INTERNATIONAL

RELATIONS
Presented by: Group 11
TOPICS

1 2 3 4
War and International
Definition Models of
International Law and
of terms Analysis Relations Organization
What is International Relations?
 International Relations

- Is the study of the interaction of

nation-states and non-governmental
organizations in fields.
- advances human culture through
cultural exchanges, diplomacy and
policy development.
- Promotes successful trade policies
between nations.
International Relations
- has a broad purpose in contemporary society:
1. it seeks to understand the origins of war and the
maintenance of peace.
2. the nature and exercise of power within the global
system.
3. the changing character of state and non-state
actors who participate in international decision-
making.
MODELS OF
ANALYSIS IN
INTERNATION
AL RELATION
MODELS OF ANALYSIS

REALISM IDEALISM CONSTRUCTIVI

SM
 REALISM THEORY IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The realism theory in international relations is a theory that

states that the state and its security is the most important
factor of international relations.

Realism is a theory that claims to explain the reality of

international politics. It emphasizes the constraints on
politics that result from humankind’s egoistic nature and
the absence of a central authority above the state.
The main tenets of realism can be summed up by the three
S's:
Statism - States are the sole meaningful actor in
international relations and are unitary and rational.

Survival - the primary goal of a state is to survive.

Self-help - Due to the anarchical nature of the

international system, states can only rely on
themselves to pursue their goals.
 What are the types of
realism in international
relations?
Political realism is further delineated into sub-theoretical frameworks, including:

• Classical realism
- explains international relations through assumptions about human nature.

• Liberal realism
- is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual,
liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property
and equality before the law.

• Neorealism
- emphasizes the role of power politics in international relations, sees
competition and conflict as enduring features and sees limited potential for
cooperation.

• Neoclassical realism
- is a theoretical approach that belongs to the realist tradition in international
relations theory.
 WHO IS THE FATHER OF
INTERNATIONAL REALISM?

Hans Morgenthau

- is considered one of the

"founding fathers" of the
realist school in the 20th
century. This school of
thought holds that nation-
states are the main actors in
international relations and
that the main concern of the
field is the study of power.
is one of the most influential theories in international
relations because it emphasizes the importance of
individual rights and freedoms as well as democracy.
 TYPES OF
LIBERALISM
Sociological Liberals - is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that
endorses social justice and the expansion of civil and political rights.

Interdependence Liberals - Liberalism insists that economic interdependence reduces

conflict because increasing trade relations can build power for all parties involved
and is mutually beneficial

Institutional Liberals- is a theory of international relations that holds that

international cooperation between states is feasible and sustainable, and that such
cooperation can reduce conflict and competition.
 TYPES OF
LIBERALISM
Republican Liberals - Republican Liberalism is an International
Relations Theory which claims that Liberal Democracies go to war /
fight each other, and in that sense are more peaceful.

Neoliberalism - is a school of thought which holds that international

cooperation between states is feasible and sustainable, and that such
cooperation can reduce conflict and competition.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
THEORY IN
INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
- is a theory that states that
international relations are
constructed through reciprocal
interactions between states. This
theory purports that international
relations are about power, not
about collective security or
economic development.
How did constructivism start
in international relations?

Constructivism in international
relations began with the theories of
Nicholas Onuf (1989). They were
then popularized and expanded upon
by the American political scientist
Alexander Wendt (1992, 1999).
 WAR AND
INTERNATIO
NAL
RELATIONS
CONTENT

WHAT IS WAR?

TYPES OF WAR

CAUSES OF WAR
 WHAT IS WAR?

WAR
- Is when nations, countries,
and large groups of people
fight against to each other. War
is the mass fighting of people
to protect the things they love
and to get the things they
desire.
TYPES OF WAR
▶ Religious War
▶ Civil War
▶ War of Independence
▶ Cold War
▶ World War
▶ Colonial War
▶ Proxy War
▶ Border War
▶ Total War
▶ Invation
War is caused by many different things,
including competition over land, religious
conflicts, and nationalism. Imperialism, racism,
and slavery have also been causes of armed
conflict.
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INTERNATIONAL
LAW
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LAW?

- Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as

binding in relations between states and between
nations.
- Serves as a framework for the practice of stable and
organized international relation.
- Primarily applicable to countries than to private
citizen.
Public & Private International Law

Public International Law – it is a law that governs the

relation between or among nations.

Private International Law- concerns disputes between

private parties in which the law, jurisdiction or court
judgements of more than one jurisdiction are implicated
The following are some of the central
subsets of international law:
The following are some of the central
subsets of international law:

• International economic law

• International security law
• International criminal law
• International environmental law
• Diplomatic law
• International humanitarian law
• International human rights law
 International Environmental Law

International environmental law - is the set of agreements

and principles that reflect the world's collective effort to
manage our transition to the Anthropocene by resolving
our most serious environmental problems, including
climate change, ozone depletion, and mass extinction of
wildlife.
 The Stockholm
Declaration (1972)
Law on natural resources exploitation:
- First major attempt of international
agreement on environment
- Idea of conserving natural resources
- Limit to right of states to exploit their
natural resources
 International Economic
Law
International economic law-
is the foundation upon which the
world economy is built. It is the
regulatory framework that
governs how countries,
organizations, and businesses
operate in the international
economic arena.
 International Security Law

- International Security
Law focuses primarily on
collective security measures
involving both military and non-
military activities against both
traditional and non-traditional
security threats.
 International Humanitarian Law

International humanitarian law (IHL)

is a set of rules that seek to limit the
effects of armed conflict. It lays out
the responsibilities of states and non-
state armed groups during an armed
conflict.
Diplomatic Law

Diplomatic law - is a field of international law

concerning the practice of diplomacy and the rights and
obligations of state representatives on the territory of
other states.
 International Criminal Law

International criminal law - is a body

of rules prohibiting grave human
rights violations such as genocide,
war crimes, crimes against humanity,
and the crime of aggression. These
are crimes that are so serious they are
seen as concerning the international
community as a whole.
 International Human Rights Law

International human rights law- lays

down the obligations of
Governments to act in certain ways
or to refrain from certain acts, in
order to promote and protect human
rights and fundamental freedoms of
individuals or groups.
INTERNATION
AL
ORGANIZATIO
N
 What is an International Organization?
- An International Organization is an organization with an international membership,
scope, or presence.

- An international organization is one that includes members from more than one
nation. Some international organizations are very large, such as corporations. Others
are small and dedicated to a specific purpose, such as conservation of a species.
Types of International
Organization
 Intergovernmental Organizations

- An intergovernmental organization (IGO) is a group of members (sovereign

states, countries) working together on issues of mutual self-interest

- The term intergovernmental organization (IGO) refers to an entity created by a

treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of
common interest. In the absence of a treaty, an IGO does not exist in the legal
sense.
 International non-governmental organization

- An international non-governmental organization (INGO) is an

organization which is independent of government involvement and extends
the concept of a non-governmental organization (NGO) to an international
scope.

- International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) are not-for-profit voluntary

associations operating at the international, transnational, or global level, with
members or participants from many countries.
 Multinational Enterprises

A multinational enterprise has its management headquarters in one

(or rarely more than one) country, the home country, while also
operating in other countries, the host countries.
Six Essential International
Organizations You Need to
Know