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LESSON 2:
THE DISCIPLINE
OF COUNSELING
WHAT IS COUNSELING?
The process of guiding a person
during a stage of life when
reassessments or decisions have to be
made about himself or herself and his
or her life course.
WHAT IS COUNSELING?
Their job is to give advice or guidance in
decision-making in emotionally significant
situations by helping clients to explore and
understand their world and discover better
ways and well-informed choices in
resolving an emotional or interpersonal
problems.
WHAT IS COUNSELING?
Counseling is widely considered the heart
of the guidance services in schools. It
usually done as individual or group
intervention designed to facilitate positive
change in student behavior, feelings and
attitudes.
GOALS AND SCOPE
OF COUNSELING
GOALS
Enhancing coping skills
Improving relationship
Facilitating client potential
Promoting decision-making
Promoting positive behavior
SCOPE
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
1. Adolescent identity
2. Anxiety
3. Anger and Stress Management
4. Depression
5. Gender: identity, sexuality and homosexuality.
SCOPE
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
6. Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamic
7. Sexual abuse recovery
8. Senior: challenges, limitations, transitions.
9. Singles: single, newly single, single through divorced
or being widowed.
10. Grief and bereavement.
SCOPE
MARITAL AND PREMARITAL COUNSELING
1. Marital and relational dynamics
2. Extended family relationship
3. Fertility Issue
SCOPE
FAMILY COUNSELING
1. Adolescent and child behaviors dynamics
2. Adult children
3. Divorce and separation issued and adjustment
4. Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict,
communication
5. Family of origin / extended family issues
SCOPE
FAMILY COUNSELING
6. Life stages and transitions
7. Parenting patterns: blended, single, co-parenting
families
8. Remarriage relationship counseling
CONTEXT AND
BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COUNSELING
NATURE
VS
NURTURE
Urie Brofenbrenner
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY /
BIOECOLOGICAL MODEL
1. MICROSYSTEM
2. MESOSYSTEM
3. EXOSYSTEM
4. MACROSYSTEM
5. CHRONOSYSTEM
MICROSYSTEM
PEERS AS CONTEXT
NEIGHBORHOOD AS CONTEXT
CULTURE AS CONTEXT
COUNSELING AS CONTEXT
1. CLIENT FACTORS
2. COUNSELOR FACTORS
3. CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
4. PROCESS FACTORS
PEERS AS CONTEXT
Friends’ attitudes, norms and behaviors
have a strong influence on adolescents.
Parents can much have influence over the
adolescent children.
Critical family issues involve family roles,
both positively and negatively.
NEIGHBORHOOD AS CONTEXT
The behavioral problems in this
particular neighborhood require that
families work against crime and social
isolation that may affect them.
CULTURE AS CONTEXT
Culture provided meaning and coherence of
life to any orderly life such as community
or organization.
Understanding the cultural context of a
client makes it easier for a counselor to
appreciate the nature of their struggles.
COUNSELING AS CONTEXT
Regardless of therapeutic approach in use, the
counseling situation in itself is a context.
There is a deliberate specific focus, a set of
procedures, rules, expectations, experiences, and
a way of monitoring progress and determining
results in any therapeutic approach.
These factors should be managed well toward
the success of engagement:
CLIENT FACTORS – He / She is not a passive object
receiving treatment in manner of a traditional doctor –
patient situation.
Counselor Factors – The personality, skills, and
personal qualities of a counselor can significantly impact
the outcomes of the counseling relationship.
Contextual Factors – The context in which counseling
takes place can define the outcome.
These factors should be managed well toward
the success of engagement:
PROCESS FACTORS – The process constitute the
actual counseling undertaking.
a. Developing trust
b. Exploring problem areas
c. Helping to set goals
d. Empowering into action
e. Helping to maintain change
f. Agreeing when to end the helping relationship.
PRINCIPLES AND
CORE VALUES OF
COUNSELING
CORE VALUES
RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY
1. Unconditional positive regard
2. Compassion
3. No-judgmental attitude
4. Empathy
5. Trust
CORE VALUES
PARTNERSHIP
1. Sensitivity
2. Integrity
3. Openness
CORE VALUES
AUTONOMY
1. Respect for confidentiality and trust
2. Ensuring a safe environment
CORE VALUES
RESPONSIBLE CARING
1. Respecting the potential of every human
being to change and to continue learning.
CORE VALUES
PERSONAL INTEGRITY
1. Reflection of honesty and truthfulness
CORE VALUES
SOCIAL JUSTICE
1. Accepting and respecting the diversity of
the clients.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
1. Advice
2. Reassurance
3. Release of emotional tension
4. Clarified thinking
5. Reorientation
6. Listening skills
7. Respect
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
8. Empathy and positive regard
9. Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation
10. Transference and countertransference
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