PRACTICAL RESEARCH I
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
A scientific investigation of
-
phenomena which includes
collection, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of
data
-
A process of discovering
and examining facts and
information to prove the
accuracy or truthfulness
about a research topic
WHY PRACTICAL
RESEARCH?
A type of research
directed towards
problems which have a
practical application or
implication
Used to develop the
critical thinking and
problem-solving skills of
learners to make them
fully equip and experience
to write their own research
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH:
> ACCURATE
- Research must give correct or
accurate data, which the notes
and bibliographical entries should
be honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged
OBJECTIVE
>
- Research must deal with
facts, not with mere opinions
arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions,
and conclusions
> TIMELY
- Research must work on a
topic that is fresh, new,
and interesting to the
present society
> RELEVANT
- Research topic must be
instrumental in improving
society or in solving problems
affecting the lives of people in
a community
> CLEAR
- Research must succeed in
expressing its central point or
discoveries by using simple, direct,
concise, and correct language
> SYSTEMATIC
- Research must take place
in an organized or orderly
manner
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH:
To learn how to work
1.)
independently.
2.) To learn how to work
scientifically or systematically.
3.) To have an in-depth knowledge
of something.
4.) To elevate the researcher’s
abilities by letting them think
in HOTS ( Higher Order
Thinking Skills) of inferring,
evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and
creating.
5.) To improve reading and writing
skills.
6.) To be familiar with the basic
tools of research and the various
techniques of gathering data and
of presenting research findings
7.) To free oneself from
the influence of a single
textbook, other people’s
lone point of view or
spoon feeding
TYPES OF DATA NEEDED IN RESEARCH:
> PRIMARY DATA
--- are obtained through direct
observation or contact with people,
objects, artifacts, paintings, etc.
--- are new and original information
resulting from the researcher’s
sensory experience
> SECONDARY DATA
--- are those which have
already been written about or
reported on and are available
for reading purposes
QUALI VS. QUANTI
Instruction: Identify whether the following research
titles/research topics are examples of qualitative or
quantitative research. Explain your answer.
1.) Whether a Plant Grows Well Indoor or Outdoor
2.) Muslim Wedding Rites
3.) The Philippines’ Political Party System: Then and Now
4.) The Legend of Mayon Volcano
5. ) The Effectiveness of the K-12 Curriculum
6.) Pluses and Minuses of Teenage Pregnancy
7.) The Favorite TV Channel of Viewers in the
Province of Iloilo
8.) Medicinal Elements of Guava Leaves
9.) Preferred Brand of Sardines Among Residents of
Brgy. Poblacion , Leon, Iloilo
10.) Iron Contents of Oregano Plants
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND
ITS IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – a type of research that
puts premium or high value on people’s thinking
or point of view conditioned by their personal
traits
> subjectivity of ideas is used because the
researcher himself has a personal involvement in
every stage of the research study
> things are studied in their natural setting
( investigation of real-life events )
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:
1.) Human understanding and interpretation
> data analysis results in a qualitative
research show an individual’s mental, social, and
spiritual understanding of the world. Hence,
through their worldviews, researchers come to
know their subject participants’ values, beliefs,
likes, and dislikes
2.) Diversified data in real-life situations
> a qualitative researcher prefers
collecting data in a natural setting like
observing people as they live, work, etc.
> researchers also analyze photographs
or videos as they genuinely appear to people
or people’s intentional observations
3.) Abounds with words and visuals
> words, words, and more words come in big
quantity in this type of research study
> data gathering is done through interviews,
library readings, and observations
> presentation is data is done verbally
> people’s world views are also significantly
done through visual presentation such as videos,
pictures, drawings and even graphs
4.) Internal Analysis
> the data are yielded by the internal traits
of the subject individuals ( Ex. Emotional,
mental, spiritual characteristics )
> In case of objects ( such as books and
artworks ) that are subjected to a qualitative
research, the investigation centers on
underlying theories or principles that govern
these materials and their usefulness to people
5.) Multiple Research Approaches and
Methods
> qualitative research allows the
researchers to approach or plan their study in
varied ways
> being a multiple-method type of
research, a qualitative research applies to all
research types: descriptive, explanatory, case
6.) Contextualization
> qualitative research’s main goal is to
understand human behavior.
> it is crucial for the researcher to
examine the context or situation of an
individual’s life --- the who, what, why, how
and other circumstances which affect his or
her way of life
TYPES OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH:
1.) Case Study
> type of qualitative research which usually
takes place in the field of nursing, social care,
psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, etc.
> it involves a long-time study of a person,
group, organization or situation
It seeks to find answer to why such thing
occurs to the subject individual
Finding reasons behind such occurrence
drives the researcher to delve into
relationships of people related to the case
under study
Data collection methods include interviews,
questionnaires, observations and
documentary analysis
2. Ethnography
> a study of a particular cultural group of
people to get a clear understanding of its
organizational set-up, internal operation, and
lifestyle
> a particular group reveals the nature or
characteristics of their own culture through
the world perceptions of the cultural group’s
members
3.) Phenomenology
> Coming from the word “ phenomenon” which
means something known through sensory
experience, phenomenology refers to the study of
how people find their experiences meaningful
> its primary goal is to make people understand
their experiences about death of loved ones, care for
handicapped persons, friendliness of people, etc.
> study of people lived experiences
4. Content and Discourse Analysis
> a method or approach used in a
qualitative research which requires analysis or
examination of the substance or content of
the mode of communication ( letters, books,
journals, photos, video recordings, online
messages, e-mails, audio-visual materials, etc.
)
> the researcher analyzes the contents of
a particular subject.
5.) Historical Analysis
> a method used to examine primary
documents to make the readers understand
the connection of past events to present
times.
> the result of the study will help the
researcher and the readers the
phenomenological changes in the unchanged
aspects of society through the years
6.) Grounded Theory
> this research approach takes place when the
researcher discovers a new theory to underlie his or
her study at the time of data collection and analysis
> through observation on the subjects, the
researcher will happen to find a theory that applies to
the current study
> interview, observation, and documentary
analysis are the data gathering techniques used
ADVANTAGES/ STRENGTHS OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:
1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its
subject matter, which means that those
involve in the research understand things
based on what they find meaningful.
2. It promotes full understanding of
human behavior or personality traits in a
natural setting.
3. It is instrumental for positive societal
changes.
4. It engenders respect for people’s
individuality as it demands the researcher’s careful
and attentive stand toward people’s world views.
5. It is a way of understanding and interpreting
social interactions.
6. It offers multiple ways of acquiring and
examining knowledge about something.
7. It increases the researcher’s
interest in the study as it includes the
researcher’s experience or background
knowledge in interpreting verbal and
visual data.
DISADVANTAGES/ WEAKNESSES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:
1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data
analysis.
2. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the
data.
3. It is time-consuming.
4. It uses open-ended questions that yield to “data
overload” that requires long-time analysis.
5. It involves several processes, which results greatly
depend on the researcher’s view or interpretations.
