How to add user in system without useradd command
- 1. HOW TO ADD USER IN SYSTEM WITHOUT USERADD COMMAND When you add any user in system . user details and group details are stored in 4 files ● /etc/passwd - In this file the user informations are stored . ● /etc/group - In this file the user group informations are stored . ● /etc/shadow - In this file the password of user are stored . ● /etc/ gshadow - In this file the user group password are stored . Step 1 :- Become a root user using su command su (enter your root password) Open the file /etc/passwd using nano /etc/passwd and go to the end of file username:password(x):uid:gid:comment_block:home_directory: user_shell ● Username :- Add Name of user you want to create . ● Password :- /etc/passwd file doesn’t save the password of user .just put here --> x ● uid(user ID) :- In this field you want to add uid normally uid start with 1000 but you check previous user uid and then assign uid to your user is plue 1 ● gid(group ID) :- In this field you want to add gid normally gid start with 1000 but you check previous group gid and then assign gid to your group is plue 1 ● Comment field :- In this you can comment or leave blank . ● Home_Directory :- Home Directory is required for store user files .basically home_directory are store in /home with your user name for example /home/akki ● User_shell :- User_shell is required for interaction with kernel .you can available shells in /etc/shells files and assign any one like /bin/bash . Add one line at end of file Like below :-
- 2. akki:x:1010:1010:hii:/home/akki:/bin/bash Save that file Step 2 :- Open the file /etc/group using nano /etc/group and go to the end of file groupname:password(x):gid: ● groupname :- Add Name of group you want to create (It same to user name). ● Password :- /etc/group file doesn’t save the password of group .just put here --> x ● gid(group ID) :- This gid same which added in /etc/passwd file ● user_list :- A list of the usernames that are members of this group, separated by commas (This leave blank) . Add one line at end of file Like below :- Akki:x:1010: Save that file Step 3 :- Then type on terminal passwd akki (akki is your user name) (enter new password) Step 4 :- Then login to your user su - akki (it give one error---> No directory, logging in with HOME=/) It because we not create our home dirctory
- 3. Exit Step 5:- Then Create your Home Directory with mkdir /home/akki (It create your home directory) chown akki:akki /home/akki (It change the owner and group of akki directory to akki ) su - akki ls -la (your home directory is empty) exit Step 6:- Then go to the /etc cd /etc/skel ls cp -vr . /home/akki (It copy skel files to your home directory which is required when you login) cd /home/akki ls -la su - akki Your user is Created Example :- king-thehacker@kingthehacker:/home$ su Password: root@kingthehacker:/home# nano /etc/passwd (add line) root@kingthehacker:/home# tail -1 /etc/passwd
- 4. Salu:x:1010:1010:Hero:/home/Salu:/bin/bash root@kingthehacker:/home# nano /etc/group (add line) root@kingthehacker:/home# tail -1 /etc/group Salu:x:1010 root@kingthehacker:/home# passwd Salu Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully root@kingthehacker:/home# su - Salu No directory, logging in with HOME=/ (error) Salu@kingthehacker:/$ exit logout root@kingthehacker:/home# mkdir /home/Salu root@kingthehacker:/home# ls -la /home total 44 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 22 22:19 . drwxr-xr-x 38 king-thehacker king-thehacker 16384 Aug 22 21:10 king-thehacker drwxr-xr-x 4 lfs lfs 4096 Jun 22 14:28 lfs drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 22 22:19 Salu root@kingthehacker:/home# chown Salu:Salu /home/Salu Salu@kingthehacker:~$ ls -la /home/ total 44 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 22 22:19 . drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 Aug 9 19:59 .. drwxr-xr-x 38 king-thehacker king-thehacker 16384 Aug 22 21:10 king-thehacker drwxr-xr-x 4 lfs lfs 4096 Jun 22 14:28 lfs drwxr-xr-x 2 Salu Salu 4096 Aug 22 22:20 Salu root@kingthehacker:/home# su - Salu Salu@kingthehacker:~$ ls Salu@kingthehacker:~$ exit logout root@kingthehacker:/home# cd /etc/skel/ root@kingthehacker:/etc/skel# ls -la total 40 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 9 10:00 . drwxr-xr-x 138 root root 12288 Aug 22 22:18 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 Sep 1 2015 .bash_logout
- 5. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3771 Sep 1 2015 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8980 Apr 20 2016 examples.desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 Jun 24 2016 .profile root@kingthehacker:/etc/skel# cp -vr . /home/Salu/ './.bash_logout' -> '/home/Salu/./.bash_logout' './.bashrc' -> '/home/Salu/./.bashrc' './.profile' -> '/home/Salu/./.profile' './examples.desktop' -> '/home/Salu/./examples.desktop' root@kingthehacker:/etc/skel# cd /home/Salu/ root@kingthehacker:/home/Salu# ls -la total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 Salu Salu 4096 Aug 22 22:20 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 22 22:19 .. -rw------- 1 Salu Salu 8 Aug 22 22:19 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 Aug 22 22:20 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3771 Aug 22 22:20 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8980 Aug 22 22:20 examples.desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 Aug 22 22:20 .profile root@kingthehacker:/home/Salu# su - Salu Salu@kingthehacker:~$ ls -la total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 Salu Salu 4096 Aug 22 22:20 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 22 22:19 .. -rw------- 1 Salu Salu 8 Aug 22 22:19 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220 Aug 22 22:20 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3771 Aug 22 22:20 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8980 Aug 22 22:20 examples.desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 Aug 22 22:20 .profile Salu@kingthehacker:~$