UNIT-2
Crop Models
• Efficient crop production technology is based on a right
decision at right time in a right way.
• Traditionally crop production functions were derived from
conventional experienced base agronomic research
• Where crop yield were related to some defined variable based
on correlation and regression or regression analysis.
• Agriculture models are, however, only crude representations
of the real systems
• Incomplete knowledge resulting from the inherent complexity
of the systems.
• Judicious use of such model is possible only if the user has a
sound understanding of model structure, scope and limitation.
Models in agriculture
• Agricultural models are mathematical equations that represent
the reactions that occur within the plant and the interactions
between the plant and its environment.
• Owing to the complexity of the system and the incomplete
status of present knowledge, it becomes impossible to
completely represent the system in mathematical terms.
Features of crop models
• The main aim of constructing crop models is to obtain an
estimate of the harvestable (economic) yield.
• According to the amount of data and knowledge that is
available within a particular field, models with different levels
of complexity are developed.
Types of crop models
1. Empirical model
• Direct descriptions of observed data
• Expressed as regression equations (with one or a few factors)
and are used to estimate the final yield.
• Examples of such models include the response of crop yield to
fertilizer application, the relationship between leaf area and
leaf size in a given plant species.
• Limitation of this model is site specific, it can not used
universally.
2. Statistical models
• These models represent relationship between yield
components and weather parameters.
• Statistical techniques are used to estimate the
relationship.
• A stochastic model incorporates random variables to
produce many different outcomes under diverse
conditions
Dynamic models
• Time is included as a variable.
• Output is a function of time.
• Both dependent and independent variables have values which
remain constant over a period of time.
Deterministic models
• Gives the same exact results for a particular set of inputs, no
matter how many times you re-calculate the model.
• Here, the mathematical properties are known.
• None of them is random.
• There is only one set of specific values and only one answer or
solution to a problem.
• With a deterministic model, the uncertain factors are external
to the model.
• Variations due to inaccuracies in recorded data and to
heterogeneity in the material being dealt with, are inherent to
biological and agricultural systems.
• In certain cases, deterministic models may be adequate despite
these inherent variations but in others they might prove to be
unsatisfactory e.g. in rainfall prediction.
• Empirical models are based on direct observation,
measurement and extensive data records.
• Mechanistic models are based on an understanding of the
behavior of a system's components.
• For example, you can observe the change of the tides over
many years, and construct an empirical model that allows you
to predict when tides will occur, with no understanding of how
the earth, moon and sun interact. You can also create a
mathematical, mechanistic model that uses the laws of physics
to predict tides.
References
• https://www.slideshare.net/mohammedjazeel2/computer-applications-incropproduction?qid=6
ab6b989-1021-49f9-8fe1-53a7da97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=45
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0YHb0Q_q-o
• Tutorial: Seasonal analysis using DSSAT 4.5 (2/2). Class Crop models, U. Cordoba
• https://www.slideshare.net/ChongthamAllaylayDev/crop-modeling-and-stress?qid=6ab6b989-1021-
49f9-8fe1-53a7da97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=3
• https://www.slideshare.net/folorunsoakinseye/akinseye-final?qid=6ab6b989-1021-49f9-8fe1-53a7da
97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=7
• https://www.slideshare.net/sunilkumarmedida/crop-simulation-models-a-research-tool?qid=6ab6b98
9-1021-49f9-8fe1-53a7da97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=8
• https://www.slideshare.net/cgiarclimate/crop-modelling-with-the-dssat?qid=6ab6b989-1021-49f9-
8fe1-53a7da97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=18
• Crop models-Concepts & techniques, types of crop models, data requirements, relational
diagrams
• https://www.slideshare.net/Arpnabajpai1/crop-growth-modelling?qid=6ab6b989-1021-49f9-8fe1-53
a7da97f8d7&v=&b=&from_search=54
