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WEE
CIVIL SOCIETY AND
K 17 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Think about the country that you
live in - what does it take to make
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MEANING OF that country operate smoothly? The
government takes care of law and
CIVIL order and businesses offer goods
SOCIETY and services in exchange for money,
which both help to keep a society
moving. But what about other
WHAT groups, like churches or the PTA,
DEFINES A how do they contribute to your
society? These other groups actually
CIVIL play a very big part in how your
country operates, and they fall into
SOCIETY?
Presentation Title
a category known as civil society.
2
Initially, Civil Society used to be defined as a political
community i.e., a society governed by the government, law
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and authority. In contemporary times, however, Civil
Society is distinguished from the state and political
community. It means nongovernmental, private,
voluntarily organized associations or institutions of the
people, through which they try to secure their needs,
desires and objectives.
What Is Civil Society?
3
Such associations and organizations work 20XX
independently of the government. Civil Society
even opposes the wrong politics, decisions and
projects of the government. In doing so the civil
society depends upon constitutional, peaceful
and legal method of action.
What Is Civil Society?
4
DEFINITIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY 20XX
Civil Society is used to Civil Society is the set of
intermediate
collectively refer to the associations which is
voluntary organizations’ neither the state nor the
corporate bodies, family, but which plays
socially active groups, an active and positive
role in social, economic,
and firms working in and cultural activities.
each society. 5
DEFINITIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY 20XX
"Civil society refers to "a Civil Society includes all
private organizations of
realm of associations, the people. Press,
business, interest professional associations
groups, classes’ families of the people, Human
Right groups and
and so on.“
organizations, voluntary
-Andrew Heywood social service
organizations 6
DEFINITIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY 20XX
Civil Society refers to the A civil society is
effective presence of non- comprised of groups or
governmental autonomous
organizations working in
the interest of the
groups and associations,
citizens but operating
business groups, interest outside of the
groups, trade unions, governmental and for-
voluntary social service profit sectors.
organizations. 7
PICTURE SLIDE
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FEATURES OF CIVIL SOCIETY: 20XX
1. Civil Society consists of non-governmental, voluntarily organized associations,
organizations and institutions of the people.
2. Civil Society is different from both the State and Society.
3. Civil Society is, however, neither opposed to state nor to society. On the contrary it
works as a supplementary to each of the two. It, however, works in an organized and
autonomous way.
4. A healthy and efficient democratic system needs and integrates civil society, society
and state.
5. Civil Society is constituted by the well-organized and active presence of a number of
social, economic and cultural associations and groups of the people.
6. Both Liberalism and Marxism accept and advocate the role of Civil Society but each
conceptualizes it in a different way.
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B. ROLES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY: 20XX
1. Civil Society as an instrument for securing rights
and interests of the people:
Civil Society works for discharging several economic,
social, cultural, moral and other responsibilities
which fall in the domain of private activities. It is not
a part of government and yet it serves the purpose of
securing the rights, general welfare and development
of all the people of the state.
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B. ROLES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY: 20XX
2. Growing Strength and Role of Civil Society in our Country:
In our country the Civil Society has been becoming more and more
aware, alert and active. The continuous presence and successful
working of Indian liberal democratic political system, the spread of
literacy, the freedom of mass media, the existence of a very broad based
decentralized local self-government system, the presence of a direct,
homogeneous and democratic process of Political Socialization and
people's full commitment to liberal democracy have been together
helping the Civil Society to become increasingly active and strong.
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B. ROLES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY: 20XX
3. Need of Civil Society in Undemocratic States:
Civil Society is needed even in an authoritarian system
because it can help the process of overthrow of the
authoritarian regime and replace it with a democratic
system. The Civil Society, particularly the Bar Association of
Pakistan, played a key role in 2008 to compel General
Parvez Musharraf to accept the demand for holding
democratic and free elections for constituting a democratic
government capable of developing Pakistan as a democratic
state and society.
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Slide Subtitle
or Picture
Caption
SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
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CONCEPT OF SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS:
Social movements are a type of group
action. They are large, sometimes informal,
groupings of individuals or organizations
which focus on specific political or social
issues. In other words, they carry out, resist,
or undo a social change.
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MEANING OF SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS:
“A collectively acting group with
some continuity to promote or
resist a change in the society or
group of which it is a part”.
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MEANING OF SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS:
“A form of dynamic pluralistic
behavior which progressively develops
structure through time and aims at
partial or complete modification of the
social order.” -Anderson and Parker
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MEANING OF SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS:
“A voluntary association of people
engaged in concerted efforts to
change attitudes, behavior and social
relationships in a larger society.”
-Lundberg
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D. FEATURES OF THE SOCIAL
MOVEMENT:
a. It is an effort by a group
b. Its aim is to bring or resist a change in society
c. It may be organized or unorganized
d. It may be peaceful or violent
e. Its life is not certain. It may continue for a long period or it may die out soon.
Causes of Social Movements:
Social movements do not just happen. It is social unrest
which gives rise to a social movement.
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FACTORS CAUSING SOCIAL UNREST
AMONG SOCIETIES:
Cultural Drifts:
The society is undergoing constant changes. The values and
behavior are changing in all civilized societies. In the course of
cultural drift most of the people develop new ideas. To get
these ideas operative in society they organize a movement. The
development of a democratic society, the emancipation of
women, the spread of mass education, the removal of
untouchability, equality of opportunity for both the sexes,
growth of secularism are the examples of cultural drift.
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FACTORS CAUSING SOCIAL UNREST
AMONG SOCIETIES:
Social Disorganization:
A changing society is to some extent disorganized
because changes in different parts of society do not
take place simultaneously. One-part changes more
rapidly than the other producing thereby numerous
lags. Industrialization has brought urbanization which
has in its turn caused numerous social problems.
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FACTORS CAUSING SOCIAL UNREST
AMONG SOCIETIES:
Social Injustice:
When a group of people feel that injustice has been done to it they
become frustrated and alienated. Such feeling of injustice provides
fertile soil for social movements. The feeling of social injustice is not
limited to the miserable poor. Any group, at any status level may
come to feel itself the victim of social injustice. A wealthy class may
feel a sense of injustice when faced with urban property ceiling Act
or high taxes intended to benefit the poor. Social injustice is a
subjective value judgment. A social system is unjust when it is so
perceived by its members.
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The People More Susceptible to Social
Movements:
1.Mobile and have little chance to become integrated into the life of
the community
2.Not fully accepted and integrated into the group and are termed
marginal
3.Isolated from the community
4.Threatened by economic insecurity and loss of social status
5.Free from family responsibilities or are estranged from their families
6.Maladjusted.
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The Sequence Pattern of Social Movements:
1.First, there is unrest and discontent in some part of the
population. A small group of individuals becomes conscious
of the need for a change, voices its feelings and opinions,
and sets out to influence the opinions and emotions of
others and prepare them for a reform.
2.Then, thereafter, there is a period of growth in following. A
preliminary organization is affected and the program is
restated in more popular and appealing terms.
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The Sequence Pattern of Social Movements:
3. Then follows a more systematic effort to gain supporters. There is a
formal campaign. Backed by the enlarged following and increased
propaganda the leaders eventually exert pressure on those in authority.
4. The program is either accepted or rejected, or partly accepted and
partly rejected. If accepted, necessary institutional changes are made; if
rejected the movement either collapses or reorganizes for a new trial of
strength at a later date.
Thus, most completed movements pass through four stages of unrest,
excitement, formalization and institutionalization.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
1. Migratory Movement:
Migratory movement takes place when a large number of people leave
one country and settle at some other place. The reason for mass
migration may be discontent with present circumstances or the
allurement of a bright future. Mere migration of people does not mean
migratory movement.
There is a migratory social- movement only when there is a common
focus of discontent, a shared purpose or hope for the future and a
widely shared decision to move to a new location. The Zionist
movement, the movement of Jews to Israel was a migratory social
movement. Similarly, the movement of people from East Germany to
WestTitleGermany can be called migratory social movement.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
2. Expressive Movement
When people are faced with a social system from which
they cannot flee and which they feel powerless to change,
the result is an expressive social movement. In an
expressive social movement, the individual comes to
terms with an unpleasant external reality by modifying
his reactions to that reality. He somehow makes life
bearable. He tries to ignore the miserable present and
fixes his gaze upon a glorious future. The Hippie
movement is an expressive social movement.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
4. Reform Movement:
The reform movement is an attempt to modify some parts of
the society without completely transforming it. Reform
movements can operate only in a democratic society where
people have freedom to criticize the existing institutions and
may secure changes. The movements to abolish untouchability,
dowry system, preserve wild life, control population growth
are reform movements. The total revolution movement led by
J. P. Narayan was a reform movement. The movement led by
J. P. Narayan was a reform movement.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
5. Revolutionary Movement:
The revolutionary movement seeks to overthrow the existing
social system and replace it with a greatly different one. The
reform movement wants to correct some imperfections in the
existing social system but a revolutionary movement wants to
root out the system itself. Revolutionary movement’s flourish
where reform is blocked so that revolution remains the
people’s only alternative to their present misery. The
communist movements in Soviet Russia and China were
revolutionary movements.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
6. Resistance Movement:
The resistance movement is an effort to block a
proposed change or to uproot a change already
achieved. The revolutionary movement arises because
people are dissatisfied with the slow rate of social
change whereas resistance movement arises because
people consider social change too fast. The D. M. K.
movement against Hindi can be termed resistance
movement.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
6. Resistance Movement:
The resistance movement is an effort to block a
proposed change or to uproot a change already
achieved. The revolutionary movement arises because
people are dissatisfied with the slow rate of social
change whereas resistance movement arises because
people consider social change too fast. The D. M. K.
movement against Hindi can be termed resistance
movement.
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Common Features between Civil Society and
Social Movement
Social movements and civil society have
structures like organizations a well
identified leadership and ideology. Civil
society initiatives and social movements are
social processes which undergo several
stages of progression from mobilization to
intensive collective action.
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Common Features between Civil Society and
Social Movement
Social movements and civil societies pledge for change in
the established order of society. However, some of them also
work to resist change in society. They both occupy civil
space in society. The creation of new collective identity is an
essential part of both social movements and civil society.
They are based on identified ideological choices.
They are initiated by enterprising people for the
maximization of specific interests. Here both processes can
be taken over by the state.
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Common Features between Civil Society and
Social Movement
Social movements are broader categories or
agencies. At times it even looks for radical
change by attacking the existing structure of the
society. Civil society looks for gradual change
within the existing arrangement. Civil society at
times asks political questions and political
solutions through developmental activities.
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