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Sub Lesson 2

1) Circular motion requires a centripetal force, which is provided by gravitational force for objects like the moon orbiting Earth and planets orbiting the Sun. 2) Thrust is a force perpendicular to a surface, while pressure is thrust per unit area. Pressure increases with decreasing surface area. 3) Buoyant force is the upward force a fluid exerts on an object submerged within it. Buoyant force depends on the volume of the object and density of the fluid.

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Ashutosh Kumar Singh
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56 views13 pages

Sub Lesson 2

1) Circular motion requires a centripetal force, which is provided by gravitational force for objects like the moon orbiting Earth and planets orbiting the Sun. 2) Thrust is a force perpendicular to a surface, while pressure is thrust per unit area. Pressure increases with decreasing surface area. 3) Buoyant force is the upward force a fluid exerts on an object submerged within it. Buoyant force depends on the volume of the object and density of the fluid.

Uploaded by

Ashutosh Kumar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUB LESSON-1.

2
Circular Motion & Gravitational Force
Thrust and Pressure
Factors affecting Pressure
Buoyancy & Buoyant Force:
Factors affecting the Buoyant Force
Archimedes’ Principle
Density and Relative Density
Circular Motion & Gravitational Force

In circular motion, a force must act on


body as its direction of velocity changes.
This force is called Centripetal force.

When moon revolves around earth in


circular path, gravitational force of earth
provides the centripetal force to moon for
circular motion,

When planets revolve around Sun,


gravitational force of Sun provides the
centripetal force to planets.
Thrust and Pressure

Thrust: Force exerted by an object


perpendicular to the surface is called
thrust.

Pressure: Pressure is defined as thrust


or force per unit area on a surface.
Pressure = Thrust/Area

SI unit of pressure is
Newton/meter2 (N/m2).

SI unit of pressure is called Pascal (Pa).


Factors affecting Pressure

Pressure depends on two factors:


(i)  Force applied
(ii) Area of surface over which force
acts

Since, pressure is indirectly


proportional to the surface area of the
object, so, pressure increases with a
decrease in surface area and
decreases with an increase in surface
area.
Pressure in Fluids:

Anything that can flow is called Fluid.


Example: liquid and gas.

Molecules of a fluid move randomly and


collide with walls of vessel. Thus fluids apply
pressure on walls.

Fluids exert pressure in all directions.


Buoyancy & Buoyant Force:

•Force applied by the fluid on a solid


which is partially or fully submerged
in liquid, is called the buoyant force
and this phenomenon is named as
buoyancy.

•Buoyant force acts in upward


direction and it depends on the
density of the fluid.
Factors affecting the Buoyant Force:

Magnitude of the buoyant force depends


on two factors:

1) Volume of the object immersed in liquid

2) Density of the liquid


Why does an object sink or float over water?

When an object is immersed in water, it exerts


pressure over water due to its weight. At the same
time water also exerts upward thrust, i.e., buoyant
force over the object.

* If the force exerted by the object is greater than


the buoyant force of water, the object sinks in
water.

* If the force exerted by the object is less than the


buoyant force of water, the object floats over
water.
Archimedes’ Principle:

It states that when a body is


immersed fully or partially in a
fluid, it experiences an upward
force that is equal to the weight
of the fluid displaced by it.
Density (ρ):

•The mass per unit volume is


called density of an object.

•Density (ρ) = Mass(M)/Volume(V)


•SI unit of density = kg/m3
Relative density:
It is the ratio of the density of a
substance to the density of water.

Since relative density is a ratio of similar


quantities, it has no unit.
Applications of density
*If an object has density more than
that of the liquid, it will float over
that liquid.

*If an object has density lower than


that of a liquid, it will sink in that
liquid.

*When the relative density of a


substance is less than 1, it will float
in water otherwise it will sink in
water.

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