Protein synthesis
- 2. Protein Synthesis • Synthesis= the process of building or making • DNA= (deoxyribonucleic acid) the genetic code or instructions for the cell • RNA= ribonucleic acid • Amino Acids= building blocks of proteins
- 3. DNA RNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyribose Sugar= ribose Contains 1 more H atom than deoxyribose Double stranded Single stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCG Nitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil
- 4. http://www.princeton.edu/ %7Ehos/images/rna.gif http://images 2.clinicaltools .com/images/ gene/dna_ver sus_rna_rever sed.jpg
- 5. STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION= making RNA Location: Eukaryotes-nucleus Prokaryotes-cytoplasm • 1. RNA polymerase binds to the gene’s promoter • 2. The two DNA strands unwind and separate. • 3. Complementary nucleotides are added using the base pairing rules EXCEPT: • A=U • The rest are the same C=G, T=A, G=C
- 6. Try this example. • Using the following DNA sequence, what would be the complementary RNA sequence? • ATCCGTAATTATGGC • UAGGCAUUAAUACCG
- 8. • 1. Messenger RNA= mRNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein from a gene and delivers it to the site of translation. • Codon= three nucleotide sequence • Transfer RNA= tRNA single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end and has an anticodon • Anticodon-a 3 nucleotide sequence that is complementary to an mRNA codon • Ribosomal RNA= rRNA- a part of the structure of ribosomes
- 9. Codon and Anticodon • Codon-found on mRNA Anticodon-found on tRNA http://images.google.com/imgres? imgurl=http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/ genetics/images/codon_GCA.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.obgyna cademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/&usg=__4MvAO2 N3sXbERXQwODVDSqtsOjM=&h=160&w=168&sz=4&hl=e n&start=5&tbnid=toyuIN8drVBr4M:&tbnh=94&tbnw=99&pre v=/images%3Fq%3Dcodon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://www.microbelibrary.org/microbelibrary/files/ccImages/Articleimages /kaiser/tRNA_arg.jpg
- 10. STEP 2-TRANSLATION-Assembling proteins- in the cytoplasm • mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm • tRNA molecules with the complementary anticodon and a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome where the mRNA is waiting. • Peptide bond forms between amino acids • tRNA molecule leaves and a new one comes with another amino acid. • Amino acids continue to attach together until the stop codon and a protein is formed
- 11. SUMMARY • Transcription= process of making RNA from DNA • Translation= RNA directions are used to make a protein from amino acids •DNA®RNA ®Protein • Transcription Translation nucleus Cytoplasm on ribosome
- 12. DNA RNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyribose Sugar= ribose Contains 1 more H atom than deoxyribose Double stranded Single stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCG Nitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil
- 13. Video Clips • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvYEqGb7XN8&• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38&
- 14. DNA Replication RNA Transcription DNA polymerase is used. RNA polymerase is used. DNA nucleotides are linked. RNA nucleotides are linked. A DNA molecule is made. An RNA molecule is made. Both DNA strands serve as templates. Only one part of one strand of DNA ( a gene) is used as a template.
- 15. Explain the steps in protein synthesis. http://stemcells.nih.gov/i nfo/scireport/images/figu rea6.jpg