SPIRITUAL SELF
Lesson 7: Supernaturals: Believe
It or Not!
At the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
1.Identify various religious practices and
beliefs;
2.Understand the self in relation with
religious beliefs; and
3.Explain ways of finding the meaning of life.
“set of cultural beliefs and practices that
usually includes some or all of the basic
characteristics”
CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION:
1. A belief in anthropomorphic
supernatural being, such as spirit and
gods.
2. A focus on the sacred supernatural,
where sacred refers to a feeling of
reverence and awe.
3. The presence of supernatural power or
energy that is found on supernatural
beings as well as physical beings and
objects.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION:
4. The performance of ritual activities
that involves the manipulation of sacred
object to communicate to supernatural
beings and/or to influence or control
events.
5. The articulation of worldview and
moral codes through narratives and
other means.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGION:
6. Provide the creation and maintenance
of social bonds and mechanism of social
control within a community; provide
explanation for unknown and a sense of
control for individuals.
is the performance of ceremonial acts
prescribed by a tradition or sacred law
(Brittanica, 2017)
it is a specific, observable mode of
behavior exhibited by all known societies
CHARACTERISTICS OF RITUAL
Dependenc
A feeling or
e upon a
emotion of
belief
respect, Symbolic in
system that
awe, relation to
is usually
fascination, its
expressed
or dread in reference
in the
relation to
language of
the sacred
myth
SOME
WORLD
RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS
AND
PRACTICES
Christianity
- Christianity believe that God is
present in the world in the person
of Jesus Christ of Nazareth
- We believe that Jesus Christ died
on the cross to save us.
- We believe God as Trinity: The
Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
CHRISTIANITY
HISTORY
1. 63 3. Jesus 5. Jesus
BCE born in started
Kingdom Bethlehe ministry
of Judea m 4. John at 30
2.
the
Roman
Baptist
occupatio
baptized
n
Jesus
CHRISTIANITY
6. Jesus 9.
arrested, Christiani
crucified, ty as
and official
resurrect religion
ed 8. Vision
of Rome
of
Constanti
ne
7. Spread
of
Christiani
ty
CHRISTIANITY
BELIEFS
Trinitarian God:
one God in three
personas: God
the Father
(Creator), God
the Son (Savior),
and God the Holy
Spirit (Sustainer)
Holy Bible
CHRISTIANITY
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Sacrament of Sacrament of
Baptism Communion
CHRISTIANITY
CELEBRATIONS
Christmas Resurrection
The Ten
Commandmen
ts
ISLAM
HISTORY
Visited
Mohamme by
Met a Archang Greatest
d was
born in Christi el revelati
an in Gabriel on in
year
Syria in Hira year 620
572 Cave
(610)
ISLAM
HISTORY
Ascends Back to
to Mecca Muslim
heaven Moved and
s grew
and to destroy
descend ed in
Medina
s to pagan number
earth belief
ISLAM
BELIEFS
Muslims believe in Allah, who is their
“One God”
Ummah is a strong sense of community
Islam means “willing submission to
God”
Quran is their holy book: 114 surahs
written and prayed in Arabic
Hadiths different accounts about
Mohammed’s life
ISLAM
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Five pillars of Islam:
1. Shahadah- statement of faith: “ There is no God but the
one true God and Mohammed is the messenger.”
2. Salat- the prayer that is practiced five times a day
3. Zakat- the monetary offering for the benefit of the poor
(2.5% of assets are given to the poor)
4. Hajj- the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca
5. Sawm- the fasting from dawn to sunset during
ISLAM
CELEBRATIONS
Eidul-Fitr Eidul-Adha
JUDAISM
BELIEFS
The Jews believe in the God of Abraham,
the same God that liberated Hebrew slaves
from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised Land
through the leadership of Moses.
The Jews believe in the coming of the
Messiah, the Savior.
The sacred scripture is called the Torah or
the Law.
JUDAISM
HISTORY
Started
Root of with
Abraham Sons were
Christianit Abraham’
was circumcise
y and s d
tested
Islam covenant
with God
Moses
Abraham People
Pharaoh was found
left became
exiled the by
Mesopotam slaves in
ia
Hebrews Egyptian
Egypt
princess
JUDAISM
HISTORY
Moses led
Reached Kingdom
the 10
Israel was
people Command
after 40 divided in
out of -ments
years two
Egypt
Babylonia 40,000
Assyrian
n empire exiles
empire Hanukkah
destroyed returned
invaded tradition
tower of to
Israel
Solomon Jerusalem
ABRAHAM & Isaac: Test of Faith
The Ten
Commandmen
ts
JUDAISM
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Rosh Yom Kippur
Hashanah
JUDAISM
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Pesach Shavuot
JUDAISM
CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Sukkot
BUDDHISM
BELIEFS
Life is composed of
sufferings, pain and
frustrations.
Reactive cycle:
wanting and hating,
like and dislike,
craving and aversion
Meditation to break
the cycle
BUDDHISM
HISTORY
Born from a noble
family, a king and a
queen (Nepal)
Mother had a dream
Made four trips at the
age of 29
Found enlightenment
Siddhartha in meditation in a fig
Gautama tree at Gaya for 49
days
BUDDHISM
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1. Dukkha- the truth of
suffering
2. Samudaya- the truth of
the cause of suffering
3. Nirodha- the truth of the
end of suffering
4. Magga-the truth of the
path that leads to the end
of suffering
BUDDHISM
Dharma wheel/ Darma Chakra
The Eightfold Path or the Middle way
BUDDHISM
CUSTOMS AND
PRACTICES
2 types of meditation
practices: samatha and
vipassana
Samatha: mindfulness of
breathing and development
of loving kindness
Vipassana: practices aim at
developing insight into
reality
BUDDHISM
CELEBRATIONS
Paninirvana Day Buddha/ Wesak Day (May)
(February)
BUDDHISM
Dharma Day (July) Padmasambhava Day
(October)
BUDDHISM
Sangha Day
(November)
HINDUISM
HISTORY
Oldest practicing religion
known to human beings
(6000-4000 BCE)
Indus-Valley River civilization
Aryans brought their own
way of knowing and religious
practices: roots
Least dogmatic
HINDUISM
BELIEFS
Hindus believe that
existence is a cycle of
birth, death and rebirth,
governed by Karma.
Karma is a concept
where the reincarnated
life will depend on how
the past life was spent.
HINDUISM
6 Basic Hindu Principles
1. Truth is eternal.
2. Brahman is Truth and Reality.
3. The Vedas are the ultimate authority.
4.Everyone should strive to achieve
dharma.
5. Individual souls are immortal.
6. The goal of the individual soul is moksha.
Brahman, One World Soul/God
Caste
System
You are born
into the caste
depending on
your karma.
HINDUISM
CELEBRATIONS
Diwali Navrati
Religious beliefs, rituals, practices,
and customs are all part of the
expression of the spiritual self. What
to believe and how to manifest the
belief is entirely dependent on the
individual, to the self.
FINDING AND CREATING MEANING
OF LIFE
Psychotherapy introduced by Dr. Viktor Frankl
Believes that “man’s primary motivational
force is search for meaning”
Uses the philosophy of optimism in the face
of tragedy
BASIC CONCEPTS OF FRANKLIAN
PSYCHOLOGY
Life has meaning under
all circumstances.
Main motivation for
living is our will to find
meaning in life.
Freedom to find
meaning.
LOGOTHERAPY ASSUMPTIONS
1.The human being is an entity
consisting of body, mind and spirit.
2. Life has meaning under all
circumstances, even the most
miserable.
3. People have a will to meaning.
LOGOTHERAPY ASSUMPTIONS
4. People have freedom under all
circumstances to activate the will to
find meaning.
5. Life has a demand quality to which
people must respond if decisions are
to be meaningful.
6. The individual is unique.
FRANKL’S SOURCE OF MEANING
1.Purposeful work.
2.Courage in the
face of difficulty.
3.Love.
“The ultimate secret on the
spiritual foundation of life is that
love is salvation and joy eternity.
The ultimate factor to find the
meaning of life is love.”
HOMEWORK
Reflect on Viktor Frankl’s sources of meaning of life.
What can you say about his philosophy? Which one/s
do you agree the most? Which one/s do you disagree
the most? Explain your answer.
Have you found yourself in a situation that made you
question your life’s meaning? How did you go about it?
At this point in time, what do you think is the meaning
of your life?
Encode your answers on a short bond paper with
Calibri 12 as your font. Use single spacing and 1 inch
margin on all sides.
