CLASSIFICATION OF

EXCEPTIONALITIES
Welcome, students!
WHAT IS EXCEPTIONALITY?
· The term exceptionalities in
K–12 schooling refers to both
disabilities and giftedness.
· An individual or a child who
has an exceptionality has
some area of functioning in
which he or she is
significantly different from
an established norm.
Cont.

All About Me
This definition includes both students with
disabilities and those with special gifts or
talent.
· Learning disabilities.
· Developmental delays
· Emotional and behavioral disorder
· Communication disorders
· Hearing disabilities
· Visual impairments
· Physical disabilities
 Classifications Of Exceptionalities
Gifted and or Talented Physical Disabilities
Learning Disabilities Health Impairments
Communication Disorder
ADHD/ADD
Emotional Behavior Disorder
Schizophrenia
Hearing Impairment
Visual Impairment
Autism
Traumatic Brain Injury
Mental Retardation
 Gifted and or Talented
· “Gifted and talented children” means those persons between
the ages of four and twenty-one whose abilities, talents, and
potential for accomplishment are so exceptional or
developmentally advanced that they require special provisions
to meet their educational programming needs. Children under
five who are gifted may also be provided with early childhood
special educational services.
· Gifted students include gifted students with disabilities (i.e.
twice-exceptional) and students with exceptional abilities for
potential from all socio-economic and ethnic, cultural
populations. Gifted students are capable of high performance,
exceptional production, or exceptional learning behavior by
virtue of any or a combination of these areas of giftedness:
Learning Disabilities
· Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or
neurobiological factors that alter brain functioning
in a manner which affects one or more cognitive
processes related to learning. These processing
problems can interfere with learning basic skills
such as reading, writing and/or math.  They can also
interfere with higher level skills such as
organization, time planning, abstract reasoning,
long or short term memory and attention.  It is
important to realize that learning disabilities can
affect an individual’s life beyond academics and
can impact relationships with family, friends and in
the workplace.
Communication Disorder
· A communication disorder is
any disorder that affects an individual's
ability to comprehend, detect, or apply
language and speech to engage in
discourse effectively with others. The
delays and disorders can range from
simple sound substitution to the inability
to understand or use one's native
language
ATTENTION DEFICIENT DISORDER(ADD) ATTENTION
DEFICIENT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
· Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) is a
brain disorder that affects how you
pay attention, sit still, and control
your behavior. It happens in
children and teens and can continue
into adulthood. ADHD is the most
commonly diagnosed
mental disorder in children.
 Emotional Behavior Disorder
· An emotional and behavioral
disorder is an emotional disability
characterized by the following: An
inability to build or maintain
satisfactory interpersonal
relationships with peers and/or
teachers. For preschool-age
children, this would include other
care providers.
Schizophrenia
· Schizophrenia is a serious mental
disorder in which people interpret
reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may
result in some combination of
hallucinations, delusions, and
extremely disordered thinking and
behavior that impairs daily
functioning, and can be disabling.
Hearing Impairment Hearing loss, also known
as hearing impairment,
is a partial or total
inability to hear. A
deaf person has little to
no hearing. Hearing
loss may occur in one
or both ears.
Visual impairment, also known
Visual Impairment
as vision
impairment or vision loss, is a
decreased ability to see to a degree
that causes problems not fixable
by usual means, such as glasses.
Some also include those who have
a decreased ability to see because
they do not have access to glasses
or contact lenses.
 Autism
· Autism, or autism spectrum disorder
(ASD), refers to a broad range of
conditions characterized by challenges
with social skills, repetitive behaviors,
speech and nonverbal
communication. Autism is a 
developmental disorder characterized by
difficulties with social interaction and
communication, and by restricted and
repetitive behavior
Traumatic Brain Injury
· Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is
sudden damage to the brain caused by
a blow or jolt to the head. Common
causes include car or motorcycle
crashes, falls, sports injuries, and
assaults. Injuries can range from mild
concussions to severe
permanent brain damage.
 MENTAL RETARDATION
· Mental retardation (MR) refers to substantial
limitations in present functioning. It starts before age
18 and is characterized by significantly sub average
intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with
related limitations in two or more of the following
applicable adaptive skill areas: communication
· self-care home living social skills
community use self-direction health and
safety
· functional academics leisure work
Physical Disabilities
· A physical disability is a physical condition that affects a
person’s mobility, physical capacity, stamina, or dexterity.
This can include brain or spinal cord injuries, multiple
sclerosis, cerebral palsy, respiratory disorders, epilepsy,
hearing and visual impairments and more.
· The causes of a physical disability are also varied. They
usually fall into one of two categories:
· Hereditary/Congenital – where a person has been born with
a physical disability or developed one due to inherited
genetic problems, has suffered an injury at birth, or has
issues with their muscles.
· Acquired – An acquired physical disability could be due to
an accident, infection or disease, or as a side effect of a
medical condition.
Health Impairments A chronic or acute health problem
such that the physiological capacity
to function is significantly limited
or impaired and results in one or
more of the following: limited
strength, vitality or alertness
including a heightened alertness to
environmental stimuli resulting in
limited alertness with respect to the
educational environment.
 How to handle a person with special needs?
1.Practice the Golden Rule
Treat everyone as you would like to be treated. Think of the person first, not their
disability. Don't shy away from people with disabilities - relax and be yourself!

2.Always Ask Before Giving Assistance

Just because a person has a disability, they don't necessarily need or want your
assistance. Never help someone without first asking them.
One woman recalls: "When I walked on crutches, I was once knocked down by two
little old ladies who were going to 'help' me walk on an icy sidewalk. Without
asking, they came up, grabbed me, threw me off balance, and down I went!"
3. Think Before You Speak
Avoid using labels when you speak - they are offensive to
everyone, including people with disabilities. Always use people
first language when writing about or speaking to people with
disabilities.
4.. Avoid Showing Pity or Being Patronizing
· People with disabilities aren't victims. As a person in a
wheelchair said, "I am not a wheelchair victim. Wheelchair
victims are the people I run into with my footrest at the
supermarket."
5.People First Language
Always use positive,
people first language that
empowers rather than
marginalizes people with
disabilities. 
 Behavior · Behavior modification is defined as
"the alteration of behavioral patterns
Modification through the use of such learning
techniques as biofeedback and
positive or negative reinforcement."
More simply, you can modify your
child's behavior with positive
consequences and negative
consequences.
· Behavior modification
is based on the idea
that good behavior
should lead to positive
consequences and bad
behavior should lead
to negative
consequences.
Let Us Be Remind With a
Quotes
Let’s Have a Great Year!