SCIENCE
Chapter 7
Aquatic Ecosystem
Lesson 7.1
What is an Aquatic Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem
- Refers to a group of interacting organisms dependent on one another
in a water environment.
The interaction between living and nonliving components make the
ecosystem stable.
Biotic and Abiotic Components
Biotic Components
It refers to the living components in an
ecosystem.
Plants Fungi Bacteria Fishes
Biotic and Abiotic Components
Abiotic Components
It refers to the nonliving
components of an ecosystem.
It also refers to the physical
environment of the living things.
Some Examples of Abiotic Components
1. Sunlight
It is important for plants to manufacture
food through photosynthesis.
Some Examples of Abiotic Components
2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
It refers to a molecule of
oxygen that is dissolved in
water.
Some Examples of Abiotic Components
3. Water temperature
Water that is too warm may not have enough dissolved oxygen
in it.
Some Examples of Abiotic Components
4. Salinity
It refers to the salt content of
water.
SCIENCE
Chapter 7.2
Types of Aquatic Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem
Freshwater Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem
Makes up three Is a diverse aquatic
percent in Earth’s ecosystem that house
water. multitude of living
Has less salt organisms in ocean and
concentration sea environment.
SOURCES OF FRESHWATER
Wetlands freshwater
Running freshwater Still freshwater
SOURCES OF FRESHWATER
Still freshwater
Is calm, slowing moving body
of water.
Lakes and Ponds
Lake and Pond Zones
Lakes and Ponds
3. Littoral zone
Is the area close to the
shore.
Is the transition zone
between dry land and
the open water area to
the lake.
Sunlight can penetrate.
Lakes and Ponds
Littoral zone
Diverse set of organisms
Types of Aquatic Plants
A. Floating Plants
- Are not attached to the bottom.
The leaves float on the water surface and are
exposed to the sunlight.
Types of Aquatic Plants
A. Floating Plants
Examples:
Lotus Duckweed Waterlily
Types of Aquatic Plants
B. Submerged Plants
- Have their leaves and stems submerged in
the water.
Lack strong water transport
system in the stem.
Have roots that hold the plants strongly
in soil.
Types of Aquatic Plants
B. Submerged Plants
Examples: Sea grass Hydrilla
Elodea
Types of Aquatic Plants
C. Emergent Plants
Are rooted plants often along the
shoreline that stand above the surface
of the water.
Have stiff or firm stems.
Cannot grow in the deeper part of the
water.
Types of Aquatic Plants
C. Emergent Plants
Examples: Cattail Water plantain
Arrowhead
Lakes and Ponds
Limnetic zone
Is the layer of open
water farther away from
the shore.
Lakes and Ponds
Limnetic zone
Photic zone
– receives sunlight.
2. Aphotic zone
– receives little or no
sunlight.
Lakes and Ponds
9-10Limnetic zone
Photic zone
– receives sunlight.
Abundance of planktons
Lakes and Ponds
1. Benthic zone
Is the area where too
little sunlight penetrates.
Refers to the bottom part
of the pond or lake
covered with fine layers
of mud and sand.
Streams and Rivers
Streams zone
5. Channel
Is the deep part of the
stream where the water
collected flows
downstream.
Streams zone
STREAM
6=8Streams zone
4. It is the area where water is deep but
flows slowly.
Snails, mollusks, and worms thrive here.
Streams zone
Only animals that can cling can survive like
stoneflies, caddied flies, algae, and diatoms.
It is the shallow areas characterized by a fast flow
agitated by rocks.
Streams zone
It is the area of fast- This is where you see
moving water between the very turbulent water
riffle and pool. flow.
Streams zone
Stream banks
Are sides of the stream
channel where plants
can grow.
Endemic species in the Philippines
Lasi and Ludong (lobed river mullet)
Wetlands
What are wetlands?
Wetlands are areas where
water covers the soil, or is
present either at or near the
surface of the soil all year or
for varying periods of time
during the year, including
during the growing season.
Examples of Wetlands
MARSHE SWAMPS
S
Dominated by grasses and Dominated by woody plants.
emergent plants.
MARINE ECOSYSTEM
Is a diverse aquatic ecosystem
that houses a multitude of living
organisms in ocean and sea
environment.
Major Oceans: Atlantic, Antarctic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic ocean
Ocean Zone
Ocean Zone
Intertidal zone
Is where the ocean meets the
land.
Ocean Zone
Intertidal zone
Organisms:
Sea star Clam Crabs Seaweed
Barnacles
Ocean Zone
Neritic zone
Is a shallow marine environment extending from the coast
to 200 meters deep.
Experiences a more stable water temperature and well –
oxygenated water.
Ocean Zone
Neritic zone
Organisms: Algae Tuna Angel fish Galunggong
Sea grasses
Bathyal zone
It is the zone located beyond
the neritic zone.
It is characterized by
saltwater turbidity or
Bathyal zone
cloudiness due to the
accumulation of silt and
high pressure.
Ocean Zone
Bathyal zone
Organisms: Viper fish Whales Octopus Sponge
Squid
Abyssal zone
It lies below 2,000 meters.
Sunlight cannot reach this
zone.
Bathyal zone
Ocean Zone
Abyssal zone
Organisms: Sea lilies Giant squid Angler fish
Sea urchin
SCIENCE
Chapter 7.3
Interactions in an Aquatic Ecosystem
Ecological Niche
Different organisms play different roles.
Roles of Different Organisms in an
Ecosystem Plankton – tiny algae that are
carried by waves
A. PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS) Phytoplankton
Manufacture its own food
through photosynthesis.
Serve as food for fishes and Zooplankton
crustaceans.
Roles of Different Organisms in an
Ecosystem
B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS)
Depend on other organisms for food.
Classifications:
HERBIVORES
Organisms that eat plants.
Roles of Different Organisms in an
Ecosystem
B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS)
Depend on other organisms for food.
Classifications:
CARNIVORES
Organisms that eat meat.
Roles of Different Organisms in an
Ecosystem
B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS)
Depend on other organisms for food.
Classifications:
OMNIVORES
Organisms that eat plants and
animals.
Roles of Different Organisms in an
Ecosystem
B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS)
Depend on other organisms for food.
Classifications:
DETRITIVORE
S Organisms that decompose dead plant
and animal matter.
Feeding Relationships
Show how energy flows from one organism to another
organism.
FOOD CHAIN FOOD PYRAMID FOOD WEB
Feeding Relationships
Show how energy flows from one organism to another
organism.
FOOD CHAIN
It is simply a process of eating and being eaten.
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Producer
Consumer Consumer Consumer
Feeding Relationships
FOOD CHAIN
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Producer
Consumer Consumer Consumer
Feeding Relationships
FOOD CHAIN
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Producer
Consumer Consumer Consumer
Feeding Relationships
Show how energy flows from one organism to another
organism.
Energy Pyramid
It shows where organisms are
placed, as well as, the energy that
is transferred from a producer to
the last order consumer.
Feeding Relationships
Show how energy flows from one organism to another
organism.
Trophic Level
It refers to the level of
nourishment of organisms.
Trophic Level
It refers to the level of nourishment of organisms.
4th trophic level
3rd trophic level or carnivore
2nd trophic level or herbivore
1st trophic level or producer
Energy Pyramid
Trophic Level: TERTIARY CONSUMER
LEAST ENERGY
SECONDARY
CONSUMER
PRIMARY
CONSUMER
PRODUCERS
MOST ENERGY
Energy Pyramid
Feeding Relationships
Show how energy flows from one organism to another
organism.
Food Web
It is an overlapping
food chains.
Food Web
Producers
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Food Web
Sample Food Chain
Community Interactions
A. PREDATION
Refers to a relationship that involves a
predator and a prey.
Predator
- hunts, kills, and feeds on other
organisms for survival.
Prey
- Is the food for predators.
Community Interactions
A. PREDATION
Penguin eating fish Seal eating red mullet
Community Interactions
B. MUTUALISM
It is simply known as the “give – and – take” relationship.
Sea anemone and clownfish Spider crab and Algae
Community Interactions
C. COMPETITION
It occurs when species or organisms fight for the
same limited resources.
Limited resources – refer to anything that
makes organisms survive.
Food
Sunlight
Space
Community Interactions
C. COMPETITION
TYPES:
Interspecific Intraspecific
Competition Competition
Involves different members of the Occurs among members of the same
different species. species
Community Interactions
C. COMPETITION
TYPES: Interspecific Involves different members of the
Competition different species.
Algae and plankton compete for sunlight Different fishes compete for food
Community Interactions
C. COMPETITION
TYPES: Intraspecific Occurs among members of the same
Competition species
A group of clownfish competes for space in the An anglerfish competing with another anglerfish
tentacles of sea anemone
Community Interactions
D. Commensalism
It refers to a relationship between two organisms in which one
organism is benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor
harmed.
Commensal
- Organisms that benefit in this
relationship
Host
- Organisms that neither benefit nor
harmed
Community Interactions
D. Commensalism
Barnacles attach to a turtle for A remora attaching itself to zebra shark to
protection travel to different places
Community Interactions
E. PARASITISM
It refers to a relationship involving an organism that benefits
from the relationship but causes harm to the other organisms.
Parasites
- Organisms that benefit in this
relationship
Host
- Organisms that is harmed
Community Interactions
E. Parasitism TYPES
Ectoparasite Endoparasite
Parasites found outside the body of the Parasites found inside the body of the
host host
Koi with an anchor worm Gill fluke that attack the gill membrane of fishes
