Group Discussion Techniques, Research work
- 1. Submitted to: Sir Asif Naveed
- 3. Group Discussion Preparation for the session Planning Ground Rules Focus Group Technique Recording the Data Advantages Disadvantages Storytelling Nominal Group Technique (NGT) How NGT work? Advantages Disadvantages
- 4. A group discussion is a group of individuals with similar interest who gather either formally or informally to bring up ideas, solve problems or give comments Very effective method of health communication. Exchange knowledge, ideas and opinions. Not less than 6 and not more than 12.
- 5. Group processes are fundamental to human communication and to management of organizations Examples • Staff meetings • Senior executive groups • Committees • Governing bodies • Users groups
- 6. Identify the major objective of the meeting. Carefully develop five to six questions. Plan your session. Call potential members to invite them to the meeting.
- 7. Scheduling Setting and Refreshments Ground rules Membership Plan to record the session with either an audio or audio-video recorder. Collect useful information to meet goal of meeting
- 8. Express ideas clearly & concisely. Listen to what others say. Do not interrupt when others are speaking. Make only relevant remarks. Accept criticism gracefully. Help to reach conclusions.
- 10. Facilitated group discussion used for collecting data from participants about a particular topic in a limited amount of time.
- 11. Focus group is a form of qualitative research. It is homogeneous. Focus groups rely on interaction within the group based on topics that are supplied by the researcher. A focus group session is a small group discussion. It consist of 6 to 12 participants.
- 12. A particular problem with focus group discussion is recording the data obtained .There are four commonly adopted ways of recording such discussion Tape recorder Notes taken during the meeting Notes made immediately after discussion Notes taken by someone else during the discussion
- 13. One of the advantages of focus groups is that participants and facilitator can find it an enjoyable and interesting experience . Other advantages include Speed Transparency Interaction Flexibility Open endedness Ability to note non-verbal communication
- 14. o Getting people together o Dominating personalities o Waiting to be agreeable o Finding a typical group
- 15. • Storytelling ‘circles’ are groups from within an organization who share some common past experience of interest to the researcher. • As a research method, a storytelling group shares all the advantages and, sadly, also all the disadvantages of a regular focus group. • Recording the stories told can be a particular problem.
- 17. Nominal group technique gathers a similar number of participants-though here these may be a group in name only,hence the name given to this method. unlike a focus group,a nominal group need not be homogeneous.
- 18. It is heterogeneous. Participants take part in a structured group process which results in a list of items they themselves have suggested. Participants use their own words and have then ranked in order of importance.
- 19. In NGT a question is put to a group, which then deals with it in four discrete steps. Ideas are: 1. Written down by each individual, silently 2. Reported by everyone in the group and noted on a board or chart for all participants to see (and with no discussion allowed at this stage). 3. Discussed, clarified and evaluated 4. Voted on to establish relative importance, from which a group ranking can be derived If required, the third and fourth steps may be repeated to enable participants to re-evaluate voting patterns and so increase the accuracy of the outcome.
- 20. It uses individual knowledge, expertise and judgment. It makes use of a group’s ability to suggest a variety of ideas and asses these. It is fast. It generates a numeric priority ranking. It uses the terminology of participants.
- 21. It can only be used to address a single issue at a time. It is a truism in research that if you ask the wrong questions, you cannot hope to get the right answers. Group should consist of no fewer than five and no more than about a dozen participants. With fewer than five participants it is difficult to gain sufficient group momentum for participants to spark ideas off each other. With more than about a dozen, the process becomes drawn out, and individual start to lose the feeling that their own contribution is of importance.