Open air theatre Case Study
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The Hollywood Bowl is an 18,000 capacity open air theatre located in Hollywood, California. It features a distinctive band shell made of concentric arches set against the Hollywood Hills backdrop. Over time, improvements have been made to the shell and sound systems to enhance the acoustics. Red Rocks Amphitheatre is a 9,500 capacity open air theatre near Denver, Colorado that is set naturally between tall sandstone formations. Its design and geological features provide uniquely perfect acoustics for performances.
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Open air theatre Case Study
- 1. OPEN AIR THEATRE CASE STUDY
- 2. (1) HOLLYWOOD BOWL Location : Hollywood, California. Capacity : 18000 The Hollywood Bowl is known for its band shell, a distinctive set of concentric arches The shell is set against the backdrop of the Hollywood Hills and the famous Hollywood Sign to the Northeast. The "bowl" refers to the shape of the concave hillside the amphitheater is carved into.
- 3. PLAN
- 4. HISTORY 1928, Lloyd Wright built a shell in the shape of concentric 120-degree arches, with movable panels inside that could be used to tune the acoustics. It was designed to be easily dismantled and stored between concert seasons 1929, the Allied Architects built the shell using a transit skin over a metal frame. By the late 1970s, the Hollywood Bowl became an acoustic liability because of continued hardening of its transit skin.
- 5. ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS Sufficient emergence of directly propagated sound and its reinforcement through early positive sound reflections (from the amphitheatre gradient and natural loudspeaker response of the space), Control of late sound reflections (limitations of the reverberation time, eliminations of echoes)
- 6. • The ring-shaped structure hung within the shell, supporting lights and acoustic clouds • Grand acoustic canopy that floats as an elliptical ring above stage and reflects the sound waves to all parts of the stage • A series of computerized translucent louvers extends across the ring which programmed to shift into place according to the music performed
- 7. The stage canopy is composed of aluminium and fibre glass ring spanned by folding polycarbonate panels The panels lie 10 degree above horizontal curved surface to disperse sound from instruments below
- 9. SOUND SYSTEM The current sound reinforcement system is a line-array configuration of multiple loudspeaker enclosures hung vertically in a curved manner, with the lower enclosures facing the front sections, and the upper enclosures angled towards the rear sections. It includes state-of-the-art audio processing allowing each individual loudspeaker directed towards the near-precise location of the listener, regardless of where in the venue they are sitting.This results in the audience in the rear sections hearing the same audio, at the same level, as in the front sections. This electronic processing includes sound level, frequency equalization, occasional special effects, and time delay (sound passes through wire much faster than through air, therefore the sound coming from the speakers must be delayed, allowing the actual sound from the stage to "catch up" so both sources reach the listeners' ears simultaneously).
- 10. (2) RED ROCKS AMPHITHEATRE CAPACITY:9500 STRUCTURE: Open air amphi theatre with covered stage Red Rocks Amphitheater is a natural, geologically- formed, open-air amphitheater located in Morrison Red Rocks Amphitheater is the only naturally- occurring acoustically perfect amphitheater in the world Upper plaza of the amphitheater sits at 6,200 feet above sea level and offers views over the top of Stage Rock and down across the landscape into the city of Denver
- 11. DESIGN Red Rocks was known for its strong acoustics and nearly rectilinear design The rectilinear layout is nestled between three monolith stones The upper plaza capture the views of Denver and provides refuge from the concert as tree lined pathways separate the performance space from the circulation
- 12. SEATING Because of its steep slope, every seat at Red Rocks is a good seat. The seating area consists of 70-tiered rows with a capacity of 9,450. The seats are wooden planks with no backs that are fastened to a cement foundation. The seats provide an optimal seating that the audience helps to create a ‘back wall’ to the amphitheater The main attraction to Red Rocks is the gigantic 300-foot sandstone monoliths flanking the stage on either side, creating not only a beautiful natural setting for a performance, but offering the closest thing to acoustic perfection
- 13. ACOUSTIC ATTRIBUTES The main attraction to Red Rocks is the gigantic 300-foot sandstone monoliths flanking the stage on either side, creating not only a beautiful natural setting for a performance, but offering the closest thing to acoustic perfection Monolith stones provide edges on three sides of the stage Monoliths lining the venue provide a surface for reflections of sound to bounce off The intricate and complex faces of the stones create all sorts of possibilities for reflections of sound. Reflections can go to the back of front of the venue, but due to their unparalleled faces, never directly back and forth between surfaces, thus avoiding a detrimental ‘fluttering’ of sound between the two stones
- 14. • Multi faced surfaces contribute to longer reverberation times • 30% slope of amphitheatre is best for sound projection and acts as a back wall There are only a couple dozen trees within the venue, all about 20 feet in height. These contribute to some attenuation of sound, but because of their small size and low number, have a very minimal affect on the sound of the space itself