SUMMER INTERVENTION

Which principle of
human rights asserts
that no right can be fully A. Universality
enjoyed without others?
B. Interdependence
C. Non-discrimination
D. Obligation

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 A. Universality
Which principle of
B. Interdependence
human rights asserts
that no right can be fully C. Non-discrimination
enjoyed without others?
D. Obligation

Human rights are indivisible, interrelated, and

Human Rights has Four interdependent, for the reason that it is
Characteristics : insufficient to respect some human rights and
not others. In practice, the violation of one right
will often affect the respect of several other
rights.

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 How did the Cyrus Cylinder contribute
to the evolution of human rights?

A. It created the first legal constitution

B. It declared independence from foreign rule
C. It introduced early ideas of freedom and
equality
D. It limited the power of monarchs

C. It introduced early ideas of

freedom and equality
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How did the Cyrus Cylinder contribute to
the evolution of human rights?

A. It created the first legal constitution

B. It declared independence from foreign rule
C. It introduced early ideas of freedom and
equality
D. It limited the power of monarchs

•In ancient times, people only had rights through group membership (e.g., family
or tribe).
•In 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, the first king of Persia, conquered Babylon.
•After his conquest, Cyrus made several progressive decisions:
•Freed the slaves and allowed them to return to their homelands.
•Declared religious freedom, allowing people to choose and practice their own
religion.
•Promoted racial equality, treating different races fairly.
•These actions were recorded on the Cyrus Cylinder, a clay tablet.
•The Cyrus Cylinder is considered the first human rights declaration in history.
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What distinguishes a fundamental
right from a moral right?

A. Moral rights are legally enforceable

B. Fundamental rights are constitutionally
guaranteed
C. Fundamental rights are cultural
D. Moral rights protect economic interests

B. Fundamental rights are

constitutionally guaranteed
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 What distinguishes a fundamental
right from a moral right?

A. Moral rights are legally enforceable

B. Fundamental rights are constitutionally
guaranteed
C. Fundamental rights are cultural
D. Moral rights protect economic interests

Six Fundamental Rights (based on the Philippine/Indian

model):
Fundamental Rights Right to Equality – Equal protection under the law and
prohibition of discrimination.
Definition: Right to Freedom – Includes freedom of speech,
Rights guaranteed by the expression, assembly, and movement.
Right to Religion – Freedom to profess, practice, and
Constitution that cannot be propagate religion.
violated, even by the government.. Cultural and Educational Rights – Protection of
minorities' language, culture, and education.
Right against Exploitation – Prohibits forced labor,
human trafficking, and child labor.
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Right to Constitutional Remedies – Right to
approach the courts if fundamental rights are violated.
 Which of the following
scenarios best A. Taking land for building a public
demonstrates the exercise hospital
of police power? B. Enforcing curfews to ensure
public safety
C. Collecting taxes to fund free
education
D. Giving subsidies to private
corporations

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 Which of the following A. Taking land for building a public
scenarios best hospital
demonstrates the exercise B. Enforcing curfews to ensure
of police power? public safety
C. Collecting taxes to fund free
education
D. Giving subsidies to private
corporations
What are the Three Inherent
Powers of the State?

• The fundamental powers of the

State are the police power, the
power of eminent domain, and the
power of taxation.
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 Which of the following best A. Rights are optional, responsibilities
analyzes the relationship are not
between rights and B. One’s rights justify ignoring the
responsibilities in human rights of others
rights? C. Rights come with the duty to
respect others' rights
D. Rights are more important than
responsibilities

C. Rights come with

the duty to respect
others' rights
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 Which article in the UDHR affirms that everyone
is born free and equal in dignity and rights?

A. Article 2
B. Article 1
C. Article 7
D. Article 30

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Which article in the UDHR affirms that everyone
is born free and equal in dignity and rights?

A. Article 2
B. Article 1
C. Article 7
D. Article 30

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 What distinguishes A. IHL applies during peacetime; IHRL
International Humanitarian applies only during war
Law (IHL) from International B. IHL protects civil rights; IHRL
Human Rights Law (IHRL)? protects soldiers
C. IHL applies during armed conflict;
IHRL applies at all times
D. IHL is voluntary; IHRL is binding

C. IHL applies during armed

conflict; IHRL applies at all times

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 What distinguishes
International Humanitarian
Law (IHL) from International
Human Rights Law (IHRL)?

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 What is the purpose of the A. To review only developing
Universal Periodic Review countries' rights records
(UPR) conducted by the B. To monitor humanitarian law
Human Rights Council? compliance
C. To ensure equality in evaluating
every UN member state’s human
rights performance
D. To impose sanctions on non-
compliant states
C. To ensure equality in evaluating
every UN member state’s human
rights performance

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 What is the UN High Commissioner for Human
CLASSICAL LITERATURE

Rights?-tasked with strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around
the globe by addressing situations of human rights violations and making recommendations on
them, including responding to human rights emergencies.

The Human Rights Council

 Established: March 15, 2006 (replacing the
former UN Commission on Human Rights).

 Structure: Composed of 47 Member States.

 Main Roles:

o Promote and protect human rights globally.

o Address violations and make

recommendations.

o Respond to human rights emergencies.

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 What legal source forms the A. Customary local laws
foundation of most B. Bilateral state agreements
international human rights C. The UDHR and UN Charter
laws? D. Domestic court decisions

C. The UDHR and UN

Charter

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Why is the International
Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) referred to as the
“guardian” of IHL?
A. It funds military operations during conflict
B. It enforces war crimes trials
C. It monitors respect for IHL and protects victims
C. It monitors respect for IHL and protects
of armed conflict
victims of armed conflict
D. It drafts national laws for member countries
 THE ICRC’s Role in
CLASSICAL LITERATURE
ICRC's Mandate:
o Established by the Geneva
Developing and Ensuring Conventions and Additional Protocols.
o In international armed conflicts, has
Respect for IHL the right to visit prisoners of war and
civilians to ensure their treatment
complies with IHL.
• The International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC):

o Serves as the guardian and promoter of

IHL.

o Operates as a neutral and independent

organization with a humanitarian mission.

o Focuses on protecting the lives and dignity

of victims of armed conflict and violence.

• ICRC Actions: o Monitor respect for IHL and

report violations to relevant authorities.

o Provide humanitarian assistance to those

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• affected.
MODULE 5
9. Which of the following best
characterizes the Detaining Power’s
responsibility under Article 12 of the
Geneva Convention?
A. Only the soldiers who captured POWs are
responsible for them
B. Responsibility lies solely with international
C. The Detaining Power as a whole is responsible
courts
for the treatment of POWs
C. The Detaining Power as a whole is
responsible for the treatment of POWs
D. No specific body is accountable once
POWs are transferred
 THE Who Are Prisoners of War
CLASSICAL LITERATURE

(POWs)? -Under Article 4 of the

Geneva Convention, Prisoners of War
(POWs) are individuals who belong to
the following categories and have
fallen into the hands of the enemy
during armed conflict:

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• MODULE 6
 WHAT are the General
CLASSICAL LITERATURE

Protection of Prisoners of
War (POWs)?

22
• MODULE 6
What is the main purpose of a
constitution?

A. To outline tax obligations of citizens

B. To establish and regulate the basic structure and
powers of government
C. To elect the president and lawmakers
D. To create educational guidelines

B. To establish and regulate the basic structure

and powers of government
 Why Have a Constitution?-
CLASSICAL LITERATURE
Former Philippine Constitutions:
•
-1986 Freedom Constitution
Empowers legitimate authorities to act
(transitional)
for the public good in managing national
-1973 Constitution
affairs.
-1943 Japanese Constitution
• Protects citizens from arbitrary rulers and -1935 Commonwealth Constitution
abuse of power. -1899 Malolos Constitution
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
• Limits government control, ensuring it Drafted under President Corazon Aquino.
manages the state under higher laws on Ratified through plebiscite on February 8,
behalf of the people. 1987.
Introduction to the Philippine Based on Proclamation No. 3 (March 25,
Constitution 1986), which removed 1973 Constitution
provisions.
What is the Features of the 1987
 Known as "Saligang Batas
Constitution?
ng Pilipinas" or 1. Three Main Government Branches:
"Konstitusyon ng Executive: Headed by the President and Cabinet;
Pilipinas". limited martial law powers (expires in 60 days
unless extended).
 It is the supreme law of the Legislative: Bicameral Congress (Senate and
Republic of the Philippines. House of Representatives); creates laws and
policies.
 Final draft completed: Judicial: Headed by the Supreme Court; reviews
October 12, 1986. constitutionality of laws and government actions.

Ratified by nationwide 2. Independent Constitutional Commissions:
CSC (Civil Service Commission) 24
• plebiscite:
MODULE 7 February 8, 1987. COMELEC (Commission on Elections)
 • CLASSICAL LITERATURE 3. Other Key Institutions:

• Office of the Ombudsman: Ensures ethical conduct in

government.

• The duty of the Office of the Ombudsman is to act

as the government’s watchdog against corruption
and other forms of misconduct among public officials
and employees. It is an independent constitutional
body in the Philippines tasked with:

• Investigating complaints against public officials and

employees for illegal, unjust, improper, or inefficient
acts.

• Prosecuting cases before the Sandiganbayan (anti-

graft court) and other courts.

• Preventing corruption through monitoring and

recommending reforms in government operations.

• Enforcing administrative, civil, and criminal

liability against erring officials.

• Promoting honesty, integrity, and accountability

in public service.

• Its power is grounded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution

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• and the7 Ombudsman Act of 1989 (Republic Act No.
MODULE
 Which of the following best explains the function of the Bill of Rights?

A. To give the government power to B. To protect individuals from

enforce religious laws government abuse and ensure
B. To protect individuals from liberties
government abuse and ensure
liberties
C. To prioritize social equality in all
aspects of law
D. To allow citizens to change laws
directly

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 Know your material in advance

Anticipate common questions

Rehearse your responses

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 Thank you
JOHN CHRISTOPHER A. VERSOZA.RCRIM
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