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THE MIDDLE EAST
By areeba
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7.1 Introducing the middle east
7.2The Middle East :physical geography
7.3 The Middle East :climate zone and biomes
7.4 The people , and economics
7.5 Challenge in the Arabian peninsula
7.6 Conflict in the Middle East
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7.1 Introducing the middle east
•The Middle East is located at the intersection of
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Europe, Asia, and Africa
• Key points about the Middle East
1. Most of it is desert, or dry lands.
2. It has very large reserves of oil and gas, about 48% of Earth's
known oil reserves, and 38% of its gas reserves! This has helped
to make it an important region.
3. But some countries have much more oil and gas than others And
some - like Lebanon and Cyprus - are only beginning to exploit
their reserves
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C
Link with Britain
• Much•of the Middle East was once part of the Islamic
Ottoman.
• Empire1914, the Ottoman Empire entered World War
I, fighting against the Allies a, France, Russia, and
others). The Allies won.
• After the war, Britain and France carved up the
remains of the empire between ham, Joto areas to
control or influence. This led to much unrest in those
areas. Eventually, they became fully independent.
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7.2The Middle East :physical geography
Mountain areas
1. Mount Ararat
2. Mount Damavand seas
Rivers 1. Caspian
1. Nile sea
2. Euphrates 2. Black sea
3. Tigris 3. Red sea
Deserts
1. Sahara desert
2. Arabian desert
3. Rub ‘ Al Khali
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7.3 The Middle East :climate zone and
biomes
Temperature:
•The Tropic of Cancer runs through the
Middle East, making it hot due to its
proximity to the Equator.
•As you go up the mountains, the
temperature cools, and you can even find
small glaciers in Turkey and Iran.
Rainfall:
•The Middle East is largely surrounded
by water, but it gets very little rain due to
its location.
•At the Equator, hot air rises, cools, and
condenses, resulting in heavy rainfall.
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7.4 The people
and economics
The people
The middle east has many different ethnic
groups . Some are across several countries .
• Arabs are by far the biggest group . They speak
Arabic
• 80%of the people in turkey are ethnic Turks and
speaks Turkish .
• In iran , over 60% of the people are
persian . Iran has many other ethnic
groups too. Most people speaks persian
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7.4 The people
and economics
The economics
Oil Dependency:
• Many Middle Eastern countries heavily rely on oil
exports for revenue.
• Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and the United Arab
Emirates are major oil producers.
• Oil prices impact economic stability and growth
• .
• Economic Growth:
• Despite challenges, the Middle East has seen
economic growth.
• Sectors like construction, real estate, and services
contribute.
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7.5 Challenge in the Arabian
peninsula
The Arabian peninsula
• It has seven countries with total population of
around 89 million.
• The peninsula is mostly desert
• Its countries , except Yemen, are monarchies . They
are ruled by kings or emirs or Sultans.
Challenges
1. Water stress
2. Food risk
3. A fast-growing population
4. Climate change
5. A fall in demand for oil and gas
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7.6 Conflict in the Middle
East
An unstable region
• Borders created by Britain and France
caused some problems. different ethnic
groups were forced together or spilt up
like Kurds
• Most people in the middle East are Muslim
. But Islam has several branches the two
main ones are Sunni and Shia
• Many rebel group have operated in the
middle East, generating conflict some
Islamic extremist .Two example are
Islamic state and Al-Qaeda most Muslim
says this groups do not represent Islam.
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