WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING
Yarn manufacturing II Seminar
TITLE; Air Jet spinning system
No NAME ID NO.
1 Chala Obsa 201/11
2 Amanuel Solomon 099/11
3 Tsehay Gudeta 824/11 Submitted by group four (4)
4 Haymanot Bantie 427/11 Submitted to; Mr. Fekade D
5 Siltanu Biyabil 745/11
Date; 17/7/2013 E.C
Out line of presentation
Introduction
Objectives of air jet spinning
Operating principle
Feedstock/ creel
Twist insertion mechanism
Drafting arrangement
Binding-in the fibers
Raw material requirement
Yarn characteristics
Effects of some parameters on structure and properties of
vortex spun yarns.
Introduction
Air jet spinning is the process of manufacturing yarn, which is
fasciated yarn , using air jet by false twist, it may called fasciated yarn
spinning or vortex.
It is the process of manufacturing yarn, from draw frame sliver (feed
as a can ) in single strand, and forming yarn in cross wound package,
by using pneumatic system.
Objective: manufacturing of yarn by twisting, attenuating and
parallelizing of fibres which will form a fabric with properties of less
hairiness, moisture absorption, pilling resistant, and wash resistant
Air jet spinning machine
Operating principle of air jet spinning machine
As shown in Fig.-3, a draw frame sliver feed from
a can (1) is passed to a drafting arrangement (2),
where it is attenuated by a draft in the range of
100-200.
The fiber strand delivered then proceeds to two air
jets (3 and 4) arranged directly after the drafting
arrangement.
The second jet (4) is the actual false twist element.
The air vortex generated in this jet, twists the
strand as it passes through.
So that the strand rotates along a screw-thread path
in the jet, achieving rotation speeds of about 250
000 rpm. Air jet spinning principle by murata MVS
Cont.
Since the first vortex acts against the twist
direction generated by the second jet,
it prevents the edge fibers from being twisted
in to the core or even twists them in the
opposite direction around the core fibers.
As the strand runs through the second jet, the
following occurs.
The turns of twist generated by the jet (4) are
canceled in accordance with the false-twist
law.
The core fibers, i.e. the vast majority, no
longer exhibit any twist; these fibers are
arranged in parallel.
Fig. 4
Cont.
On the other hand, the edge fibers receive twist in the
direction imparted by the jet (4), as determined by the
law of false twist;
They are therefore wound around the parallel fiber
strand.
They bind the body of fibers together and ensure
coherence.
The resulting bundled staple-fiber yarn passes from
the take-off rollers (6) ( in Fig-3 ) through a yarn
suction device(7)and,
An electronic yarn clearer (8) before being wound on
to a cross-wound package (9).
Feedstock /creel
Draw frame sliver is suitable as feedstock.
On account of the maximum draft of 200 in the drafting
arrangement, relatively fine strands are needed.
The sliver mass is in the region of 3 g/m (3 ktex).
Drafting unit ( arrangement )
Four-line double-apron drafting
arrangements are used, which permit drafts
of 65-220.
The fiber strand is merely attenuated.
In the pre-draft zone there is a draft ratio
between 1.57 and 2.10.
The draft ratio in the break draft zone is
variable in the range of 1.2 to 2.4.
As the aprons provide efficient fiber speed
control, the drafting distance in the main
draft zone is not adjustable, cleaning is done 5
by pneumatically.
Twist insertion mechanism
In vortex, twist insertion process of spinning a staple yarn, a
strand of fibres is held on one end while strand is made to rotate
on its axis.
The rotation of the strand causes the fibres to adopt helical forms
and increases the number of turns of twist.
With the insertion of the twist, the fibres are packed together to
form a continuous yarn with special structure and properties.
The center of the yarn is not twisted. Twisting is given toward
the outer side of the yarn, twisting at the center of the yarn is
loose, while the outer side is fully twisted.
Cont.
Twist jets : the two nozzle Air-jet spinning principle uses two jets in
sequence.
The twist level in the yarn is dependent up on;
• Speed and,
• The air pressure in the jets.
Binding - in the fibers
Coarse yarns can not be produced by two nozzle Air-jet spinning.
This is due to the geometrical ratio between the surface area of a yarn
and its cross-section.
The coarser yarns, more difficult for the wrapping fibers on the surface
to bind the increasing number of core fibers together effectively.
Cont.
Influence can be exerted on the binding action, the spinning
conditions, and the yield primarily via:
The raw material;
The width of the fiber strand leaving the drafting arrangement;
The spinning draft;
The spinning tension between the front roller and the take-off
rollers;
The air pressure in the jets; and
The twist relationship between the first and second jets.
Raw material requirement
The process has so far been restricted to spinning
Pure synthetic fibers,
Blends of synthetic fibers, or
Blends of synthetic with cotton fibers
Pure combed yarn(in some case).
The fibers should have:
High strength
Fairly high fiber-to-fiber friction;
Low bending stiffness;
Low resistance to twist; and
Only a small proportion of short fibers.
Yarn characteristics
The yarn character is slightly different from that of ring
spun yarn. It is somewhat:
Weaker;
Stiffer; and
Harder.
Additional points of comparison with ring-spun yarn
are:
Advantage(positive):
Good evenness (like ring-spun yarn);
Good abrasion resistance;
Low tendency to pilling;
Low snarling tendency;
Shrinkage similar to that of ring-spun yarn.
Cont.
Dis advantage(Negative):
Higher resistance to bending;
Slightly lower covering power;
Wrapping fibers not uniformly distributed over the
length;
A large number of wrapping turns impart more
strength but at the same time greater hardness.
Spinning nozzle
The spinning nozzle is basically the yarn formation element.
Compressed air at up to 0.6Mpa enters the actual spinning
chamber through 4small bores, thus creating a very strong air
vortex (see Fig-6).
At the outlets of the bores, this air vortex has a rotation speed of
up to 1 000 000rpm.
The vortex performs two functions through this high speed:
Generation of a vacuum and thereby an air flow through the
fiber feed channel;
Rotation of the free fiber ends around the spindle tip.
Cont.
Fig.6 Nozzle area (Reiter J 10)
Cont.
The fiber ends which have been split off from the main fiber
flow between drafting unit and spindle entry eventually form a
kind of fiber sun around the spindle tip (Fig-6).
In order to transform these fiber ends into wrapping fibers,
they are rotated by the air vortex, and rotates at speed of over
300000rpm.
In addition to generating twist, the rotation of the fiber ends
also creates spinning tension in the yarn, i.e. tension in the
yarn between nozzle and take-up rollers.
winding
The winding system has to be capable of handling the high yarn
production speeds of the Air-jet spinning machine, i.e. upto
450m/min.
The delivery speed in Air-jet spinning is at least double that in
rotor spinning, this leads to a limitation of the possible number
of spinning positions per machine side,
due to the large increase in mass forces in the traversing system
with increasing numbers of spinning positions and increasing
winding speeds.
Automation
Automation in air jet deals with the following
functions:
Repairing yarn breaks yarn clearer;
Doffing full yarn packages;
Insert empty tubes and start spinning and
yarn length measuring device.
Yarn structure
Air-jet yarns have a fasciated (core /sheat) structure.
In fact, Air-jet spun yarns consist of a core of essentially parallel
fibers without any twist, which is surrounded and bound together
by wrapping fibers.
Fig. 7 yarn structure
Cont.
These wrapping fibers provide compression forces in the core
and thereby the necessary fiber friction in order to achieve the
desired yarn strength.
As the wrapping fibers in Air-jet yarns account for 15 to 30 %
of the total yarn mass, the core fibers are virtually completely
covered by the wrapping fibers,
so that Air-jet spun yarns look very much like a fully twisted
yarn, such as a ring-spun yarn.
Cont.
The particular structure of the Air-jet spun yarns influences the yarn
properties, off course.
These properties are mainly determined by two parameters:
1. The percentage of wrapping fibers; influenced by the spinning
draft, by the distance L (Fig-8.) and the flow rate of the
compressed air.
Fig-8. fiber transport from front roller
Cont.
With an increase in distance L, more fiber ends have the chance to
be separated from the main fiber flow, and thus more wrapping
fibers are generated.
2. The twist level of the wrapping fibers: influenced by spinning draft.
For given nozzle conditions, the fiber sun rotates at virtually
constant speed.
An increase in the yarn delivery speed must therefore lead to a
reduction in the wrapping twist level.
L is the distance between the outlet nip of the drafting unit and the
spindle.
Effects of some parameters on structure
and properties of vortex spun yarns
Nozzle pressure
Yarn delivery speed
Effect of draft ratio
The distance ( L) between front roller nip point and the spindle.
Nozzle angle
Spindle diameter and spindle working period
Yarn count
Fiber Composition
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