TYPES OF NETWORK Waheed Shahzad

Lecturer Computer
TOPOLOGY Science
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
In Computer Network ,there are various ways through which
different components are connected to one another. Network
Topology is the way that defines the structure, and how these
components are connected to each other.
The arrangement of a network that comprises nodes and
connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred to as Network
Topology. The various network topologies are:
• Mesh Topology
• Star Topology
• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Tree Topology
• Hybrid Topology
MESH TOPOLOGY
In a mesh
topology,
every device is
connected to
another device
via a particular
channel.
CONT…
Advantages of Mesh Topology
 Communication is very fast between the nodes.
 The fault is diagnosed easily. Data is reliable because data is
transferred among the devices through dedicated channels or links.
 Provides security and privacy.

Drawbacks of Mesh Topology

 Installation and configuration are difficult.
 The cost of cables is high as bulk wiring is required, hence suitable
for less number of devices.
 The cost of maintenance is high.
STAR TOPOLOGY
In Star Topology, all the
devices are connected
to a single hub through
a cable. This hub is the
central node and all
other nodes are
connected to the
central node.
CONT…
Advantages of Star Topology
 It is easy to set up.
 It is Robust. If one link fails only that link will affect and not other
than that.
 Easy to fault identification and fault isolation.
 Star topology is cost-effective as it uses inexpensive coaxial cable.

Drawbacks of Star Topology

 The cost of installation is high.
 Performance is based on the single concentrator i.e. hub.
BUS TOPOLOGY
Bus Topology is a
network type in which
every computer and
network device is
connected to a single
cable. It is bi-
directional. It is a multi-
point connection and a
non-robust topology
because if the
backbone fails the
topology crashes.
CONT…
Advantages of Bus Topology
 Coaxial or twisted pair cables are mainly used in bus-based
networks that support up to 10 Mbps.
 The cost of the cable is less compared to other topologies, but it is
used to build small networks.
 Bus topology is familiar technology as installation and
troubleshooting techniques are well known.
Drawbacks of Bus Topology
 A bus topology is quite simpler, but still, it requires a lot of cabling.
 If the common cable fails, then the whole system will crash down.
 Adding new devices to the network would slow down networks.
 Security is very low.
 In a Ring Topology, it forms a
RING TOPOLOGY ring connecting devices with
exactly two neighboring
devices. A number of
repeaters are used for Ring
topology with a large number
of nodes, because if someone
wants to send some data to
the last node in the ring
topology with 100 nodes, then
the data will have to pass
through 99 nodes to reach the
100th node. Hence to prevent
The datadataflows
lossinrepeaters
one are used
direction,
in thei.e.network.
it is
unidirectional. In-Ring
Topology, the Token Ring
Passing protocol is used
by the workstations to
transmit the data.
CONT…
Advantages of Ring Topology
 The data transmission is high-speed.
 Cheap to install and expand.
 It is less costly than a star topology.

Drawbacks of Ring Topology

 The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire network to fail.
 Troubleshooting is difficult in this topology.
 The addition of stations in between or the removal of stations can disturb the
whole topology.
 Less secure.
 TREE TOPOLOGY
This topology is the variation of the Star
topology. This topology has a hierarchical
flow of data.
In this, the various secondary hubs are
connected to the central hub which
contains the repeater. This data flow from
top to bottom i.e. from the central hub to
the secondary and then to the devices or
from bottom to top i.e. devices to the
secondary hub and then to the central
hub. It is a multi-point connection and a
non-robust topology because if the
backbone fails the topology crashes.
CONT…
Advantages of Tree Topology
 It allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub thus it
decreases the distance that is traveled by the signal to come to the devices.
 It allows the network to get isolated and also prioritize from different
computers.
 We can add new devices to the existing network.
 Error detection and error correction are very easy in a tree topology.

Drawbacks of Tree Topology

 If the central hub gets fails the entire system fails.
 If new devices are added, it becomes difficult to reconfigure.
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
This topological technology
is the combination of all the
various types of topologies
we have studied above.
Hybrid Topology is used
when the nodes are free to
take any form. It means
these can be individuals
such as Ring or Star
topology or can be a
combination of various
types of topologies seen
above.
CONT…
Advantages of Tree Topology
 This topology is very flexible.
 The size of the network can be easily expanded by adding new
devices.

Drawbacks of Tree Topology

 It is challenging to design the architecture of the Hybrid Network.
 Hubs used in this topology are very expensive.
 The infrastructure cost is very high as a hybrid network requires a
lot of cabling and network devices.