plant breeding cross pollination in angiosperm dichogamy - a term coined by sprengel as “dichogam flowering begins with one sex and the other sex comes later in flowers of an ind the functionally male and female phases are often but all pollination such synchronization needs to be combined with fur as reported e.g. for anaxagorea dolichocarpa ii)duodichogamy pseudoheterodichogamy mitochondia mitochindrial dna organellar genome omics mitochondrial omics apotopsis oxidativephosphorylation lectin tanins phytic acid saponin lathyrogen rice submergence sub 1 gene snorkel gene mutation physical and chemical mutagens cross pollinated crops recurrent selection mass selection synthetics and composites hybrids heterodichogamy dichogamy flower development heteromorphy angiosperm flower morphs promoting cross pollination gene for nitrogen fixation nutient genes polymerase chain reaction rapd dna amplification fingerprinting ssr issr pcr caps arbitrary-primed pcr start codon target polymorphism transposable element based markers steps in pcr intron-targeting polymorphism aflp sscp trap molecular markers genomics mitochondrial proteomics transcriptomics orgenellar crosstalks nucleus mitochondrial chloroplast interaction plant genome genome projects rice genome project arabidopsis genome project maize genome project methods of genome sequencing list of crop sequenced history of plant genome sequencing arabidopsis irgsp nitrogen use effeiciency qtl nue pcr based markers
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