DETERMINING TEXTUAL
EVIDENCE DETERMINING
DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING
DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING DETERMINING TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
DETERMINING
DETERMINING
NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
1 NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
wanted to be like
Detective Conan or
Sherlock Holmes
2 NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
spread gossips or
rumors about anyone
3 NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
stared at or judged on
someone’s OOTD
4 NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
stalked my crush on all
his/her social media
5 NEVER
HAVE
I EVER
suspected a friend or a
classmate to be gay
Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL EVIDENCENo matter how
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
eloquent, no matter
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
how grammatically
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
sound, no matter TEXTUAL
how EVIDENCE
organized, no matter
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
how correct – without
evidence, any andTEXTUAL
all EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL
argumentation will fall EVIDENCE
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE
flat.
Textual evidence is
evidence, gathered
TEXTUA from the original
L source or other texts,
that supports an
EVIDENC argument or thesis.
E
All textual evidence
should:
support/oppose a specific point
establish connection from a claim
be based on nothing but the text
REFERENCIN
G
SUMMARIZI
G
PARAPHRASIN
DIRECT
QUOTING
REFERENCIN
Referencing is mentioning a
particular event or action in the
text. It’s useful when you want to
point something out to support a
point you’re tying to make but
don’t feel a summary,
paraphrase or direct quote is
necessary.
G
REFERENCIN
Meursault’s indifference is apparent
when he attends his mother’s
funeral.
The Stranger by Albert Camus
This is clear when he flies over
the sea.
Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison
G
SUMMARIZI
Summarizing is putting someone
else’s words into your own
words. It’s useful when you want
to point to a larger section of
text but do not need the details
of the original text. Summaries
should be written in your own
words, and include page
numbers if necessary.
G
SUMMARIZI
When Meursault’s mother dies he
claims that it was inevitable,
explaining the absurdist idea
that life has no meaning (33).
The Stranger by Albert Camus
He did not worry about falling as he
flew over the sea (298).
Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison
G
PARAPHRASIN
Paraphrasing is also putting someone
else’s words into your own words.
It is useful when you need more
detail than a summary but less than
a direct quote. A paraphrase focuses
concisely on a single main idea.
Paraphrasing should be written
in your own words, and include a
page number if necessary.
PARAPHRASIN
Original: “...that it was one of those things that was
bound to happen sooner or later” (33).
Paraphrase: As an absurdist, Meursault doesn’t put
meaning towards any object or being. Therefore, he
doesn’t mourn over his mother’s death and acts
indifferently towards his loss (33).
The Stranger by Albert Camus
Original: “Part of his flight was over the dark sea, but
it didn’t frighten him because he knew he could not
fall” (298).
Paraphrase: He wasn’t afraid of falling when he flew
over the sea (298).
Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison
Quotations illuminate your ideas and
QUOTING
support your argument using the
exact words from the original text.
DIRECT
It’s useful when you want to capture
the particular language an author
uses. It is the most convincing
evidence of the four types as they
add credibility to the point you are
trying to make.
Specific Detail
QUOTING Specific details uses words or phrases
DIRECT
from the text to support your
argument.
Details should be short—a word or
phrase–and they should be
incorporated into your own
sentences.
Specific Detail
QUOTING Jack was “bent double” with his
DIRECT
“nose only a few inches from the
humid earth” tracking the trail of
the pig “dog-like…on all
fours”(Golding 48).
Brief Quoting
QUOTING Brief quoting uses fewer than three
DIRECT
lines and should be carefully
introduced and integrated into your
writing.
Put quotation marks around all
briefly quoted material.
Brief Quoting
QUOTING On the wall of his room is a “large
DIRECT
tinted photograph of his dead wife,
who, if Masses willed and paid for
out of her own estate could do it,
was in Heaven” (99).
Block Quoting
QUOTING Block quoting (lengthy quotations)
DIRECT
are used when you want to quote
more than three lines of text. Think
carefully before using this type
of quotation and make sure the
entire section you want to quote
directly supports your argument.
Block Quoting
QUOTING Block quotes should be single-spaced
DIRECT
and indented four spaces from the
left margin, and should not use
quote marks.
Block Quoting
QUOTING
Steinbeck writes:
When the servant come in bearing the message
DIRECT
that Juana and Kino have arrived, the doctor sat
up in his high bed. He had on his dressing gown
of red watered silk that had come from Paris, a
little tight over the chest now if it was buttoned.
On his lap was a silver tray with a silver chocolate
pot and a tiny cup of eggshell china, so delicate
that it looked silly when he lifted it with his big
hands (701).
Recall!
Recall!
Recall!
A struggle between
two or more
opposing forces that
CONFLIC provides the central
T action and/or interest
in a literary plot.
Identifying Conflict in
Popular Literature through
Textual Evidence
I know things you don’t know,
Tom Riddle. I know lots of
important things that you don’t.
Want to hear someone before you
make another big mistake?
Is it love again? Dumbledore’s
favorite solution, love, which he
claimed conquered death. So what
will stop you dying now when I
strike? If it’s not love that will save
Harry Potter
you this time, you must believe
and the
Deathly Hollows
that you have magic that I do not,
© J.K. Rowling, p. 591
or else a weapon more powerful
I know things you don’t know,
Tom Riddle. I know lots of
important things that you don’t.
Want to hear someone before you
make another big mistake?
Is it love again? Dumbledore’s
favorite solution, love, which he
claimed conquered death. So
what will stop you dying now
when I strike? If it’s not love that
Harry Potter will save you this time, you must
and the
Deathly Hollows believe that you have magic that I
© J.K. Rowling, p. 591
do not, or else a weapon more
Then the fish came alive,
with his death in him, and
rose high out of the water
showing all his great length
and width and all his power
and his beauty. He seemed
to hang in the air above the
old man in the skiff. Then he
fell into the water with a
crash that sent spray over
the old man and over all of
the skiff.
The Old Man and the Sea © Ernest Hemmingway, p. 66
Then the fish came alive,
with his death in him, and
rose high out of the water
showing all his great length
and width and all his power
and his beauty. He seemed
to hang in the air above the
old man in the skiff. Then
he fell into the water
with a crash that sent
spray over the old man
and over
The Old Man and allHemmingway,
the Sea © Ernest of the p. 66 skiff.
The one place where a man ought to
get a square deal is in a courtroom,
be he any color of the rainbow, but
people have a way of carrying their
resentments right into a jury box. As
you grow older, you'll see white men
cheat black men every day of your
life, but let me tell you something
and don't you forget it - whenever a
white man does that to a black man,
no matter who he is, how rich he is,
or how fine a family he comes from,
that white
To Kill a Mockingbird man
© Harper Lee, p. is
205 trash.
The one place where a man ought to
get a square deal is in a courtroom,
be he any color of the rainbow, but
people have a way of carrying their
resentments right into a jury box. As
you grow older, you'll see white
men cheat black men every day
of your life, but let me tell you
something and don't you forget
it - whenever a white man does
that to a black man, no matter
who he is, how rich he is, or how
fine a family
To Kill a Mockingbird © Harper Lee,he
p. 205 comes from, that
white man is trash.
…as the cab drove away, the girl
joined her hands in a brief
namaskar. Utterly unprepared for
this gesture, Binoy remained frozen,
unable to respond. Back home,
he repeatedly cursed himself for
this minor lapse. Scrutinizing his
own conduct in their company from
their first encounter to the moment
of parting, he felt that his manner
had been rather uncivil. He
tormented himself with futile
thoughts of what he could have said
Gora © Rabindranath Tagore
or done at specific moments.
…as the cab drove away, the girl
joined her hands in a brief
namaskar. Utterly unprepared for
this gesture, Binoy remained frozen,
unable to respond. Back home,
he repeatedly cursed himself for
this minor lapse. Scrutinizing his
own conduct in their company
from their first encounter to the
moment of parting, he felt that
his manner had been rather
uncivil. He tormented himself with
futile thoughts
Gora © Rabindranath Tagore of what he could
have said or done at specific
