosis
 Key Highlights

 Positive heterophile antibody test and serologic test


for antibodies against EBV (VCA-IgM, VCA-IgM, EA,
EBNA) are usually diagnostic

 Treatment is usually symptomatic: supportive care,


good hydration, antipyretics and analgesics

▪ Aspirin should not be given to children: Reye Syndrome


Infectious Mononucleosis

 Key Highlights

 Resolution of the acute illnessis usually followed


by a lifelong latent infection

 Rare but potentially life-threatening complications


include
▪ sever upper airway obstruction, splenic rupture,
fulminant hepatitis, encephalitis, severe
thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia
Polioviruses
Poliovirus

 RNA Enterovirus

 Type 1 Poliovirus is the most common


causative agent of Poliomyelitis

 Usually transmitted through


gastrointestinal-oral transmission
Poliovirus
 Key Highlights

 95 % of infections are usually asymptomatic


▪ Sypmtomatic: minor GI illness

 Hallmark of the major illness: Acute Flaccid Paralysis


(AFP) / paralytic poliomyelitis
▪ Asymmetric paralysis of the affected limb (lower extremities)

 Postpoliomyelitis syndrome: weakness and fatigue in


muscles previously affected in the acute illness.
Poliovirus

 Key Highlights

 Risk Factors
▪ Lack of vaccination, poor sanitation, area of endemic
infection, poverty, immunosupression

 Key Diagnostic Factors


▪ Unimmunized status, residence or travel in endemic
area, decreased tone and motor function, decreased
tendon reflexes, muscle atrophy
Poliovirus
 Key Highlights

 There is NO CURE for poliovirus infection, and treatment is


usually supportive.

 Early physical therapy is key to maximizing and restoring


limb function in paralytic poliomyelitis and in postmyelitis
syndrome

 Oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and inactivated


poliovirus vaccine (IPV) are the cornerstones of prevention.

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