TIC03 Introduction to Agriculture and Fishery Arts
Field Crops
and
Cereal
Production
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
• Agriculture is the science, which mainly deals
with the diverse processes or the methods used
for the cultivating different varieties of plants
and livestock farming or animal husbandry on
the basis of human requirements.
• When plants of the same variety are cultivated
on a large scale, they are called CROPS.
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
• Kharif Crops
- between month of June and July
- between month of September and October
- Paddy (main)
• Rabi Crops
- between month of October and November
- between month of March and April
- Wheat (main)
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
Importance of
Field Crops
• Food for man
• Feed for animals
• Industrial uses
• Medicinal uses
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
Identifying Field
Crops
1.Cereals (rice, corn)
2.Legumes (peanut, mungbean,
cowpea)
3.Root Crops (sweet potato, cassava,
gabi)
4.Others (e.g tobacco & cotton)
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
Reasons:
• To get acquainted with crops;
• Understand the requirement of soil
and water;
• Know the growing habit;
• Actual condition requirement for
cultivation.
METHODS OF
REPRODUCTION
METHODS OF REPRODUCTION
(FIELD CROPS)
To ensure the optimal productivity
in the field …..
• Crop Selection
• Land Production
• Seed Selection
• Sowing of seeds
• Irrigation
• Growth
• Harvesting
PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
• Improper seed selection
• Lack of appropriate technology in
cultural and management practices
• Agricultural Marketing
• Lack of transport
• Lack of capital
• Lack of high-quality seed
FIELD CROPS
PRODUCTION
Environmental
Factors affecting Field
Crops
• Climate
• Soil Factors
• Biotic Factors
CEREAL
PRODUCTION
CEREAL
CEREAL
CEREAL
Describes any cultivated grass that
produces an edible grain.
Cereals are the world's largest crops,
and are therefore staple foods.
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
RICE
RICE
Mainly grown in Asia
More grown in Australia due to
increase demand
1) Brown rice – unprocessed (whole
grain)bran, germ and endosperm
2) White or polished rice -Rice is gluten
free so suitable for people with
coeliac disease.
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
CORN/MAIZE
CORN/MAIZE
Grown as corn on the cob and used as a fresh
vegetable or as field corn that is harvested and
ground to make flour.
Main products from corn:
Corn flour (fine flour used for thickening agents
in sauces)
Sweet corn
Popcorn (dried wholegrain)
Cornflakes (kernels are baked and rolled)
Ground corn (tortillas, corn chips)
Corn grows on every
continent except Antarctica.
Corn comes from Mexico
The world record for a corn
plant height is over 48 feet.
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
WHEAT
WHEAT
Grown throughout the world
Most popular cereals produced
Wheat grain is usually ground into flour
(main ingredient of bread, pasta, noodles,
cakes)
SOFT HARD
WHEAT WHEAT
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
RYE
RYE
used for flour, rye bread, rye
beer, and crispbread.
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
OATS
OATS
Oats are used for human consumption as
oatmeal, including as steel cut oats or
rolled oats.
Majority of oats produces in Australia used
for stock feeds
RICE CORN/ WHEAT
MAIZE
RYE OATS BARLEY
BARLEY
BARLEY
grown in temperate climates globally.
prefers relatively low temperatures and
well-drained soil to grow.
Problems
encountered in
Cereal Production
Temperature Salinity
Rainfall Moisture
Pest Disease
Temperature
Each plant species has a
suitable temperature
range.
Temperatures ranging
from 60° to 85°F are
optimum for plant growth
and development
Salinity Rainfall
Moisture Pest
Disease
Salinity
• Salinity is the dissolved salt
content of a body of water.
• If the level of salts in the soil
water is too high, water may flow
from the plant roots back into
the soil.
Rainfall Moisture
Pest Disease
Rainfall
Excessive rainfall can lead to
flooding, which can wash away
soil nutrients and damage crops.
Inadequate rainfall can also be
harmful to crop health.
Moisture Pest
Disease
Moisture
Too much soil moisture means
farmers cannot easily manage
their crops.
too humid, it may promote the
growth of mold and bacteria
that cause plants to die and
crops to fail, as well as
conditions like root or crown
rot.
Pest
Disease
Pest
Plant pests and
pathogens interfere with
the growth and cause
damage to cultivated and
naturally growing plants.
Disease
Disease
plant disease is any harmful
condition that affects a plant's
appearance or function.
Common pathogens that cause
diseases include: fungi, bacteria,
and viruses.
