Background: from the book of Old Manila by Carlos Quirino
Lesson 1:
Introduction
to History
Background: from the book of Old Manila by Carlos Quirino
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Learning Outcomes
Understand Appreciate Differentiate
the meaning and the importance of Historiography
use of history History and Historical
method
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
01
Meaning and Relevance of History
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Definition of History
1 2 3
Derived from the Greek noun Sum total of what happened in History - chronological record
ἱστορία the past – every event, every of significant events, the
action, and every thought that study of past events.
ἱστορία (historia) = learning; a human being has done. -
Inquiry Webster’s Vest Pocket
The act of analyzing and Dictionary(Springfield:
writing about the past Merriam
“the past of mankind”
Webster, Inc., Publishers), p. 149
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding
History
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Definition of History
is the continuous process of interaction between the
historian and his facts, an unending dialogue
between the present and the past
History means interpretation
Edward Hallett Carr
was an English historian,
diplomat, journalist and
international relations theorist History is what the historian makes
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Definition of History
saysay (narrative or salaysay)
saysay (relevance, importance)
Zeus Salazar
a Filipino historian and
Salaysay na may saysay para sa sinasalaysayang
proponent of Pantayong
Pananaw, a self-reflective view grupo ng tao (Relevant stories/narrative of the
in the study of Philippine history people)
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Reasons to study History
1 2
It provides us the opportunity
to revisit the richness of
Act of leaping from one forgotten cultures of past
epoch to another civilizations and reliving it in
the present
3 4
It gives one the chance to Gives time-travelling feeling
step into the life of every through passages and
person being studied. imagining things
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Reasons to study History
History helps us understand people and societies
History helps us understand change and how society
we live in came to be
History contributes to moral understanding
Peter Stearns History provides identity
was chair of the Department of
History at Carnegie Mellon
University. In addition, he
founded and edited the Journal Studying History is Essential for Good Citizenship
of Social History.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
02
Historiography and Historical Method
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Historical Reconstruction
Some events from the
past have been removed
by historians through
investigation.
Historians rely on
surviving AND
AVAILABLE records.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Historical Method
Collection of techniques and guidelines
that historians use for research and to
write history.
This the process of critically examining
and analyzing sources and records for
its authenticity and credibility. Rules are
being used to settle conflicts of different
historical accounts.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Historical Method
Examine the
01 Select the subject to
genuineness, in part or
03
investigate.
in whole.
Important
Elements
Collect probable Extract credible
sources of information particulars from the
02 on the subject. sources. 04
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Definition of Historiography
1 2 3
Historiography is the art of Refers to the theory and The imaginative reconstruction
writing. history of historical writing. of the past from the data
derived by that historical
- Cortez. R.M. (1991) History and State of the - Sebastioan, R. Philippine Historiography: Issues method.
Discipline of History or Historiography and Trends
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
WHY CAN'T WE ACCESS THE ENTIRE
PAST?
• The Past: Not all events are Important
enough to be observed (ex. What time do
you brush your teeth?)
• Events Observed: Some observed events
were not important enough to be recorded,
or happened to people without any written
language or artifacts
• Events Recorded: Not all records survived
(due to the elements)
• Surviving Records: Not all surviving
records are available (due to data privacy or
archival rules, especially those involving
living or recently dead people)
• Available records: Not all records meet the
needs of historians
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Father of Filipino
nationalist historiography
He wrote about the historical conditions of the Philippines by
analyzing the state of the masses. This historiography would be
continued by Renato Constantino.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Father of Filipino
nationalist historiography
Agoncillo's historiography was necessary to decolonize our
history, but other historians have moved beyond (ex. Jim
Richardson)
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Philippine Historiography
Issues
Sa Aking mga Kababata
Not written by Rizal
Language not appropriate for
the period
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Philippine Historiography
Issues
1896 Philippine Revolution
Traditional historians: Philippine Revolution of 1896
spread like wildfire to the provinces surrounding Manila.
The majority of
Pampangueños remained
loyal to Spain.
Pangasinan did not rise up in
arms at all.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Remember
Historian Different historians reach different
1 conclusions about the same period, event
or issue.
Understanding There is no single understanding of truth
2 in history.
History History is composed of competing and
3 conflicting arguments and viewpoints and
is always changing.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
Acknowledgment/References:
• Ma. Florina Orillos-Juan, Ph.D. Department of History, De la Salle University Manila
• Gottschalk, L.(1969). Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method. New York: A.A. Knopf
• Howell, M. & Walter, P.(2001).From Reliable Sources:An Introduction to Historical Methods.Ithaca, New York:Cornell University
Press.
• Bauzon, L. (1978). Local History: Rationale, Problems, and Prospects. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 157-165.
MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
